2013英语四六级阅读200句翻译

2013英语四六级阅读200句翻译21. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade， which is recorded， and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.22. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work， but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.23. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.24. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean， and which cycle each member of the family has.25. Whenever possible， do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.26. We also value personal qualities and social skills， and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.27. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think， to make decisions， to analyse and evaluate， and to communicate effectively.28. The problem is， how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling？29. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing， but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay， which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings.30. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors， but if his priorities had centred on the childs ideas， an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.31. Given the nature of government and private employers， it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they havent.34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10，000 kilos. 36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time， we could make a long list of hobbies， taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish， to learning about the stars and making model ships.37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath， so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.38. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.39. Although signs of dishonesty in school ， business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past， could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty？40. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence， but of rejecting its implications： that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order， that they have no cumulative effect， and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.参考译文第二部分（21-40句译文）21、学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数，而且要被记录存档，这可以用来提供给将来学生的雇主们。 22、所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力，尽管如此，学生们还是积极参加学生活动。23、而有效遵守纪律的学生们往往是那些经常给校方提建议的学生。24、当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量圈的意思以及各个家庭成员所处的圈之后，许多家庭争吵就结束了。25、只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。26、我们也很看重个人品德和社交技能，我们发现混合能力的教育对学习的各个方面都有帮助。27、他们也要学习如何处理个人问题和怎样思考，怎样决策、分析和评估以及有效沟通。28、问题是，怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己，而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。29、这可能是对学生在写作中的技术能力的尖锐批评，但也是老师的失败的悲哀反映忽略了朗读文章，这其中优美的表达可以激发孩子们的深刻感受。 41. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States， but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining the Black heritage of folklore， music， and religious expression from one generation to another， a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning， spending， organizing， marrying， taking part in political activities， fighting and so on ， is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences， even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.44. There are several steps that can be taken， of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.45. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types， however， proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences， which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46. According to this theory， it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce， but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge ， and there is some evidence for this view.47. The result of attrition is that， where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution， a bimodal distribution is produced， one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces， the other of the larger remains. 48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out， and as regards our more immediate concern， the reliability of present day economic forecasting， there are considerable difference of opinion.49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.50. Yet across the gulf of space， minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish， intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic， regarded this earth with envious eyes， and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.51. Even the doctoral degree， long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world， has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professors classroom duties.52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both， the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts， while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.53. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production （GNP） because it is not such a complete index of welfare， ignoring， on the one hand， that it was never intended to be， and suggesting， on the other， that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.54. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size， number， arrangement， and interconnection of the nerve cells， but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned， the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack， but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers， whose flights are within the Earths atmosphere， from hitting their targets.58. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks， Hispanics， and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.59. During the nineteenth century， she argues， the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who， though producing no income for， and indeed extremely costly to its parents， is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”。60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s， this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.参考译文第三部分（41-60句译文）41、对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视，他的理论相对成立得较好，但是他将种族偏见如此定义：“在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的一个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。”可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。42、加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护，这些遗产包括从一代传到另一代的民间传说，音乐，和宗教表述，这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显着。43、即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱，花费，组织，婚嫁，政治活动的参与，以及战斗等等，都与从社会科学中衍生出来更加精细的社会系统描述相差不多，尽管它是建立在一个不太完善的个人经验上的模型。44、有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场、45、用其他方式来展示神经类型的细微差别也是可能的，然而，要证明脉冲质量和传导受到这些差别的影响还缺乏证据，看起来这些差别影响的是神经单元的发展形成方式。46、根据这一理论，不是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的，而是由他们被发射到大脑的哪一部位来决定的，对这一观点是有证据的。47、磨擦的结果是，在叶面上服从正态分布的地方就会产生两种分布方式，顶点上主要是小块，其他的地方是小块，其他的地方是大块的地方。48、圣经没有告诉我们罗马的数据统计者们怎样达到我们今天的经济预测的可靠性的，我们进一步思考的话，其中的意见上有很大的不同。49、在英国进行的一项调查证实经常接受X光照射的脊椎关节炎患者癌症的百分比高得不正常。50、然而，穿过太空的港湾，那里的意识对于我们的来说就像我们的意识比动物的意识一样，冷酷广博而无情的智慧，用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球，慢慢地肯定会制定针对我们的计划。51、即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。52、尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的，但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面，而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始，并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。53、流行期刊中甚至有文章批评国民生产总值，因为它并不是一个福利目录，一方面忽视了它从来就没有这种倾向，另一方面的建议是通过正确的改变它才能被转化过来。54、其他的实验揭示神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和连接的细微变化，但就神经关联而言，这些感觉区域的相似性比那些细微的区别更有意义可言。55、中国向农民和其它农村住户发放了宣传刊物，指导他们观察动物，以便每户人家都能参与帮助地震预报。56、星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个遭受核攻击的国家，也希望它能成为使核攻击永不发生的足够威胁。57、它也不能防止轨道在地球大气层以内的洲际导弹和轰炸机命中目标。58、人民活动家一直认为黑人和拉丁美人难以在生意上立足的原因是因为他们难以取得大公司的大宗定单和分包合同。59、她认为十九世纪给家庭经济作出贡献的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改变了，今天提到那些没有挣取收入的“无用”孩子，甚至还要花销很多，仍然在情感上被认为是无价的。60、这种关于孩子的观点到19世纪时已在中上阶级中建立，并于19世纪末20世纪初在社会上广泛传播，当时改革者们推行童工规定和义务教育法，部分于孩子的情感价值的假设，这都使得使用童工被禁止了。