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Unit 3,A healthy life,知识清单,(一) 基本单词,1. _ vt. 滥用; 虐待 2. _ adj. 性的; 性别的 3. _ n. 压力 vt. 加压力于 4. _ n. 青少年 5. _ vt. 禁止, 取缔 6. _ adj. 入了迷的 7. _ adj. 无意识的,abuse,sexual,stress,adolescence,ban,addicted,automatic,8. _ adj. 欠款的; 到期的 9. _ adj. 精神的; 智力的 10. _ n. 结果; 效力,due,mental,effect,11. strengthen vt. _ 12. desperate adj. _ 13. disappointed adj. _ 14. ashamed adj. _ 15. illegal adj. _,加强; 巩固,不顾一切的; 绝望的,失望的; 沮丧的,感到惭愧的,不合法的; 非法的,16. survival n. _ 17. female adj. _ 18. prejudice n. _ 19. judgement n. _ 20. awkward adj. _,幸存者; 幸存,女(性)的; 雌性的,偏见; 成见,判断; 看法; 判决,局促不安的; 笨拙的,1. _ vt. 加强; 巩固; 使坚强 vi. 变强 _ adj. 强大的, 强壮的 _ n. 力量, 力气,strength,strong,(二) 派生单词,strengthen,2. _ adj. 入了迷的, 上了瘾的 _ v. 使沉溺, 热衷于 _ n. 热衷, 沉溺, 嗜好 _ 搭配沉溺于, 对有瘾,be addicted to/addict oneself to,addict,addiction,addicted,3. _ n. 结果; 效力 _ adj. 有效的 _ adv. 有效地 _ vt. 影响,effective,effectively,affect,effect,4. _ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 _ vt. 使失望; 使沮丧 _ adj. 令人失望的; 令人沮丧的 _ n. 失望; 沮丧,disappoint,disappointing,disappointment,disappointed,5. _ adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的 _ n. 羞耻; 惭愧; 遗憾的事情 _ adj. 可耻的; 惭愧的 _ adj. 无耻的; 不知羞耻的,shame,shameful,shameless,ashamed,6. _ n. 压力; 重音 vt. 加压力于 _ adj. 产生压力的; 紧张的 _ adj. 感到有压力的; 紧张的,stressful,stressed,stress,1. 节食, 控制饮食 _ 2. 冒险 _ 3. 习惯于某事 _ _ 4. 对上瘾 _ 5. 对造成损害 _,go / be on a diet,take risks / take a risk,be/bee accustomed to (doing) sth.,be addicted to,do damage to,(三) 短语,6. 形成习惯 _ _ 7. 列出 _ 8. 伸手去拿 _ 9. 被感染 _ _ 10. 处境危险 _,get into / form / develop the habit of .,make a list of,reach for,be / bee infected with / by,at risk,11. lead a healthy life _ 12. in spite of _ 13. give up _ 14. make a judgment _ 15. feel like doing _,过着健康的生活,尽管, 不顾, 不管,放弃,做出判断,想做某事,16. take seriously _ 17. ban sb. from doing sth. _ 18. be ashamed of _ _ 19. decide on _ 20. stand for _,认真对待,禁止某人做某事,对感到惭愧 或羞耻,对做出决定,代表,核心要点,1. abuse n. 滥用, 妄用; 虐待, 伤害; 辱骂 vt. 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂, 诋毁 【教材原句】 drug abuse 滥用药物,【拓展】 alcohol abuse 酗酒 abuse of power 职权的弊端,(一)单词,根据汉语意思补全下列句子。 1) 这个人滥用自己作为经理的职权, 给他的朋友们安排工作。 This man _ as manager by _. 2) 该组织对严重侵犯人权的行为负有责任。The organisation was responsible for _.,abused his position,giving jobs to his friends,serious human rights abuses,【拓展】 under the stress (of) 在压力下 play/place/put lay stress on sth. 强调某事物 stress the importance of 强调的重要性 stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的 stressed adj. 紧张的，感到有压力的,2. stress n. 压力; 重音；强调，重要性 vt. 强调；用重音读；（使）焦 虑不安，疲惫不堪（常与out连用）,根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1) 人在压力之下, 办事情就容易出差错。 Things can easily go wrong when people are _. 2) 我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。 I must _ we havent much time. 3) 在演讲中, 他特别强调了出版自由。 During his speech, he _ _ the freedom of the press.,under stress,stress that,put/placed/laid,particular stress on,3. ban vt. 禁止; 取缔 n. 禁令; 谴责 后常接介词on 【教材原句】 Do you think smoking should be banned? 你认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？,【归纳】 ban sth. / ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人或某物做某事 a ban on sth. 对某事物的禁止令,ban sb. from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事(常用被动式) a ban on sb. /sth. 禁止某人或某事物,根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。 1) The man _ _ (被禁止离开法国). 2) _ _ (应 该禁止大声说话) in the library.,was banned from leaving,There should be a ban on talking loudly/ Talking loudly should be banned,France,4. due adj. 欠款的; 预定的; 到期的 【教材原句】 I think long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛, 要归功于我的健康生活。,【拓展】 be due to do sth. 预期做某事, 预定要做某事 be due to sth. / doing sth. / sb. 归因于某事/做某事应支付 be due for sth. 应有; 应得到,将下列句子翻译成英语。 1) 多数问题是人为错误造成的。 2) 罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。,Most of the problems were due to human error.,Rose is due to start school in January.,5. addicted adj. 入了迷的; 上了瘾的 【教材原句】 You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. 你知道, 当我还是一个十几岁孩子的时候, 我也吸过烟, 而且还上了瘾。,【拓展】 be / bee addicted to 沉溺于, 醉心于 addict oneself to 使自己沉溺于、醉心于 addiction n. 入迷; 上瘾,【拓展】 quit doing sth. 放弃/停止干某事 quit office 离职 quit school 退学 quit ones hometown 离开家乡 be quit of 摆脱, 脱离, 免除,6. quit vi. 离开; 辞职; 停止 vt. 离开; 放弃, 解除; 停止 【教材原句】 I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. 我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的, 因此, 要戒烟就很难。,【拓展】 have an/little/no effect on 对有/几乎没有/无影响 put/bring sth. into effect 实施, 实行, 使生效,7. effect n. 结果; 效力 【教材原句】 When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年轻的时候, 关于吸烟的危害性我知 道得并不多。,e into effect / take effect 生效; 开始实施 in effect 实际上，事实上；在实施中，有效 side effect 副作用 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。 1) What I said _ (对他没有作用). 2) The new tax law will _ (开始实施) next year.,had no effect on him,e/go into effect,【拓展】 be ashamed of 因而感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事 be ashamed that . 对惭愧 be ashamed of doing sth. 做某事感到惭愧 be ashamed of sth. 对感到惭愧,8. ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的 【教材原句】 If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. 如果你因意志衰弱而又 抽烟了, 也不要觉得难为情。,根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。 1) 他耻于承认他犯的错误。(be ashamed to do sth.) 2) 我真惭愧我对她撒谎了。(be ashamed that .),He was ashamed to admit (to) his mistake.,Im ashamed that I lied to her.,3) 他对自己只做了这么一点儿工作感到惭愧。(be ashamed of doing sth.) 4) 她对自己在聚会上的表现深感惭愧。(be ashamed of sth.),He was ashamed of having done so little work.,She was deeply ashamed of her behavior at the party.,1. be/bee/get accustomed to (doing) sth. 变得习惯 【教材原句】 This means that after a while your body bees accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就是说, 过一段时间以后, 你的身体习惯了 香烟里的尼古丁。,【联想】 be/ bee/ get used to (doing) sth. 变得习惯 get adapted to 习惯于,(二)短语,2. feel like (doing) sth. 想要 / 喜欢(做)某事物 【教材原句】 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 每当你想要吸烟的时候, 你就提醒你自 己, 你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。,【归纳】 feel like (doing)后跟名词或动词-ing形式; 也可意为“摸起来像、像是 ”。 【拓展】 would like也可表示“想要”, 后跟名词 或动词不定式。,根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。 1) My foreign friends _ _ (想吃一些饺子). 2) The old couple _ _ (愿意去散步) after dinner. 3) Im holding something _ (摸起来像是土豆).,feel like / would like,feel like going out for a,that feels like a potato,some dumplings,walk/would like to go out for a walk,3. in spite of 不顾; 不管 【教材原句】 In spite of all his efforts he failed. 尽管他很努力但却失败了。,【拓展】 despite prep. 尽管 in spite of / despite the fact that although / though从句 不管; 尽管 in spite of oneself 不由自主地 regardless of 不管, 不顾,根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。 They set out in the morning _ (不顾大雨).,in spite of the heavy rain,4. take risks (a risk) 冒险 【教材原句】 He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks. 他认为, 他必须下决心走好每一步, 而不 是去冒险。,【拓展】 at risk to sb. / sth. 冒失去或殃及的危险 at all risks / at any risk 无论冒什么危险; 无论如何 at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险 run the risk of doing sth. 冒做某事的危险 / 风险; 冒险做某事 risk doing sth. 冒做某事的风险; 冒险做某事,根据中英文提示完成下列句子。 1) 他冒着自己的生命危险救了我的命。 He saved my life _ his own. 2) 他不愿意冒丧失金钱的风险。 He is not willing to _ losing his money. 3) 他们准备冒险独自去旅行。 They are prepared to _ on their own.,at the risk of,run/take the risk of,risk traveling,5. get into 陷入; 染上(坏习惯); (尤指费力 地)穿上; 开始从事; 参与, 开 始(某事) 【教材原句】 Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place. 当然对付这些毒品最好的办法是首先不要 养成这一习惯。,【联想】 get rid of 摆脱, 逃离 get away from 从中逃脱 get out of 从中出来 get outside of 到外面去,翻译下列句子。 1) I cant get into these shoes theyre too small. 2) He wouldnt take advice, and now he has got into difficulties. 3) Dont let yourself get into bad habits.,这双鞋太小, 我穿不进去。,他不听忠告, 结果现在陷入困境。,别让自己染上恶习。,(三)句式,1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 感到惊奇吧, 像我这样的年纪, 身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。 “it seems . that .”句式中, it是形式主语, that引导的名词性从句作真正的主语。该句型使句子成分平衡, 结构美观。,2. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew that it was time to quit smoking. 当我因为不健康而被学校足球队除名之 后, 我才知道是我该戒烟的时候了。 “it was time to do sth.” 句式表示“是时候 该做某事了”, 其中, it是形式主语, 不定 式短语作真正的主语。当真正的主语为 从句时, 常用虚拟语气。,3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker. 每当你想要吸烟的时候, 你就提醒你自 己, 你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。 every time (每次)起连词的作用, 引导 时间状语从句。其作用相当于从属连词 when或once。,“it”的用法(一) 用作人称代词, 指代上文提到的事物、动物、性别不明或没必要知道性别的人。如： I cant find my pen. It was on my desk a minute ago. Mary has got a dog; she has had it for five months. The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night.,(四)语法,用作非人称代词, 用来指代天气、距离、时间等。如： It was raining this morning. Its two miles to the beach. Its a long time since they left. 用作引导词 1. 用作形式主语, 真正的主语为不定式短语、 动词-ing形式短语或名词性从句。如： It is impolite to talk loudly in public places. It was pleasant and fortable sitting there. It seems that we are not wele here.,2. 用作形式宾语, 真正的宾语为不定式短 语、 动词-ing形式短语或名词性从句。如： I find it hard to give a speech in public. I think it no good learning without practice. We found it astonishing that he gave up the opportunity to go abroad.,根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。 1. _ (天气很暖和) at the moment. 2. _ (我觉得奇怪) that Jennifer doesnt want to travel. 3. John said _ _ (继续这个实验是很重要的).,Its quite warm,I find it strange,its important to continue with,the experiment,4. Her babys due next month. She hopes _ (是个男孩). 5. Dont you think _ (与吉姆争论是没有用的)?,it will be a boy,it is no use arguing with Jim,如何写劝告信 【写作任务】 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Smith染上抽烟的陋习不能自拔。请你给他写一封信，告诉他吸烟的危害并提出你的建议，帮助他尽快戒烟。 注意：词数100左右。,(五)写作,Dear Smith, _ _ _ _ Yours sincerely, Li Hua,【写作指导】 这是一封劝告信。劝告信是书信的一种，主要目的是改变别人的观点。 除了遵循书信写作的一般格式外，劝告信的主体内容通常采用如下写作方法： 首先，开门见山，直入主题。在正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高写作的针对性。 然后，给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。,在陈述理由时要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。尽可能用事实说话，以增强说服力。 最后，给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。 注意：语气要得当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。 就本篇习作而言，我们可按以下步骤来写： 第一段：表明写作意图；第二段：陈述希望对方戒烟的理由；第三段：就如何戒烟提出自己的建议；第四段：希望对方采纳自己的建议。,【常用表达】 Im sorry to hear that . Im writing to suggest / persuade you . I would like to suggest that . I think it would be more beneficial if you . I know its difficult to ., but . The following suggestions might help you . In my opinion, it would be wise to take the following action. As to ., I suggest that you should .,I hope you will take my advice into account / consideration. I hope you will find these suggestions practical / useful / helpful. Please let me know without hesitation if you need any help.,【参考范文】 Dear Smith, Im sorry to hear that you have got into the habit of smoking. Im writing to suggest you quit. First, smoking can make you ill later in life. Second, it causes terrible smells. I know its difficult to stop smoking, but the following suggestions might help you. First, make a list of the harmful effects of smoking and the benefits you get from quitting. Keep the list with you and reread it when you feel like smoking.,Second, do something else to keep busy, such as exercising. Third, visit your friends often. They may help you strengthen your resolve. I hope you will take my advice into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua,高考链接,1. (2011四川) Lydia doesnt feel like _ (study) abroad. Her parents are old. 答案：studying 本题考查非谓语动词的固定搭配feel like doing sth.在具体语境中的运用。 句意：莉蒂亚不想出国学习, 因为她的父母都上年纪了。,2. (2014江西改编) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth. 答案：despite 考查介词用法。 句意：真是令人难以置信, 卢卡斯先生尽管很富有但还过着简朴的生活。despite尽管(in spite of), 符合题意。,3. (2012江西改编) Ive got _ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. 答案：into 句意：我养成了在放学回家的路上看望爷爷奶奶的习惯。 get into“养成(习惯), 染上(毛病)”。,4. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to not _ (talk) at meals. 答案：talking be accustomed to“习惯, 适应”, to为介词, 后接动名词作宾语。 答句句意：他们习惯了在吃饭的时候不说话。,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. Those children were so _ (fit) that they were unable to do even basic exercises. 2. Join now and you will _ (automatic) receive 50% off your first purchase. 3. It is _ (legal) to drive a car that is not taxed and insured. So please never do it. 4. The long climb left Jan feeling _ (breath) and weak. 5. In this town, the serving of _ (alcohol) drinks was forbidden after six oclock.,unfit,illegal,breathless,alcoholic,automatically,6. The university hopes to _ (strength) its ties with the local munity. 7. Its going to be a tough petition but Im _ (mental) prepared for it. 8. Its too soon to make a(n) _ (judge) about what the oute will be. 9. The main threat to the _ (survive) of these creatures es from their loss of habitat. 10. Im _ (disappoint) in you I really thought I could trust you!,strengthen,judgement,disappointed,survival,mentally,II. 用适当的介词填空。 1. After about three months, I was no longer addicted _ nicotine. 2. The children got _ the bad habit of switching on the television as soon as they came back from school. 3. Oh, _ the way, if you see Jackie, tell her Ill call her this evening. 4. We decided _ Spain as our vacation destination this year.,to,into,by,on,5. He had bee accustomed _ living without electricity, and missed it very little. 6. Instead _ going to work thinking that it will be totally boring, try to be positive.,to,of,III. 用it或there填空。 1. _ is a meeting this evening. _ will start at seven. 2. _ occurred to me that we might visit them while we are in South Africa. 3. _ is nothing for the children to do in the village. 4. _ can be hard work looking after young children. 5. _ has been an accident. I hope no one is hurt.,There,It,It,It,There,There,6. _ is very warm in here. Can we open a window? 7. _ is obvious that she doesnt understand spoken English. 8. _ is red wine or white. Which would you prefer? 9. I find _ amazing that theyve never stopped arguing about football.,It,It,There,it,阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 We all want to be 1. _ (health) but sometimes we can be too concerned about our health. Many of us 2. _ (experience) unexplained symptoms, a spot or a headache, and thought it might be something more serious. Often a brief visit to a doctor, though, is enough to convince us to quit 3. _ (worry).,healthy,have experienced,worrying,Hypochondriacs (疑病症患者), however, are very different from people who are 4. _ (simple) concerned about their health. In spite of 5. _ doctors may tell them, they will continue to believe their health or even their lives are 6. _ risk and get angry if doctors disagree. They demand tests and often see other doctors when they are told there is 7. _ wrong with them.,simply,what,at,nothing,Hypochondriacs also spend enormous 8. _ (amount) of money on medicines and treatments. At one time they were considered a doctors nightmare (噩梦), especially if there was a roomful of patients with real illnesses waiting 9. _ (treat). But attitudes are changing and it is now being seen as a real illness, a kind of anxiety disorder. Due to their frequent focus on new diseases and patients, the TV and Internet do not help.,amounts,to be treated,Neither does the usual advice 10. _ es at the end of such stories: “If symptoms continue, consult your doctor.” Because, when it es to a hypochondriac, they will.,which,
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