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Reading,Step Two顺畅衔接，营造亮点,第11讲引人入胜的开头与回味无穷的结尾,一、引人入胜的开头 开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解要谈什么，最好能立刻吸引读者的兴趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法： 1.书信的常用开头法开门见山法 (1)Im writing to invite you to see the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition. 我写信邀请你来看中国剪纸艺术展。(2017全国) (2)I am writing to tell you some good news. 我写信告诉你一些好消息。(2017全国),2.记叙文的常用开头法 (1)故事背景法交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等 A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 地球日前的一周我们学校贴了很多海报，号召我们加入到绿化地球的行动中。 (2016北京),(2)往事追忆法回忆过去发生的某件事 I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago，when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. 我仍旧记得三年前我进入这所学校的第一天，当我发现在第一节英语课上很难跟上老师的节奏时是多么紧张。 3.说明文的常用开头法 (1)点明中心法开门见山点明所要介绍的事物 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to municate with a puter. 鼠标是人们用电脑交流时使用的一种非常有效的设备。,(2)引入数据法运用数据引出所要论证的主题 A recent study shows that more than 40% of the school kids dont have breakfast. 最近的研究表明，有超过40%的学生不吃早饭。 4.议论文的常用开头法 (1)点明主题法提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明或论述的主题 Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，of which teamwork is the most important for me. 多年的学校生活教会我很多东西，其中团队协作对于我来说最为重要。,(2)引用名言法摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头 When it es to how to succeed，many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will，there is a way.” 当谈及如何成功时，很多人或许会想起谚语“有志者，事竟成”。 (3)列举实例法通过一个实例或现象引出话题 Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. 三年前我在人生的一次重要考试中失利，成为普通学校的一名学生。,5.图画作文的常用开头法 描述图画法描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫 What is illustrated in the picture is that parents expect too much from their child and try every means to encourage her to work harder.However，the daughter feels unhappy，or rather more stressed. 图画里描述的是父母对孩子怀有很高的期望，想尽一切办法鼓励她更加努力学习。然而，女儿感到伤心，更确切地说，压力更大了。,即时训练1翻译下列经常用作开头的句子 1.毕业终于来到了。我和同学们决定做些事情。(2017北京) _ 2.我写信是要详细告诉你关于我的情况。(2017天津) _ 3.人们普遍认为，吸烟对健康有害。 _ 4.俗话说，“岁月不等人。” _ 5.每当我看到这张照片，我就会想起我的童年。 _,查看答案,Graduationfinallycame.MyclassmatesandIdecidedtodosomething.,Iamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyselfindetail.,Itisgenerallybelievedthatsmokingdoesharmtoourhealth.,Asayinggoeslikethat“Timeandtidewaitfornoman.”,EverytimeIseethephoto，Iwillthinkofmychildhood.,二、回味无穷的结尾 结尾有概括全文内容，进一步强调中心思想、升华主题的作用。主要有以下写法： 1.书信的常用结尾法 (1)表示感谢法 Ill appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. 如果您尽早给我回信，我会非常感谢。(2017全国) Id appreciate it if you could do me a favor. 如果你能帮助我，我将非常感激。(2016全国) I must thank you again for your generous help. 我必须对你慷慨的帮助再次表示感谢。,(2)表示期待法 Hope youll have a good time in China. 希望你在中国玩得快乐。(2017北京) Looking forward to your reply. 期待着您的回复。(2017全国) I hope well get together again next year. 希望明年再聚。(2016天津),2.记叙文的常用结尾法 (1)主题升华法 My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are. 我的经历告诉我：决定你成为什么样的人的不是你被给予了什么，而是你怎样利用它。 (2)问题设问法通过问答形式总结全文 Isnt it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading? 你在阅读时，内心非常平静不是一种快乐吗？,3.说明文的常用结尾法 总结全文法总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征 In a word，changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and fort. 总之，过去20年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。 4.议论文的常用结尾法 (1)得出结论法结尾总结全文，得出结论 Therefore，the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. 因此，电影业应该付出更大努力来吸引更多观众。(2017江苏),(2)深化中心法结尾进一步深化主题 In reality，we should learn from the black pencil：not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 事实上，我们应该向这支黑色铅笔学习：只要我们对自己做过的事情有信心，就不要去介意别人说什么。 (3)提出建议法结尾提出建议以及应对措施 I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places.Only in this way can we live in more fortable and beautiful surroundings. 我认为，我们都应该注意自己在公共场合的行为。只有这样我们才能生活在更舒服和美丽的环境中。,(4)引用名言法结尾用名言总结全文 Anyhow，different cultures，different customs.If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”，you will enjoy more your stay here. 不管怎么说，不同的文化就有不同的习俗。如果你“入乡随俗”，你就会更好地享受这里的生活。 (5)照应开头法结尾对开头进行照应 Different ways of traveling can make people happy，but I like traveling by train most. 不同的旅行方式都能让人愉快，但是我最喜欢乘火车旅行。,即时训练2翻译下列经常用作结尾的句子 1.我认为夏天一定比其他三个季节更有趣，我最喜欢夏天。(2016四川) _ 2.我知道怎样实现成功。成功来自于好的计划和更好的行动相结合。(2016浙江) _ 3.因此，我对网上投票持积极态度。(2016江苏) _ 4.希望今年夏天在训练营见到你。(2015北京) _,查看答案,Ithinksummeriscertainlymorefunthantheotherthreeseasons.Ilikesummerbest.,IknowhowIachievedmysuccess.Itcamefromgoodplanningandbetterdoingbined.,Therefore，Iholdapositiveattitudetowardsonlinevoting.,Hopetomeetyouatthetrainingcampthissummer.,.根据要求，为下面的话题写作设计一个开头段 假设你是李华，你的学校校报新开设的栏目My Favorite Chinese Traditional Festival开展征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文并投稿。 (1)开门见山式： _ (2)概括式： _,Of all the Chinese traditional festivals，I like MidAutumn Festival best. /There are a lot of traditional festivals in China，of which I like Mid-Autumn Festival best.,Chinese people have been celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival for centuries and I like it best.,综合演练,ZONGHEYANLIAN,查看答案,.根据要求及首段内容，为下面的话题设计一个结尾段 假如你是李华，你有一种超能力，那么你将用它来做什么呢？ 请用英语写一篇短文，说一下你的打算。 I have been dreaming of having a superpower since my childhood. _ (1)首尾呼应式： _ (2)画龙点睛式： _,查看答案,How I wish I would really have such a superpower.,If I had such a superpower，I would do more to help the people on the earth live happily.,.写作练习 假设你是李华，你的好友Peter今天上午来你家找你陪他练习汉语口语。你因临时有急事外出，没有赴约。请根据以上情景，给Peter写一封信。内容如下： 1.表示歉意； 2.解释具体原因，并希望他能谅解； 3.告诉他下次练习的时间、地点及话题。,参考范文,Dear Peter， I am terribly sorry that I couldnt practice spoken Chinese with you this time.I should have told you in advance，but something happened beyond my expectation.My teacher called me to send his puter to his office.Unfortunately，my mobile phone got a flat battery after I received the call.Worst of all，I was caught in a traffic jam on my way back. Next Saturday afternoon，Id like to meet you at three oclock at the gate in the park near our school.We will talk about Chinese table manners.If possible，would you please be familiar with the topic before our practice? Once again，Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.Hope to see you soon. Yours， Li Hua,
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