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Unit 2 Robots,知识归纳,知识清单,1. _ n. 天才; 特殊能力; 才干 2. _ vt. 细看; 仔细检查; 粗略地 看; 浏览; 扫描 3. _ n. 超重的; 体重超常的 4. _ n. 渴望; 欲望; 渴求 vt. 希望得到; 想要 5. _ adj. 优雅的; 高雅的; 讲究 的 6. _ n. 额外津贴; 奖金; 红利,talent,scan,overweight,desire,elegant,bonus,(一) 基本单词,7. _ adj. 较年幼的; 资历较浅 的; 地位较低的 n. 年少者; 晚辈; 等级较 低者 8. _ adj. 兼职的 9. _ vt. 陪伴, 伴奏 10. _ adj. 极坏的; 极讨厌的; 可 怕的; (口语)糟透的 11. _ n. 事务; 事情; 暧昧关系 12. _ n. 围裙,junior,part-time,acpany,awful,affair,apron,13. _ vt. 宣布; 声明; 表明; 宣称 14. _ vt. 忌妒; 羡慕 15. _ adj. 理论(上)的; 假设的 16. _ n. 全体员工; 手杖 17. _ n. (由他人撰写的)传纪; 传记文学 18. _ n. 思想; 思考 19. _ n. (书中的)章; 篇; 回 20. _ n. 离婚; 断绝关系 vt. 与离婚; 与脱离,declare,envy,theoretical,staff,biography,thinking,chapter,divorce,21. _ n. 喜爱; 爱; 感情 22. _ n. 小说; 虚构或想象出来 的事 23. _ n. 喜爱; 恩惠 vt. 喜爱; 偏袒 24. _ n. 堆; 摞; 叠 vi. 堆起; 堆积 vt. 把堆起; 积聚 25. _ adj. 荒谬的; 可笑的 26. _ n. (坐、跪时用的)软 垫; 靠垫; 垫子,affection,fiction,favour,pile,absurd,cushion,27. _ n. 烹饪(风味); 菜肴 28. _ adj. 数字的; 数码的; 手 指的; 脚趾的 29. _ adv. 在一边; 向一边 30. _ adj. 大的; 豪华的; 雄伟的 31. _ adj. 一定的; 密切相关的 32. _ adj. 神的; 上帝的; 圣洁的 33. _ n. 生物化学 34. _ n. 评价; 评定,cuisine,digital,aside,grand,bound,holy,biochemistry,assessment,35. _ vt. 使警觉; 使惊恐; 惊动 n. 警报; 惊恐 _ adj. 担心的; 害怕的 36. _ vt. 使满意,alarm,alarmed,obey,disobey,satisfaction,satisfy,satisfied,satisfying,satisfactory,(二) 派生单词,38. _ n. 同情(心); 支持; 赞 同 _ adj. 同情的; 出于 同情的 _ v. 同情; 赞同; 支持,sympathy,sympathetic,sympathize,1. _ 考验出; 检验完 2. _ 给打电话 3. _ 转身; 翻转 4. _ 不管; 别惹; 让一个 人待着; 和单独在一起 5. _ 将放在一边; 为节 省或保留(钱或时间) 6. _ 一共; 总计 7. _ 一定做,test out,ring up,turn around,leave alone,set aside,in all,be bound to,(三) 短 语,She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.,结构分析: 句中cried out和heard是主句中的并列谓语。that. and that. 是两个并列的从句, 作declare的宾语。,(四) 句式,核心要点,1. desire n. 渴望; 欲望; 渴求 vt. 希望得到; 想要 Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires? （课文原句） 你认为一个机器人可能会有它自己的需要和渴望吗？,单词,【归纳】 desire作名词, 后常接介词短语、动词不定式或that从句(谓语常用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略)。 desire作动词, 后常接名词、代词、动词不定式、复合结构或that从句(谓语常用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略)。,【运用】用适当的介词填空， (1) They seem to have lost their desire _ life. (2) I had a strong desire _ help and care for people. (3) Tom desired _ return to his homeland.,for,to,to,2. favour/favor n. 喜爱; 恩惠 vt. 喜爱; 偏袒 As a favor Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. （课文原句） 托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得漂亮，使她的家变得高雅大方。,【归纳】 in favor of=in support of 赞成; 支持 do sb. a favor 给某人以恩惠; 帮某人一个忙 ask sb. a favour =ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙 in sb.s favour 对某人有利 favor A over B=prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B,【拓展】 favorable adj. 赞成的, 同意的, 令人高兴的, 肯定的 倾向于支持(某人/物)的, 有帮助的, 合适的,【运用】 1) 请你帮我拿一下行李好吗？ Could you please _ to take the baggage? 2) 就我个人来说, 我赞成前面一种看法。 Personally, I am _ the former view. 3) 中国的父母们历来重男轻女。 Chinese parents traditionally _ _. 4) 我想请你帮个忙。 I want to ask a favour _ you.,do me a favor,in favor of,over girls,of,favor boys,3. acpany vt. 陪伴; 伴奏 As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. （课文原句） 因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。,【归纳】 acpany sb. (at/on sth.) (尤指用钢琴)为伴凑 【运用】 她头一次出门, 我想送她一程。 It is her first time to go on a long journey; _ a short distance. 这位歌手由她的姐姐为她钢琴伴奏。 The singer was _ the piano by her sister.,Id like to acpany her,acpanied on,4. declare vt. 宣布; 声明; 表明; 宣称 She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. （课文原句） 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。,【归纳】 declare that 公布; 宣告; 表明; 宣称 declare against sb./ sth. 声明反对; 表示不赞成 declare for sb./ sth. 声明支持; 表示赞成,【运用】 他声称自己是无罪的(innocent)。 He declared _. 人民声明反对这场战争。 The people declare _. Honored guests, now I _ _ (我宣布会议开始).,that he was innocent,conference open,against the war,declare the,5. junior adj. 较年幼的; 资历较浅的; 地位 较低的 n. 年少者; 晚辈; 等级较低者 In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years. （课文原句） 1942年，他在费城海军造船厂里担任初级化学师，干了三年。,【归纳】 be junior to sb. 比某人年少, 职位较低 beyears sb.s junior/ be sb.s junior (by) 小某人岁; 比某人小岁,6. talent n. 天才; 特殊能力; 才干 It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. （课文原句） 早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。,【归纳】 have a talent/gift for. 有才能/天赋 【拓展】 talented adj. 有才能的; 天才的 talented players/artists/youngsters 天才运动员/艺术家/神童,【运用】根据汉语意思, 完成英语句子。 王老师是一个才华横溢的人。 Mr. Wang is a man _. 那个女孩有音乐天赋。 The girl _ music.,has a talent for,of many talents,7. divorce n. 离婚; 断绝关系 vt. 与离婚; 与脱离 Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife. （课文原句） 1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了。但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。,【注】 正如表示“和某人结婚”, 不用marry with sb.一样, 表示“与某人离婚”, 也不说 divorce with sb.。因为marry和divorce本 身作及物动词, 本身就含“和结婚/离 婚”之意。,【运用】根据汉语意思, 完成英语句子。 两年前她同丈夫离婚了。 She _ her husband two years ago. 他们认为艺术应该与政治分开。 They believed that art should be _ politics.,divorced/got a divorce from,divorced from,8. obey vi. 顺从 A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings. （课文原句） 机器人必须服从由人类给予的指令。,【拓展】 disobey v. 不服从, 不顺从,【运用】根据汉语意思, 完成英语句子。 任何学生都必须遵守校规。 Any student should _ _. 他别无选择, 只有服从。 He had no choice _.,but to obey,obey the school,rules,1. test out 考验出; 检验完 It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire. （课文原句） 这项实验将有拉里的夫人克莱尔来尝试。,短语,【拓展】 work out 设计出; 计算出 take out 拿出; 取出 wear out 穿破; 耗尽; 使厌烦 e out 出来; 显露 set out 动身; 开始,【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 昨晚我叫他过来测试我的新电脑。 I asked him to _ _. 科学家靠实验检验理论。 Scientists _ by experiment.,test out my new puter,test out theories,last night,2. turn around 转身; 回转; 使(业务)好转 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. （课文原句） 她刚一转过去，就看到格拉迪斯克拉芬站在那儿。,【归纳】 turn in 归还; 上交; 去睡觉 turn up 调大(声音, 热度) turn down 调低(声音, 热度); 拒绝 turn on 开(电灯, 电视); 启动(汽车) turn off 关(自来水, 电灯) turn out 结果是; 成为 turn to 求助于; 翻到(书中某页),【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 我转过身去发现父亲站在那儿。 I _ and saw my father standing there. 在近三年里她已使公司的业务好转起来。 In the last 3 years she _ the pany _.,around,turned around,has turned,Tom had to_ the invitation to the party lastweekend because he was too busy. (2015，天津) A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to 【解析】 上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A. turn in 上交；B. turn down拒绝； C. turn over 移交；D. turn to求助。,3. leave . alone 不管; 别惹; 让一个 人待着; 和单独在一起 She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. （课文原句） 她高声嚷着：“让我自己呆一会！”就跑上床。,【归纳】 leave aside 搁置 leave behind 留下(不带走), 遗忘(没拿) leave for . 动身到, 出发去 leave off 停止 leave out 漏掉, 遗漏,【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. _, or youll be bitten by it. 别惹那只狗, 不然你会被它咬伤。 2. _. 我不想一个人待着。 3. She always tried to avoid being _ with Miss Anderson. 她总是试图避免与安德森小姐独处。,Leave that dog alone,I dont want to be left alone,left alone,4. set aside 把放在一边; 留出, 拨出 (金钱或时间) He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise. （课文原句） 当他的老板宣布他可以给训练留出时间时，他很高兴。,【归纳】 set about (doing) sth. 开始, 着手 set down 记下, 写下 set off 开始, 动身; (使)爆炸 set out (to do) 出发, 开始 set up 建立; 竖立, 升起,【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 那辆旧车已被搁置一旁不再使用了。 The old car _ and is out of use. 争取每天至少抽出一个小时来学习新词 汇。 Try to _ each day for learning new vocabulary.,has been set aside,set aside at least an hour,5. be bound to 有的义务, 一定 Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble? （课文原句） 谁说制作出一个和人类很相像的机器人就一定会引起麻烦？,【运用】根据据汉语意思完成英语句子。 大家应当遵守法律。 All _. Youve done so much work _ (你一定 能及格).,are bound to obey the laws,youre bound to pass the exam,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 She obtained great _ (satisfy) from helping other people. 2. A(n) _ (receive) was appointed by the court to handle the panys affairs.,receiver,satisfaction,3. If you continue to _ (obey) the rules, you will be punished. 4. The tests are supposed to provide a basis for the _ (assess) of children.,assessment,disobey,II. 用适当的介词或副词填空。 1. The Ferrari team wanted to test their new car _ on the racetrack. 2. The teacher has absolutely no sympathy _ students who get caught cheating in exams. 3. Why dont you ring _ Simon and ask him to the party?,up,out,for,4. The pany turned _ from losses of 1.4 million last year to profits of 26,800. 5. Try to set _ some time each day for exercise. 6. The author has a great affection _ his hometown. 7. Mozarts talent _ music showed at an early age.,for,around,aside,for,语法,语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,被动语态（一）,常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式：,动词不定式的被动语态：,1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式有两种：一般式的被动式：to be done；完成式的被动式：to have been done。 2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语及主语补足语。,e.g. 1. Its an honor to be invited to the ceremony. 2. This book is to be published next year. 3. Jennifer begged to be forgiven. 4. The airport to be pleted next month will help promote tourism in this city. 5. David was sent there to be trained for the space flight. 6. The woman doesnt want her son to be taken away. 7. The book was said to have been published before he passed away.,用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 I, who have a physical disability, have something to say. I dislike 1. _ (call) disabled. I have learned to live with my body and have adjusted my way of life. I know people are trying to help me, but I hope I can 2. _ (treat) as a normal person. I would like 3. _ (accept) for who I am. While I may not be able to walk, a lot of,to be accepted,being called,be treated,great things remain 4. _ (do) in my life. My dream is 5. _ (admit) to a top university. I love reading about young disabled people who have overe great difficulties. One of the most encouraging articles 6. _ (write) by a blind girl. She was said 7. _ (give) an award for young scientists. The circumstances of my life put me in a wheelchair, but I believe my potential will 8. _ (develop) and lead to success.,be developed,to be done,to be admitted,was written,to have been given,选择填空。 1. -Did you enjoy the party? -Yes, we _ by our hosts. (2015，北京) A. were treated B. would be treated. C. treated D. had treated 【解析】你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据did可知用一般过去时；we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。,2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by the two sides. (2015, 天津) A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 【解析】尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系。,3. To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (2015, 福建) A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen 【解析】让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式。,完成句子。 1. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ (reward) with success in the end.(2016, 北京) 【解析】学生们一直都很努力学习功课，最终回报他们努力的将是成功。一般将来时，their efforts 与reward构成被动。,will be rewarded,2. More efforts, as reported, _ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply- side structural reform. (2016, 江苏) 【解析】据报道，为了加速供给侧结构改革，在今后几年将做出更大的努力。in the years ahead可知动作发生在将来，more efforts与make为被动关系。,will be made,3. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides. (2015, 天津) 【解析】尽管之前进行了多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意见。so far可知应用现在完成时，agreement与谓语动词为被动关系。,has been reached,4. To my delight, I _ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (2015, 福建) 【解析】使我高兴的是，在数以百计的申请者中，我被选出来参加开幕式。I与choose为被动，本题介绍的是过去的一种情况用一般过去时的被动语态。,was chosen,5. Shakespeares play Hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. (2013, 北京) 【解析】在过去的数年里，莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。over the past years为现在完成时，play与make构成被动关系。,has been made,写作,【写作任务】 假设你是某国际中学的学生，学校正在举办家用机器人(household robot)设计大赛活动，请你展开合理想象，用英语写一篇文章，介绍你理想中未来的家用机器人，并发表到你校英语论坛上。 注意：词数120左右。,如何写想象类作文,【写作指导】 这是一篇想象类作文。想象类作文是一种创造性的写作，是开放式作文的一种。此类写作要注意以下几点： 一、想象既要新颖，有创造性，又要合情合理，符合生活的客观现实； 二、写作目的要明确，段落叙述始终围绕主题展开； 三、合理使用连接词，使文章衔接连贯。 针对这篇习作的主题，可以把全文分为三段： 第一段：开门见山，提出想象的话题未来的家用机器人； 第二段：描写未来家用机器人的特征及功能； 第三段：进行简要总结。,【常用表达】 What will . be like? Here is what I think about . It is different from . It is like . Its size / shape is . It has some unique characteristics/practical functions . I think it will be helpful / beneficial . It will make peoples life .,【参考范文】 What will the household robot in the future be like? Here is what I think about it. It will be no longer like a cold machine but like a human being with warm skin and changeable expressions. Its shape will be flexible. It has lots of practical functions. For instance, it can assist the owner in doing housework, such as cleaning the room,washing clothes or plates and cooking dinners. It can also work as a tutor or play with children. Whats more, it can sense the owners feelings. When the owner is upset, it can give him fort and advice. When the owner is lonely, it can keep him pany. In a word, the future household robot will make peoples life easier, happier and more colorful.,巩固练习,根据句意及所给提示，写出该单词的正 确形式（每空一词）。 1. The tests are supposed to provide a basis for the _ (评价) of children. 2. There is a strong d_ for peace among the people. 3. She obtained great _ (满足) from helping other people. 4. Thanks very much. Ill return the _ (恩惠) one day.,assessment,desire,satisfaction,favor,5. Snow has p_ up against the walls of the house. 6. Paulas parents _ (离婚) when she was only a child. 7. Im only a few kilos o_, but I just cant seem to lose them. 8. The president has sent a message of s_ to the relatives of the dead soldiers.,piled,divorced,overweight,sympathy,II.用适当的介词或副词填空。 1. Mozarts talent _ music showed at an early age. 2. The teacher has absolutely no sympathy _ students who get caught cheating in exams. 3. I rang the doctor _ and made an appointment.,for,for,up,4. The pany turned _ from losses of 1.4 million last year to profits of 26,800. 5. Try to set _ some time each day for exercise. 6. Alison and I had been at school together, and I felt great affection _ her. 7. _ all, there are over 120 languages spoken in the citys schools.,around,aside,for,In,III. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 Last summer our house was painted by me. The job took about two weeks. First, the exterior (外部) 1. _ (wash). Then all the cracks in the walls 2. _ (seal) with putty (腻子). After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could 3. _ (paint). I used a kind of paint that is easy to apply and clean up with water.,was washed,were sealed,be painted,A whole week 4. _ (need) to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color 5. _ (use) that was very close to the original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that a tall ladder was needed to do the second story.,was needed,was used,The paint can had to 6. _ (balance) on the ladder while I worked. When the job 7. _ (finish), even my dad said that a good job 8. _ (do).,be balanced,was finished,was done / had been done,. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 When hearing the word drone, people may think of the pilotless aircraft 1. _ (use) by the military rather than the small UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) flown 2. _ fun. The growth of the civilian market in this type of drone has been huge and millions 3. _ (expect) to be sold in the future.,used,for,are expected,4. _ is said that the drone industry could create over 100,000 jobs in the EU alone. However, one accident could turn all of that around. Current rules state drones should 5. _ (operate) in a way that causes no danger. Controllers must keep their drone in visual contact and not fly near airports or crowds of people without 6. _ (permit). But sometimes drone users dont obey the rules.,It,be operated,permission / being permitted,The number of near misses between passenger aircraft and drones at UK airports has been increasing 7. _ (recent). As a result, alarmed pilots have been calling for the development of technology to stop them 8. _ (fly) in areas where planes operate regularly and several UK panies have answered the call.,recently,flying,A UK designed Anti-UAV Defence System (Auds) 9. _ looks like a machine gun but fires radio waves is being tested 10. _ in the US. Its designers have declared that a short blast of energy at a drone from Auds is enough to put it out of action.,that/which,out,
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