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第6讲并列句与状语从句,专题一语法知识,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,1._ you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏,29) A.Once B.Unless C.If D.When,解析,解析句意为:你如果睡不好的话,一两个晚上后就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。B项unless意为“如果不,除非”,引导条件状语从句,符合语境。once一旦;if如果;when当的时候。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,2._ we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018北京,2) A.Although B.While C.If D.Until,解析,解析句意为:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应该用if引导条件状语从句,表示主句内容发生的条件。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,3.Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _ they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018天津,4) A.ever since B.as if C.even though D.so that,解析,解析句意为:我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧,以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便,为了”,引导目的状语从句,符合语境,故选D。ever since自以后;as if好像,似乎;even though即使,尽管。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,4.Peter,please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited. No problem.(2017北京,22) A.but B.or C.for D.so,解析,解析句意为:彼得,请寄给我们明信片,这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没问题。后面表示结果,故用so。but表转折;or表选择;for是表因果关系的连词,后接原因。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,5.If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(2017北京,28) A.because B.though C.until D.since,解析,解析句意为:如果不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨,直到(until)弄清楚。until直到为止,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。because因为,引导原因状语从句;though尽管,引导让步状语从句;since自以来,由于,可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,6.I am not afraid of tomorrow,_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京,35) A.so B.and C.for D.but,解析,解析句意为:我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选C项。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,诊断报告,解题方法 1.并列句在单项填空中的审题要诀: and表顺延,for/so起因缘, while表对比,when示突然间。 but/yet意转折,(either.)or供挑选, (neither.)nor全否定,not only. but also.入递进关。,2.状语从句在单项填空中的审题要诀: 状语从句不一般,服务功能它最全。 表原因、表结果,又表让步与时间。 表方式、表比较,尚表目的和条件。 连词作用分辨清,灵活运用不留憾。,方法1句意翻译法 对于状语从句的解答来说,最重要的一点是能够正确地翻译句子的意思,这样就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种,选择也就很容易了。 典例1_ they decide which college to go to,students should research the admission procedures. A.As B.While C.Until D.Once,分析,分析句意为:一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学,他们就应该研究申请此大学的入学程序了。as当时,由于;while当时,尽管;until直到;once一旦。根据句意可知选择D项。,方法2分清句子类型法 对于一些试题来说,掌握和分清一些固定的句型结构是很重要的。同时也要注意该从句与其他一些从句的区别,如地点状语从句和定语从句、结果状语从句和定语从句等。 典例2John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A.when B.after C.before D.since,分析,分析所填词引导时间状语从句,构成It wont be long before.句型,意思是:过不了多久就,故选C。,考点突破,考点1并列连词,1.He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京,25) A.so B.but C.or D.as,解析,解析句意为:他是一个害羞的人,但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知,前后为转折关系,所以应用but。,答案,2.Give me a chance,_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. A.if B.or C.and D.while,解析,解析句意为:给我一个机会,我会给你一个惊喜。由句式结构可知,这是一个祈使句;由句意可知,前后两句为顺承关系。应用“祈使句and陈述句”,故选C。,答案,考点归纳,(一)并列连词 1.表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2.表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but,yet(然而),whereas(然而,但是),while(然而)等。 3.表示因果关系的并列连词有for,so等。 4.表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or,either.or.,not.but.,neither.nor.等。 (二)特殊句型 1.祈使句and陈述句If .,主句。 2.祈使句or/otherwise陈述句If .not .,主句。,考点2时间状语从句,1._ the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for. A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While,解析,解析句意为:随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。,答案,2.We need to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it. A.while B.after C.before D.as,解析,解析句意为:我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知,“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前,引导时间状语从句,符合题意。,答案,3.She felt totally hopeless about the future _ one day she learned about a charity which provided microloan to women to start business. A.until B.once C.unless D.when,解析,解析句意为:她对未来感到彻底绝望了,直到有一天她听说有家慈善机构提供小额贷款给自主创业的女性。until直到才,引导时间状语从句。,答案,考点归纳,(一)when,while,as的用法与表示“一就”的常用表达 1.when,while,as (1)when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。 (2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 (3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,一边”或“随着”。,It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候,那时是半夜。 拓展when的特殊用法 1.when意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作。常见句型有:,be about to do.when. be doing.when. be on the point of doing.when. had just done.when.,I was about to go to your home to help you with your English when my uncle came. 我正要去你家帮助你学英语,这时我叔叔来了。 2.when还可表原因,意为“既然”。 When you knew his age,you shouldnt have allowed him to do it. 既然你知道他的年龄,那你不该允许他做这件事。,2.表示“一就”的常用表达 (1)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when. 等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生, 常译为“一就”。 The moment they heard the shout for help,they rushed out. 他们一听到呼救声就冲了出去。,(2)no sooner .than .,hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用部分倒装语序。 (二)before与since 1.before表示“还未就;不到就;才;趁;还没来得及就,在之前”。 2.It will be一段时间before .多久之后才。,3.It wont be long before.不久之后就。 4.It was一段时间before.过了多久才。 It was several days before I realized that David had lied to me. 几天之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。(2018苏南四校联考) 5.It is一段时间since.自从多久了。,(三)其他连接词 1.till,until与not .until. (1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。 (2)not .until.表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式。 I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour. 直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间,我才会告诉他答案。,2.表示“每次;下一次”等的常用表达 every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每次;下次;上次;任何时候”等。 Next time you go shopping,buy a few extra fruits and vegetables. 下次你去买东西,多买点水果蔬菜。(2018南京高三模拟),考点3让步状语从句,1._ birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京,25) A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because,解析,解析句意为:虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系,故用although引导状语从句。once一旦,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。,答案,2._ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive. A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless,解析,解析句意为:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非它的所有影响都是积极正面的。while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after在之后;unless除非。故选C。,答案,考点归纳,引导让步状语从句的连词 1.although/though(尽管,虽然),even though/even if(即使),都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。当as或though引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前时,常用倒装语序,此时从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled,he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦,但他总是露出平静的微笑。,2.whether .or .(不管还是);疑问词-ever(不管;无论),如whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever等;no matter疑问词(不管;无论)。 One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life. 一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情,无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 3.as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序;though引导时则可用倒装语序也可用自然语序。 4.从属连词while,when也可以引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”。,考点4条件状语从句,1.I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else. A.though B.as if C.once D.so that,解析,解析句意为:一旦你认识了其他所有人,我相信你会在这儿有一段美好的时光。once一旦,符合句意。,答案,2.You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing it. A.even though B.as long as C.as if D.ever since,解析,解析句意为:只要你坚持练习,你就不会觉得剪纸难了。 even though 即使;as long as只要;as if 仿佛,好像;ever since 自以来。结合句意可知选B。,答案,考点归纳,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless(if .not除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing (假设,如果),provided/providing that(如果)等。 (1)She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves. 她说如果生意还没有起色的话,她就不得不把店关掉。 (2)Ones life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others. 只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值,那么他的生命就有价值。,考点5地点状语从句,Located_ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏,23) A.why B.when C.which D.where,解析,解析句意为:由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,表示“在一带一路的交汇处”,因此用where引导状语从句。located表示“坐落在;位于”。,答案,考点归纳,1.地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。 In my opinion,youd better make a mark where you have any questions while reading. 依我看来,在读书时你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain,the fields are green. 哪里阳光、雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。,考点6原因状语从句,I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. A.because B.before C.unless D.until,解析,解析句意为:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它有助于我放松,让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选A项。,答案,考点归纳,引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because,as,since(既然),now that,seeing that,considering that(考虑到),in that等。另外,when也可表示原因。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因,for引导的分句对前面的内容进行补充说明。 (1)Now that you have grown up,you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了,就必须自己做这件事。 (2)The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. 这本书不同于那本书,因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。,考点7目的状语从句,Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family. A.now that B.as if C.only if D.so that,解析句意为:当儿子出生时凯西辞去了工作以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。now that既然;as if 好像,仿佛;only if只要;so that以便,为了。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知,stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的,故要用so that引导目的状语从句。,解析,答案,考点归纳,引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,in case (that)/lest等。 1.in order that,so that意为“以便;为了”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。 2.for fear that,in case (that)引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕/担心某事会发生”;in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。,专项训练,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.Sometimes its hard to accept the truth _ the lie sounds so much better.(2018南京三模,21) A.because B.unless C.though D.until,解析,解析句意为:有时候真相很难接受,因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。此处用because引导原因状语从句,故选A。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.Most people have to get to a point where they dont have a choice _ they will change something.(2018南京、盐城一模,33) A.since B.before C.while D.once,解析,解析句意为:很多人都会等到走投无路时才会做出改变。句子中的will表示愿意。before在此引导时间状语从句,表示“才”的意思,故选B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.How do you like the advertisement of the way to losing weight? Dont fall for it.In the beginning,that may do,but after a while you will end up back _ you started. (2018南京高淳区、淮海中学等97校联考,28) A.as if B.where C.even if D.when,解析,解析as if好像;where在的地方;even if即使;when当时。句意为:你觉得这个减肥方法的广告怎么样?不要信以为真。开始的时候,可能会有效,但是很快你就会回到原来的样子。故选B。,答案,4.John plays tennis well,_ his favorite sport is basketball. A.so B.yet C.or D.for,解析句意为:约翰网球打得好,然而他最喜欢的运动是篮球。由句意可知,选yet表示转折。,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Photos are magical in that they can have us seeing moments from the past _ they were frozen in time.(2018镇江期中,23) A.when B.in case C.unless D.as if,解析when当时;in case万一,假使;unless除非;as if似乎,好像。句意为:照片是神奇的,因为它们能让我们看到过去的时刻,就好像它们被冻结在时空里。此处表示“似乎,好像”,故选D。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,6.The great interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all children,_ their conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.(2018江苏高考压轴,28) A.how B.what C.whatever D.however,解析句意为:在过去的30年里,对公共教育中的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪,那就是所有的儿童,不管他们什么情况,都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。此处是whatever引导的让步状语从句,表示“不管什么,不论什么”,故选C。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7._ you may not be the next Bill Gates,for example,by learning from people like him you may bee just as,if not more famous,because of your success.(2018如东中学高三上期中,25) A.If B.While C.Since D.As,解析,解析句意为:举个例子,尽管你可能不是下一个比尔盖茨,通过像他这样的人学习,因为你的成功,如果不能更著名的话,至少可能变得和他一样有名。此处是while引导的让步状语从句。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.Man cannot discover new oceans _ he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.(2018镇江高三上期末,32) A.if B.unless C.when D.since,答案,解析,解析句意为:人类无法发现新的海洋除非有看不见海岸的勇气。unless除非,故选B。,9.You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow _ you keep it tidy and clean.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,28) A.for fear that B.so that C.on condition that D.even if,解析句意为:你明天可以用这个房间举行俱乐部活动,条件是你得保持房间的整洁干净。for fear that担心,害怕,引导目的状语从句;so that为的是,因此,引导目的或结果状语从句;even if尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句。on condition that如果,在的条件下,引导条件状语从句,符合语境。故选C项。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.The majority of new businesses fail because,_ they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market,they usually lack the skills in sales,marketing,and administration. (2017苏锡常镇四市二模,28) A.now that B.even if C.as long as D.as though,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析句意为:大多数新兴企业倒闭是因为虽然它们有产品或服务填补市场空缺,但他们通常缺乏销售、营销和管理技巧。本题中的because引导原因状语从句,从句中还包含一个让步状语从句。now that既然,引导原因状语从句;as long as只有,引导条件状语从句;as though好像,常引导方式状语从句。even if即使,虽然,引导让步状语从句,符合语境,故选B项。,
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