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Module8MyfuturelifeUnit3Languageinuse【学习目标】识记并运用本模块的单词，短语和句型能运用宾语从句和定语从句描述本模块的话题【学习重难点】宾语从句和定语从句【学习过程】step1小组听写本模块单词_step2小组听写本模块短语_step3小组听写本模块重点句子_Step4做课本练习activity4和activity5Step5宾语从句讲解：宾语从句的概念宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。e.g.WeknowMr.GreenteachesEnglish.宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）;语序;时态重难点掌握引导词1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1）Ihear(that)youpassedtheexam.1/92）Hesaid(that)hisfatherwasasinger.3）Theteachertoldus(that)thesunrisesintheeast.2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（重点掌握）if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。1）.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifheisright.2）.Iaskhimwhether/ifhelikesme_.3只能用whether不能用if的情况1）在介词后面：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2）在动词不定式前：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3）当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4）宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.4.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。1）Heaskedwhothemanis.2）Doyouknowwhosebookitis?3）Heaskedwhathecoulddoforthat.4）Doyouknowwhichansweristhebest?5）Pleasetellmewheretherightwayis.6）Canyoutellmehowwecangetthere?7）Couldyoutellmewhenweshouldmeet?语序：陈述句语序即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Doyouremember(他多大岁数)?2/9当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Whatswrong?/Whatsthematter?/Whatshappening?/Whathappened?e.g.:Idontknowwhatthematteris.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?时态：主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Hewilltellusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.Theyaresayingthattheyreallylikethiscity.主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。Katesaidtherewasaboxunderthedesk.Theyaskedwhathewasdoingthen.SheaskedwhetherIhadseenherbefore.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.【Exercise1】TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.HesaidHesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.Light(光)goesfasterthansoundMyteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansoundTherewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknow_there_ameetinginfivedays.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_French.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_inthepicture?3/9【Exercise2】填空：Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound(travel)Step6定语从句的讲解：定语从句及相关术语定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1），引导定语从句。2），代替先行词。3），在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导的定语从句who指人，在从句中做主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriendwhich指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导4/9Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouaskedWellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked注意：1含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend(T)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebadTherearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答介词+关系代词类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.AthatBwhoCfromwhomDtowhom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语turntosbforhelp(向某人求助）。所以，D是正确选项。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.5/9非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?ThereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworldAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoAnymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.2当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned5.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoWangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/6.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?7.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时6/9Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?关系代词as和which引导的定语从句1.as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用whichTomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.3当先行次受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。Thewayinwhich/that/./Heansweredthequestionwassurprising.定语从句专练习1Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.AWhichBwhereCwhatDinwhich2Doyouknowtheman_?7/9AwhomIspokeBtowhospokeCIspoketoDthatIspoke3Thisisthehotel_lastmonth.AwhichtheystayedBatthattheystayedCwheretheystayedatDwheretheystayedDoyouknowtheyear_theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?AwhichBthatCwhenDonwhichThatistheday_Illneverforget.AwhichBonwhichCinwhichDwhenThefactory_wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.AwhereBtowhichCwhichDinwhichGreatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_weareworking.AwhereBthatCwhichDthereThisisoneofthebestfilms_.AthathavebeenshownthisyearBthathaveshownCthathasbeenshownthisyearDthatyoutalkedCanyoulendmethebook_theotherday?AaboutwhichyoutalkedBwhichyoutalkedCaboutthatyoutalkedDthatyoutalkedThepen_heiswritingismine.AwithwhichBinwhichConwhichDbywhichTheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof_satasmallboy.AwhomBwhoCwhichDthatTheengineer_myfatherworksisabout50yearsoldAtowhomBonwhomCwithwhichDwithwhomItthereanyoneinyourclass_familyisinthecountry?AwhoBwhosCwhichDwhoseIminterestedin_youhavesaidAallthatBallwhatCthatDwhich15Iwanttousethesamedictionary_wasusedyesterday.AwhichBwhoCwhatDasHeisntsuchaman_heusedtobe.AwhoBwhomCthatDasHeisgoodatEnglish,_weallknow.8/9AthatBasCwhomDwhatLiMing,_totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.IwentwithBwithwhomIwentCwithwhoIwentDIwentwithhim19Idontlike_asyoureadAthenovelsBthesuchnovelsCsuchnovelsDsamenovelsHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhat9/9
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