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专题十一特殊句式(强调,倒装,主谓一致,省略及其他),词汇复习11(根据汉语提示填入以f开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以f开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Whenthefashionartmasterdeliveredthespeech,hementionedthatyouhaveto(打,斗争)againstthefollowing(因素)suchasself-doubt,(失败),loneliness,misunderstandingandeventhreatonconditionthatyouwanttohaveaccesstoachievement.Furthermore,youshouldget(熟悉)withanyflexiblechange,focusonthekeypointsandformagoodhabit.Onlyinthiswaycanapersonhavegoodfortune.,fight,factors,failure,familiar,译文:当那个时尚艺术大师发表演讲时,他提到:如果你想获得成就,你必须和以下因素作斗争,例如,不自信、失败、孤独、误解,甚至是威胁。而且,你应该熟悉任何灵活的变化,着重关注要点,养成好习惯。只有用这种方式一个人才可以得到好运。,特殊句式很特别,每类都有规则寻;注意语境和逻辑,感情表达更充分。1.(2015重庆卷改编)Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturyhismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.,答案,解析,2.(2015天津卷改编)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice(sherealize)thatshehadleftthecontractathome.,答案,解析,3.(2015江苏卷改编)Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble(Iknow)theschedule.,答案,解析,4.(2015湖南卷改编)Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften(take)yearstoachieve.,答案,解析,5.(2015湖南卷改编)Always(keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.,答案,解析,一,二,三,四,五,一、强调句型1.强调句的基本构成为:Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。一般来说,被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如:ItwasJohnwho(that)worehisbestsuittothedancelastnight.是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,一,二,三,四,五,2.强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词+is/wasit+that+其他成分”。Wasitinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的?Wherewasitthatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingback?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?3.not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。ItwasnotuntilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,一,二,三,四,五,温馨提示注意:强调句中的主谓一致:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如:Itismymotherwhocookseveryday.每天煮饭的是我妈妈。Itishewhoiswrong.是他错了。,一,二,三,四,五,二、全部倒装1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首,且主语是名词时,此时要用全部倒装。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.山顶有棵松树。2.代词such放在句首,且在句中做表语时,此时要用全部倒装。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.这些就是事实;没有人可以否认。,一,二,三,四,五,3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将做表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。Seatedinthefirstlinearesomeadvancedworkers.坐在第一排的是一些资深工人。注意:1.全部倒装句中不用进行时,采用一般现在时态代替进行时。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscominghere.车来了。2.当句子的主语为人称代词时,即使有表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首,句子也不再用倒装结构。Outherushed.他冲了出去。,一,二,三,四,五,三、部分倒装1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句做状语且放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。Onlywhenonelosesfriendshipdoesoneknowitsvalue.只有当一个人失去友谊时,他才知道友谊的价值。2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,innoway等置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。BynomeanswillIgiveupsearchingformylostdog.我绝不会放弃寻找我那只丢失的狗。,一,二,三,四,五,3.as/though引导让步状语从句时,要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首;though引导让步状语从句时,也可用正常语序。Tiredthough/ashewas,hekeptonrunning.=Thoughhewastired,hekeptonrunning.尽管他很累,但还是继续跑着。4.倒装句常见句型总结,一,二,三,四,五,一,二,三,四,五,Sofrightenedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。HardlyhadIenteredthelecturehallwhenIwassurroundedbythestudents.我刚一进入报告厅就被同学们围住了。,一,二,三,四,五,四、主谓一致主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种原则。做题时要注意语境中的时态及其他语法现象。(一)语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数;若句子的主语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数。Electriccarsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalcars.电动汽车比普通汽车更环保。,一,二,三,四,五,1.主语后跟由with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,including,ratherthan等构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介词宾语,不可能充当主语。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.除那个男孩外,这些女孩也学会了说日语。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词,morethanone+单数名词,manya+单数名词,one+单数名词+andahalf”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.每个男孩和女孩都正在做运动。Manyachildwasplayingthere.许多孩子正在那边玩耍。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一个学生考试失利了。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一个半苹果。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)意义一致原则1.当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。但是,当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。ThewriterandteacherSmithhasgonethroughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.那位既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.战争与和平在历史上是一个永恒的主题。ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都不错。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“anumberof+复数名词”意思是“许多”,表示复数意义;“thenumberof+复数名词”意思是“的数目”,表示单数概念。“thepopulationof.”意思是“的人口数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但如果是分数、百分数(halfof/therestofthepopulation)做主语时,具体指其中的多少人,表达复数意义,谓语动词则常用复数形式。“theaverageof.”意思是“的平均数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.我们学校学生很多并且很多教师工作很努力。Thepopulationofthecountryislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.那个国家的人口很多,大部分人口是农民。,一,二,三,四,五,3.当非谓语动词和名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。Whathesaidisofgreathelptoourwork.他说的对我们的工作很有帮助。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)就近一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的做主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.butalso.等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么是我要么是他们为这件事的结果负责。Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.不友善的话语和不友好的态度都没给我带来任何沮丧。2.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔,一把小刀和几本书。Therearetwentyboystudentsandtwenty-threegirlstudentsintheclass.班里有二十个男同学和二十三个女同学。,一,二,三,四,五,五、省略句及其他(一)省略句1.not,so的替代性省略动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和Imafraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:Ithinknot和Idontthinkso。如:Dotheymindyousmokingthere?你在那儿吸烟,他们介意吗?Idontthinkso/Ithinknot.我想不会。,一,二,三,四,五,2.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,after,before等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又和主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。If(itis)possible,IwanttotraveltoAustraliawithmyfamily.如果有可能,我想同家人一起去澳大利亚旅游。Youcantbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen(itis)comparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.电影制作艺术的历史要短得多,尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。,一,二,三,四,五,3.不定式的省略通常情况下,只留下不定式符号to,常用于beafraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等词之后。HethoughtIhurthimintentionally,butIdidntmeanto.他认为我有意伤害他,可我并无此意。如果不定式后有系动词be或助动词have时,be和have不能省略。IdontthinkJimislazyinhisstudy,butheusedtobe.我认为吉姆在学习上并不懒惰,可他过去是很懒惰的。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)祈使句祈使句的固定句式1.祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果就”2.祈使句+or+简单句表示“否则”Putitdown,orelseIllsmackyou.把它放下来,不然我会揍你。DothatagainandIllcallapoliceman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。注意:有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。AfewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)感叹句感叹句的固定句式1.Whata(n)+adj.+单数名词+主语+谓语!Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatadayitis!多么快乐的(疲惫的/忙碌的)一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!Howtallaboyheis!这个男孩真高啊!4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!,一,二,三,四,五,(四)反意疑问句1.祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。Dontdothatagain,willyou?注意:Lets开头的祈使句,后用“shallwe?”;Letus开头的祈使句,后用“willyou?”。Letsgoandlistentomusic,shallwe?咱们去听音乐,好吗?Letuswaitforyouinthereadingroom,willyou?我们在阅览室等你,好吗?,一,二,三,四,五,2.主句主语为第一人称,谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。Idontthinkheisbright,ishe?我认为他不太聪明,对吗?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,cantshe?我们相信她能做得更好,不是吗?,一,二,三,四,五,一、完成句子1.(make)whatyouredoingtodayimportant,becauseyouretradingadayofyourlifeforit.2.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMrSmithgotangry?3.Givemeachance,Illgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.4.IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,you?5.(foolish)whatthesixblindmensaidsounded!6.IdontthinkDavidcouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,?,Make,that,and,didnt,Howfoolish,didhe,一,二,三,四,五,7.Hehadtosellhisluxurycar,hiscompanywasindebt.8.Onlyafteronehasbecomeaparent(realize)howgreathisparentsare.9.Nosooner(thestar/arrive)attheairportthanshewassurroundedbymanyreporters.10.Thedoorwasopenedandthere(ourEnglishteacher/enter).,for,willherealize,hadthestararrived,enteredourEnglishteacher,一,二,三,四,五,二、根据括号内的提示,改写下列句子1.Jackwasmyprofessor.Heencouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.(改为强调句),whowasmyprofessor,/encouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.2.Assoonastheprofessorarrivedatourschool,hewaswarmlywelcomed.(改为倒装句)/hadtheprofessorarrivedatourschool,/hewaswarmlywelcomed.3.Hewasdevotedtohisstudyandcaredlittleabouthisclothes.(改为省略句)hisstudy,hecaredlittleabouthisclothes.,ItwasJack,that,who,Nosooner,Hardly,than,when,Devotedto,一,二,三,四,五,4.Ifyouarenotinvitedtospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.(用unless改为省略句)tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.5.Hedidntcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.(改为强调句和倒装句)yesterdayafternoonhecamehere.(强调句)yesterdayafternoonhere.(倒装句),Unlessinvited,Itwasnotuntil,that,Notuntil,didhecome,一,二,三,四,五,三、单句改错1.Infrontofourschoolisstandingatoweronwhosetopwecanhaveaclearviewofthelake.2.Knockingatthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryoullbeconsideredimpolite.3.Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago.,isstandingstands,KnockingKnock,WhatHow,一,二,三,四,五,4.Itwastotallybychancewhentheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.5.Generallyspeaking,whenistakenaccordingtothedirection,thedrughasfewsideeffects.,whenthat,去掉is/在is前加it,一,二,三,四,五,四、语法填空Itisreportedthatmanymiddleschoolstudentsarejustnotgettingenoughsleep,especiallyduringtheschoolweek.Theproblemseemstoget1.(bad)astheygetolder.Year7studentssleep8.4hoursonaschoolnight,andYear9studentsonly6.9hours.Itsalsoreportedthatnotgettingenoughsleepcancause2.(problem)inastudentslife.Manystudentsfall3.(sleep)inschoolorwhiledoingtheirhomework,soitisnot4.(surprise)thattheygetlowergradesthanthosewhogetenoughsleep.Scientistssuggestninehoursanightformiddleschoolstudents.,worse,problems,asleep,surprising,一,二,三,四,五,Ofthestudentswhofeel5.(happy)andnervous,73%dontgetenoughsleepatnight.Whyarentstudentsgettingenoughsleep?Manystudentshaveoneofthe6.(follow)things,liketelephone,television,orcomputerintheirbedrooms.Usingthemonaschoolnightnot7.takestheirtimeawayfromhomework,butalsomakes8.difficultforthemtosleep.Asaresult,manystudentscantsleepbefore11p.m.,yettheymustgetupearly9.(go)toschool.Scientistsalsosuggeststudentsshouldnotdoexcitingactivitiesforanhour10.bedtime.,unhappy,following,only,it,togo,before,一,二,三,四,五,五、短文改错IwentbacktoherhometownwithmyparentsduringtheNationalDayholidays.Wespentthreehoursonthetrainafterabustookustothesmallvillage.Mygrandparentsweresogladtoseeusbackhomethattheypreparealotofdeliciousfood.Wehadabigdinnerwithsomerelativeslivednearby.Later,mygrandfathershowedusaroundthevillage.Toourgreatsurprised,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceduringthelastfewyears.Alotoftwo-storeyedhouseshavebeenbuiltbutyoungtreeshavebeenplanted.Theremotevillagehastakenacompletelynewlook.Itisclearlythatthelifeofcommonpeopleisgettingbetterandbetter,thatmadeusverypleased.,一,二,三,四,五,
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