名词性从句THURSDAY.ppt

名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查。,名词性从句,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 种类,考点,名从语序问题 that与what区别 it作形式主语和形式宾语 whether和if 的区别 “疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”的区别,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.(不仅引导句子,且在句中担任状语),When the test will be given is not yet decided. How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whosever, which, whichever 等.(不仅引导句子,且担任主,宾,表,定语成分),What he is has nothing to do with you. Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,一、主语从句,连词that(无词义, 不作成分, 不能省略);whether(是否), if 不可 That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由_ 引导; 没决定的事由_ 引导.,that,whether,主语从句的主谓一致,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. That they will come is certain.,2.由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished. Who is going there has been decided.,3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表 语的单复数决定. What he wants are these books. What he wants is some water.,二. 宾语从句,1. 由连词that 引导, that无意义，常省略,We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon.,注(1)that引导的并列的宾语从句,只有第一个that可以省略,He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,(2)当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不能省略。,We consider it possible that he is ill. I feel it a pity that she cant come. I heard it said that he had gone to Australia. He made it clear that he objected to the plan.,(动词,介词,(wh-)形容词),it 做形式宾语时 that 宾语从句中, that 不可省. We all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow. (4)宾语从句中主语是非谓语动词或主从时, that 不可省. I m satisfied that what you have done is right. He doesnt believe that getting up early is a good habit. (5) 有些动词或短语带宾从需要在从句前加 it , hate ,refuse, like, take, see to ,(make sure) depend on ,want 等. I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. She will see to it that your problem gets settled. You may depend on it that I shall always help you.,2. 用Whether 和if引导，表“是否” Whether 能引导所有名词性从句，而且既可以和or not 连用，也可以分开来用； if只能引导宾语从句，而且不能和or not连用,但可以分开来用。 I dont know whether or not he will come. I dont know if or not he will come.() I dont know whether / if he will come or not., 只能用whether的情况,1. 介词后的宾从 Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 2. 直接和or not连用时 I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 复合不定式 ( whether to do ) Tell us whether to go or stay here. 4. 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句,1.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,本课重点（一）,4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. 归纳:,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if ； b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whether,whether,whether,If,宾语从句的否定转移,在think，believe，suppose，expect等表示认为,相信,猜测的动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词变为否定形式。 但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下. 1. I dont suppose he cares, _ he? 2. I dont think you have met before, _ you ? 3. I thought you would not come, so I went there by myself.（一般过去时）,have,does,三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但： 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句,而 look则不可. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,四. 同位语从句,用以说明抽象名词的具体内容，同位语从句一般跟在fact,news,promise,truth,belief, thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion 等名词后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词.,注意: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 作从句的主语或宾语.,1）He told me the news that our team won the match. 2）He told me the news that was very exciting. 3）We are interested in the plan that an overpass will be built in front of our school. 4）We are interested in the plan that he told us.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语 从句.,II 语序问题,1.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? (NMET1990) where Alice had put B. where did Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put,2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.(NMET2000) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,请你归纳,在名词性从句中，应用_语序。,陈述句,难点（二）What / whatever,who / whoever,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。 1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished. = Anyone who breaks the law . 2. whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. = No matter who breaks the law, .,引导主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句：,whoever=anyone who whomever=anyone whom whosever=anyone whose whatever=anything that whichever=anything that,引导状语从句：,whoever=no matter who whomever=no matter whom whosever=no matter whose whatever=no matter what whichever=no matter which,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is not important. 4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,what,whatever,who,whoever,5.Ill show you anything you want to see. Ill show you _ you want to see. 6.You may choose anyone who you like. You may choose _ you like. 7.No matter who he is , he must obey the law. _ he is , he must obey the law.,whatever,whoever/whomever,Whoever,1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of no matter who shares her interests.,2. No matter how much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. 3.He will believe whatever others say. 4.Whatever others say, he will believe it.,Ture or False,F,whoever,T,T,T,1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever,高考题,2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,