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四、推理判断细节推断题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(20186月天津，B) When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the munity to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but Ill recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.” “Oh，stop.There it is！” The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.,“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？” he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place？” I asked，still confused.“Well，its our home.” My heart jolted(震颤).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”,“Theres some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there.” She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything. The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.,Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？” “Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.” “That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.Ive always wanted to thank you.”,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。如果你误把一户人家当成博物馆并且四处参观，会是怎样一种奇特的经历呢？本文中作者讲述了她的亲身体验。,41.What do we know about Marian McNay? A.She was a painter. B.She was a munity leader. C.She was a museum director. D.She was a journalist.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的watercolorist(水彩画家)可知，Marian McNay是一位painter(画家)。故答案为A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? A.She disliked people who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide.,解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tour guides got on my nerves.” (导游令我很烦)可知，“我”把那个人误认为是导游了。故答案为D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.,解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的still confused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案为A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,44.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words? A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing pared with the house. D.The event happening in the house was more significant.,解析推理判断题。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那户人家的一个孩子，她说“我”把她家误认为博物馆使她看到了它的美丽，由此可知，本文作者不是重点描述McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响，故答案为D “房子里发生的事更重要”。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,解析推理判断题。从最后一段中那个女士说的话“在你进来之前，我从未意识到我住的是个多么美丽的地方，我以前从未感到过幸运”可推知，人们往往会忽视自己周围事物的美。,45.What could we learn from the last paragraph? A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,名师点津,一、题型解读 细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。,该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现： 1.It can be inferred/concluded from the text that . 2.What can we infer/learn from.? 3.We can learn from the passage that . 4.The passage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that .,二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲 第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。 第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。 2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。,例如：【真题感悟】中的45题根据文章最后一段中的“Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美视而不见。 故选C。,随堂限时练,(2018河北区二模) “Can I see my baby？” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the babys hearing was perfect except his appearance. One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mothers arms，he cried out bitterly，“A boy，a big boy.called mea freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.,He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have been class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music. The boys father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated，” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then，“Youre going to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But its a secret.” said the father.,The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of successes.Later，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father，“but the agreement was that you are not to know.not yet.” The years kept the secret，but the day did eone of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mothers casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.,1.The story is mainly about . A.how a boy had new ears through an operation B.what a devoted parent privately did for the child C.how a disabled boy turned into a useful person D.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy,解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears”可知，母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。,2.From the first paragraph we know that the mother . A.was determined to donate her ears to perfect her son B.kept her husband unknown about the babys situation C.felt shocked and disappointed to see her new baby Dplained of her bad luck to have a disabled child,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“he cried out bitterly，A boy，a big boy.called me a freak”可知，有个大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能会使很多同学联想到那个男孩子没有耳朵，而将freak一词误理解为“长相丑陋”，下文中描述道“He grew up，handsome for his misfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因为没有耳朵在外形上与普通人不一样，因此我们猜测该词的含义为：strangely-shaped creature。,3.The underlined word “freak” in Paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to “ ”. A.slow-acting personB.ugly-looking child C.badly-behaved studentD.strangely-shaped creature,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。故选C。,4.What can be inferred from the passage? A.The agreement was between the donator and the family. B.The boy was so popular that he was made class president. C.Finally the boy came to know who the donator was. D.The mother donated her ears to her son after she died.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。,5.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading? A.Real love lies in what is done unknown rather than what is done known. B.It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul. C.True beauty lies only in the heart not in appearance. D.It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B (2018南开区一模) Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be：“to be happy”.Ed Deiner，an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy，paring levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.,Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”,So who are the worlds happiest people？It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.,“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves if they are doing what is fun or interesting.They bee unhappy when they cant do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied.” People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture，Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西班牙语的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.”,Ine also made a big difference to peoples happiness，but only at the lowest levels.Average ine earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average ines.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.,解析细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。,6.According to the passage，happy people enjoy the following benefits EXCEPT . A.a long marriage B.respect from others C.profession success D.better health,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.In Professor Deiners opinion， . A.Asians have a culture to enjoy individual happiness B.Westerners care more about mutual satisfaction than Asians C.Asians focus more on others respect and approval than Westerners D.Westerners value individual happiness as much as mutual satisfaction,解析推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.”可知，Deiner认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph? A.Attitude towards pride and shame results in Spanish happiness. B.Spanish people take too much pride in themselves. C.Hispanic cultures lay stress on pride and shame. D.If you are from Spain，you are the happiest.,解析推理判断题。第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱”。由此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以A项正确。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.In the last paragraph，the author seems to tell us . A.poor people enjoy the same happiness as millionaires B.the higher ine one gets，the happier life he lives C.average ine earners live the happiest life D.enough money can make us feel safe and happy,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判断题。最后一段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐一点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全感。”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以D项正确； 但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”混为一谈，所以B项错误。,6,7,8,9,10,10.The passage is mainly about . A.cultural differences in happiness B.the happiest culture C.reasons for happiness D.benefits of happiness,解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了令人快乐的原因，第一段中的“an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy”引出后文所有内容，可见文章重点是关于快乐原因的讨论，所以C项正确。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,
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