Unit 1 school life 讲解与练习

难句分析 1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (P2)我在英国上了一年的中学，那是一段令我非常开心、非常兴奋的经历。【分析讲解】 本句是V-ing作主语，表示一般的行为。另外，动词不定式to do也可以用来作主语，表示具体的行为，通常表示将来的行为，但这种用法在非正式文体中很少见，常用it 作先行主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。如：Taking care of children is her full-time job. 照看孩子是她的专职工作。（一般行为）It is quite necessary to read this article many times. 多读几次这篇课文是完全必要的。（具体行为）动词不定式和V-ing作主语的这种区别也适用于作表语的情况。如：Her job is taking care of children.她的工作是照看小孩。（一般行为）Our plan is to finish the work in three months. 我们的计划是三个月后完成这项工作。（具体行为）【温馨提示】 课文中的“He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. (P2)” 这也是一个非常实用的句型哦，看看还能用在哪些情景中？2. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. （P2）我发现这里的家庭作业不像我在原来学校时那么繁重。 【分析讲解1】 句中what 起名词+关系代词的作用，意为the thing(s) which。如：What did your parents think about your decision? 你的父母对你的决定有什么看法？They always let me do what I think I should. 他们总是让我做我认为应该做的事。(2006 全国II)what 只用作名词性关系词；不能用作普通关系词，放在名词或代词的后面。如：I hope youre going to give me what I need. 我希望你能满足我的要求。We havent got everything that you ordered. 你要的，我们不是样样都有。（不能说： . everything what .）【分析讲解2】 本句中the homework was . school是主句谓语 动词found之宾语从句，从句时态与主句动词时态相呼应，用过去时态。如：We thought that Bob would win the first prize in the match. 我们原以为鲍勃会在比赛中得第一。Little Tommy told the schoolmaster what he had done.小汤米告诉了校长他自己所做的事。【温馨提示】 文中还有四处宾语从句结构，你能找到吗？词语点击 attend出席；到场（会议、讲座、课堂、教堂、仪式、学校等）。【例句】 The meeting was attended by 90% of the students. 90%的学生参加了这次会议。Our children attend the same school. 我们的孩子在同一所学校上学。【拓展】 attend to专心于；照料【例句】 Could you attend to this matter immediately？你能不能立刻处理这件事？Are you being attended to？有人接待您吗（如店员问顾客）？ join参加；加入。指参加某一组织、公司或俱乐部，成为其中一员。【例句】 Membership is free, so join today! 免交会费, 今天就参加吧!You can enjoy a sport without joining a club. 不加入俱乐部也能享受运动。【拓展】 join sb. 和某人一起做某事【例句】 Ask him to join us for lunch. 请他和我们一起吃午饭。 take part (in) 参加；参与。指参加短暂的活动，如比赛、运动会、游行等。【例句】 Jim saw the new boy watching the game and asked him to take part.吉姆看到新来的男孩一直看着，就邀请他一起玩。【小试】 请用以上单词或短语的适当形式填空。1. Will you _ the high jump at the coming sports meet?2. My sister wouldnt like to _ us in the game.3. Everyone likes the nurse who _ the patients carefully.4. Our class teacher will _ an important meeting this afternoon.5. My father _ the army in 1980 at the age of 18.Key: 1. take part in 2. join 3. attends to 4. attend 5. joined average adj. 平均的【例句】 The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18. 牛津上月的平均气温是18. 普通的; 平常的【例句】 An average bus is said to weigh seven tons. 据说一辆普通的公共汽车重达7吨。I was just an average sort of student. 我只是个普通学生。【联想】 n. 平均数【例句】 The average of 4, 8 and 60 is 24.4、8和60的平均数是24。 平均；平均水平【短语】 on average 平均地 above / below average 在平均水平之上/下【例句】 There are fifty students in each class on average. 每个班平均有50名学生。The class size in the school is below the national average. 这个学校的班级人数低于全国平均水平。【小试】 请猜猜average在下列句中的词性及含义。1. The average height of the basketball team is 1.8 meters.2. This years rainfall came close to the average.3. He is an average person, dont expect too much of him.Key: 1. adj. 平均的 2. n. 平均水平 3. adj. 普通的Prepare vt. 准备；预备。宾语可以为sth.或sb.【例句】 Working part-time can prepare the college students for a future career.打工为大学生将来的工作做好准备。 vi. 为而做准备。通常与介词for连用。【例句】 Will you help me prepare for the old classmates get-together? 你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会做好准备工作？【派生】 preparation n. 准备prepared adj. 准备好的【例句】 She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切.【小试】 请用以上词的适当形式填空。1. They are _ the assembly which will be held this Friday.2. My mother _ lunch at eleven oclock yesterday morning.3. The students are busy with the _ for the final exam.4. We will be better _ next time.Key: 1. preparing for 2. was preparing 3. preparation 4. prepared covercover 在不同的语境中有不同的翻译，请猜猜其在下列句子中的含义。 1. She covered the body with her overcoat. 2. The town covers 50 square miles. 3. We have covered 100 miles so far. 4. What news are you going to cover?5. We plan to cover four units this term.6. The floor is covered with waste paper.7. I remembered that was a book with the red cover.Key: 1. 遮盖 2. 占地 3. 走（一段路程） 4. 采访 5. 学习 6. 覆盖 7.封面require require vt. 要求；需要。用法如下：跟带不定式的复合结构；I require you to speak of this to no one. 我要求你不要对任何人提起此事。跟名词或代词；We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助。To become a singer would require study, work and sacrifice. 要想成为一名歌手，需要学习、努力和牺牲。I have done all that is required by law. 我已按照法律规定把一切做好了。跟从句(从句中用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原型，should可以省略)。Regulations require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures. 规定要求学生至少参加90%的讲座。The situation requires that I be there. 情况需要我在那里。跟动名词；The floor requires washing. 地板该洗了。【注意】 require后接人时，可用介词of或from。 请完成下列句子。1. He _ (要求去) to the station by himself.2. These flowers _ (需要浇水) every day.3. They require _ (要求我们做) more writing. 4. My parents always _ (对我要求太多) me.5. An answer must be _ (要求吴先生回答).Key: 1. requires to go 2. require watering 3. that we （should） do 4. require too much of 5. required from Mr Wu牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲）一、 教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上）二、教学要求：1掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会描述校园生活和学校设施。High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。3学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。4语法：定语从句（一）【知识重点与学习难点】一、 重要单词：access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax二、重点词组：class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和.相处不拘束 school hours学校作息时间 earn respect from 赢得的尊敬 sound like听起来象 for free 免费 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除.以外, 也 key words 关键词 word by word 逐字逐句地 find ones way around 认识路 develop an interest in 培养对.的兴趣 surf the Internet网上冲浪【难点讲解】1. What is your dream school life like?你理想中的学校生活是什么样子?这里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (梦之队)。2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。Going 在本句里作动名词，它和后面的to a British high school for one year构成动名词短语作句子的主语。Go to a British high school本来是个动词词组，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具备名词的特性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同, 现在分词作定语常表示“令人”、“正在.”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到.的”、“被.的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课，下午3点半左右放学。Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8点钟上课。as adv.同样地, 被看作, 象prep.当做conj.与.一样, 当.之时, 象, 因为本单元多次出现as, 用法各不相同,应注意比较。另外as 还可以构成一些常用词组：as if就好像, as far as就.而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。mean: 意味着, 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。The best way to do sth is to.结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是., 例如:The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。As.as, 中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分, 请比较下面两句话:You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).Used to 过去常常, 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).Used to 的否定形式是usednt to/ didnt use to注意：be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于.7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。 fun是名词,有趣的事情, 副词really并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的be动词was试比较: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.这两句意思虽然相同, 但really修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。Do、did在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.完成学业之后，他开始在中国旅行。介词upon/ on加doing相当于带as soon as 的时间状语从句。Upon finishing his studyAs soon as he finished his study 10. Former student return from China 一位校友重中国归来former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但 侧重点不同。 former：“过去曾经是.的、 前任.”, past: “过去的” old“老的、从前的”。例如: former president前总统，past experience以往的经验，my old school我的母校。11. earn, achieve和gain这三个单词的基本意思都是“get”但含义不尽相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（挣，得到作为工作的回报）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通过努力达到某个目标), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配:earn money/ a living/ ones respect/ ones bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上风)/ ground(取得进步).【语法】定语从句(1)用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句： 1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主 语)2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾 语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式).3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语)4.The school whose floor space is very limited cant take in one more student. (关系代词whose指代the schools ，从句中作floor space的定语)5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词where指代主句中的地点状语gym 在从句中作状语)【阅读技巧】Skimming & ScanningSkimming略读，skim原意是轻轻掠过表面，作为阅读技巧是指通过浏览文章标题，主题句，插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是扫描，这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材料寻找我们想要的信息。他们的区别在于Skimming是为了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是为了寻找某些具体信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速阅读的重要策略，也是信息时代我们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时，注重练习Skimming & Scanning可以帮助克服逐字逐句的阅读习惯（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高阅读速度。【补充阅读】阅读这篇文章,根据中文提示和上下文写出所缺的单词:My School DayI leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to _(赶) a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The _(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way.When I arrive at school, I_(领取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week. At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other days. Each period lasts an hour. All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags. Swipe CardsEvery Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _(参加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies. On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings.We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money. SubjectsMaths,EnglishScienceICTDramaMusicArtPEHumanities (History, Geography, and Religion)French or SpanishTime Table 9:00 1st Period10:00 2nd Period11:00 - 11:20 BreakDuring break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play IT a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun. 11:20 3rd Period12:30 4th Period1:30 - 2:10 LunchI bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School_(食堂). 2:10 5th Period3:10 End of School Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.CanteenThe Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_(买的到) on Mondays and Fridays. 【同步练习】一、 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：1I still remember the time _ I first became a high school student.2. There are many places in London _ you can buy a cup of coffee.3. That is the reason _ he is so keen on school activities.4. China is a country_ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.5. He is driving a car _ can travel at 150 mile per hour.6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world _ his company has set up offices.7. The lady _ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .8.We are facing the same problem _ we did years ago.二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句：1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years.2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students union. She can meet many international students there.5. Janes father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.参考答案一、1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as二、1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th.2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.3. On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects.4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students union where she can meet many internatioal students.5. Janes father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be.阅读填空：catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available牛津高中英语模块一（第二讲） 【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （下）二、教学要求：1掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会用英语写通知和海报。3语法：定语从句（二）【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词：contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.二、重点词组：refer to 指 , function as当作使用, 具有.的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和相关 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对负责, consist of包含,由构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by征得.的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.【难点讲解】1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs. 我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。I dont want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small. 我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。第一句里定语从句 that has desks and chairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room，作从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small的关系副词where 指代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词that来指代。2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your fathers bookcases instead. 除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. 她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“might be reading”，“will be reading”属于“情态动词be+doing” 的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework.等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是.” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，“instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：1） We didnt go home after school. We went to a net caf instead. Instead of going home after school, we went to a net caf. 2) Students in UK dont have lots of home work. They have many school activities. Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.相当于：If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时), you will make better decision（主句用将来时）. 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+另一个比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越就越.”。5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语e-mail 的内容。6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）国际标准期刊编号7make常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯错误, make trouble惹麻烦, make a suggestion提建议, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make comparasions作比较, make a living谋生, make money挣钱 , make a request提要求, make an application申请。写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。 例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICE Allmumbers of the studentsunionarerequestedtomeetintheschool conferenceroomonSaturday,Sept18th,at2:00p.m.todiscussquestionsofinternationalcultureexchanges with New Zealand high school band. Sept.14,2005海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery. Mail you poster to:Stay Alert . Stay SafeP.O. Box 93006,499 Main St. S.Brampton, OntarioL6Y 1N0【语法】定语从句(2)1定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和 why指代时间、地点和原因。2关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：All that I have is my love for this land.There isnt much that we can do to ease his pain.(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：She failed in her attempt to catch the princes attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用