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欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂Passive voice被动语态的定义：被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，构成，时态通过时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。一一.何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要必要指出指出动作的执行者时动作的执行者时 Paper is made from wood.He was wounded in the fight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时需要强调动作的承受者时 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二二.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式，是系表结构形式，被动语态中被动语态中，done可以带可以带by短语，而系表结构短语，而系表结构中中done相当于相当于adj.不带不带by短语。短语。The question is settled.(系表结构系表结构)Such questions are settled by us.(被动语态被动语态)The composition is well written.(系表结构系表结构)The composition is written with great care.(被动语态被动语态)2.许多许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做既可以用做adj.，也可以也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词在被动语态结构中做过去分词，句句中如果有中如果有by，通常是被动语态。，通常是被动语态。I was worried about you all night.(表状态表状态)I was worried by mosquitoes all night.(表动作表动作)The glass was broken by Jack.(表动作表动作)The glass is broken.(表状态表状态)三三.不同形式的被动语态不同形式的被动语态 1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语宾语变为被动的主语。He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.2.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。(1)将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。They call her XiaoLi.She is called XiaoLi.(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.使役使役动词后做宾补的不动词后做宾补的不 定式一般不加定式一般不加to,变为被动变为被动,必须加必须加to。(1)My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.(2)I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.(3)Did you see Jack take away the magazine?Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?3.情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态 是由情态是由情态动词动词+be+p.p.构成构成They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.4.短语动词短语动词的被动语态的被动语态 一般来讲一般来讲,只有及物动词只有及物动词才有被动语才有被动语态态，因为只有因为只有及物动词及物动词才能有动作才能有动作的承受者的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。于及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语但应注意短语动词动词是一个不可分割的整体是一个不可分割的整体变被动时变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的不可丢掉构成短语的介词介词或或副词。副词。这这样的短语有样的短语有：look after,listen to,look at,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,make use ofThey had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义有些动词用主动形式表被动含义The goods sells well.The door cant open.6.有些词如有些词如want,need,require和和 be worth后面后面加加v-ing形式为主动形式为主动,意义为被动。意义为被动。The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The book is worth reading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词动时使用形式替代词it.We know that Britain is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.8.宾语为反身代词宾语为反身代词,相互代词及虚词相互代词及虚词it时，时，不用被不用被动，动，只用主动只用主动。I will do it myself.The man introduced himself as Mr.Wang.9.谓语动词是以下时，谓语动词是以下时，无被动无被动。happen,belong to,suit,fit(适合适合),have,let,join,fall,last,cost(花费花费)break out(爆发爆发),appear,burst out(迸发迸发),hold(容容纳纳),lack(缺乏缺乏),agree with(同意同意).10.据说类动词：据说类动词：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb.is said to 11.主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 感官动词感官动词:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时等主语是物时;一些一些vi.主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.不定式不定式to blame,to let(出租出租)作表语作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。时，主动形式表被动含义。You are to blame.The house is to let.表某物表某物需要的需要的need,want,require等后等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义的动名词用主动形式表被动含义The house needs/wants/require repairing be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动后的动名词主动形式表被动含义含义 The book is worth reading.Make these sentences passive.1.About a million tourists visit Florence each year.Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year.2.Ten million people visited London last year.London was visited by ten million people last year.3.Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.4.Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.5.Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China.The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Example:-The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an English architect(Spanish)-No,it wasnt.It was designed by a Spanish architect.1.The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen.(Paris)No,it isnt.Its located in Paris.2.Paris is situated on the coast.(River Seine)No,it isnt.It is situated on the River Seine.3.Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year.(one million)No,it isnt.It is visited by one million tourists every year.4.Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization.(Athens)No,it isnt.Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.5.The Parthenon was built a hundred years ago.(2,400 years ago.)No,it isnt.The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.课后练习课后练习将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态，将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态，每空一词。每空一词。1.All the people made fun of him.He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2.The whole country uses electricity widely.Electricity _ _ _ in the whole country.was made fun ofis widely used3.People say that house price will continue to go up in the next few years._ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4.We expect all the students to come early to school.All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expected5.We found him working in the fields when we arrived.He _ _ _ in the fields when we arrived.6.The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays.The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8.People all over the world know Picasso.Picasso _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9.The couple provide money for their son to study abroad.The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10.Eleven players make up a soccer team.A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of
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