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3.三角函数、解三角形、平面向量,板块四 考前回扣,回归教材,易错提醒,内容索引,回扣训练,回归教材,1.终边与终边相同(的终边在终边所在的射线上)2k(kZ),注意:相等的角的终边一定相同,终边相同的角不一定相等. 任意角的三角函数的定义:设是任意一个角,P(x,y)是的终边上的任意一点(异于原点),它与原点的距离是r 0,那么sin ,cos ,tan (x0),三角函数值只与角的大小有关,而与终边上点P的位置无关. 问题1 已知角的终边经过点P(3,4),则sin cos 的值为_.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.同角三角函数的基本关系式及诱导公式 (1)平方关系:sin2cos21. (2)商数关系:tan (3)诱导公式记忆口诀:奇变偶不变、符号看象限,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.正弦、余弦和正切函数的常用性质,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.三角函数化简与求值的常用技巧 解答三角变换类问题要灵活地正用、逆用,变形运用和、差、倍角公式和诱导公式,进行化简、求值.常用到切化弦、降幂、拆角拼角等技巧.如: (),2()(),,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.解三角形,已知三角形两边及一对角,求解三角形时,若运用正弦定理,则务必注意可能有两解,要结合具体情况进行取舍.在ABC中,ABsin Asin B.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,45,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.求三角函数最值的常见类型、方法 (1)yasin xb(或acos xb)型,利用三角函数的值域,须注意对字母a的讨论.,(3)yasin2xbsin xc型,配方后转化为二次函数求最值,应注意|sin x|1的约束.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,问题6 函数ysin2xsin x1的值域为_.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,当sin x1时,ymax1.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.向量的平行与平面向量的数量积 (1)向量平行(共线)的充要条件:ab(b0)ab(ab)2(|a|b|)2x1y2y1x20. (2)ab|a|b|cos , 变形:|a|2a2aa,,注意:a,b为锐角ab0且a,b不同向; a,b为钝角ab1,tan tan 4a0, tan ,tan 是方程x24ax3a10的两个负根.,例2 已知函数f(x) ,为了得到函数g(x)cos 2x的图象,只要 将yf(x)的图象向_平移_个单位长度. 易错分析 (1)没有将f(x),g(x)化为同名函数;(2)平移时看2x变成了什么,而没有认识到平移过程只是对“x”而言.,易错点2 图象变换方向或变换量把握不准,例3 求函数y 的单调区间. 易错分析 对形如yAsin(x)或yAcos(x)的函数,如果a,得a0,没有排除0,即两向量同向的情况.,易错点6 忽视向量共线,回扣训练,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析,答案,2,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,3.已知R,sin 2cos ,则tan _.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,即3tan28tan 30,,答案,解析,解析 由对称轴完全相同知,两函数周期相同,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析 在斜ABC中,ABC, C(AB), tan Ctan(AB)tan(AB),1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,tan Atan B1tan Atan B,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,又在ABC中,tan A0,tan B0,,解析,答案,120,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解析 设a与c的夹角为, a(1,2),b(2,4),则b2a,,0180,120.,7.已知f1(x)sin cos x,f2(x)sin xsin(x),若设f(x)f1(x)f2(x), 则f(x)的单调增区间是_.,解析,答案,解析 由题意知,f1(x)cos2x,f2(x)sin2x, f(x)sin2xcos2xcos 2x, 令2x2k,2k(kZ),,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,8.在ABC中,B60,AC ,则AB2BC的最大值为_.,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,AB2sin C,BC2sin A.又AC120, AB2BC2sin C4sin(120C) 2(sin C2sin 120cos C2cos 120sin C),由于0C120,且是第一象限角,,1,解析 tan()1,tan()2,,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,分式同除以cos()cos(),,解析,答案,1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,11.已知函数f(x)sin xcos xcos2x (1)求f(x)的最小正周期;,解答,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解答,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解答,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12.在ABC中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,已知bsin A (1)求角B的值;,解答,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,解答,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,
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