被动语态的八大时态

语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.A new bridge will be built over the river.汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：构成。一般现在时一般现在时 do-s;-es 一般过去时一般过去时p.t.含情态动词含情态动词主+情态动词+do一般将来时一般将来时will dobe to dobe going to do现在完成时现在完成时have/has+done 过去完成时过去完成时had+done 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+doing 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+doing 过去将来时过去将来时 would+do 1.一般现在时：一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The student didnt forget his lessons easily.They will send cars abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.4.过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.5.现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.We are painting the rooms.6.过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.This time last year we were planting trees here.7.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price.8.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.被动语态构成比较一般现在时一般现在时 主+am/is/are+done 一般过去时一般过去时主+was/were+done 含情态动词含情态动词主+情态动词+be done一般将来时一般将来时主+will be+done 现在完成时现在完成时主+have/has been+done 过去完成时过去完成时主+had been+done 现在进行时现在进行时主+am/is/are being+done 过去进行时过去进行时主+was/were being+done 过去将来时过去将来时主+would be+done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 10:动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1.be to do-be to be done2.be going to do-be going to be done3.be about to do-be about to be doneEg:He is to read a novel.They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.(1)The police found that the house _and a lot of things _.A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolen C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen DPractice(2)If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have toA(3)-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told(4)The maths problem _ among the students soon.A.is about to be discuss B.is going to be discussed C.is to discuss D.is going to have been discussedAB1.1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语(指物指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人指人)前加适前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词词 to，如：，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell 等。等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,make,order,等。等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.3.由动词由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at,operate on,look after,make fun of,make use of take care of,carry out,give up,hand in,point out,put away,put off,turn down,work out,talk about等。等。4.。如：如：a.动词动词+宾语宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean.b.动词动词+宾语宾语+n They chose Tom captain.c.动词动词+宾语宾语+to do She told us to follow her instructions.d.动词动词+宾语宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor e.动词动词+宾语宾语+done We found all our seats occupied.在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等动词后等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带但改成被动语态后都带to，We often hear him play the guitar.His mother makes him clean the room every day.（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1.The picture looks beautiful .1.表表状态特征状态特征的连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结的连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：被动意义，如：等。等。The flowers look beautiful.What he said sounds reasonable.The roses smell sweet.The medicine tastes bitter.Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful 2.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，等副词连用时，这时不，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear 等。如：等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。Some silks wash well.The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。The poem reads fluently.The shoes wear well.The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dries easily.对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)3.want,need,require 3.want,need,require 作作“需要需要”解时及解时及后接动词，后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Eg:1:The flower needs/wants/requires watering.Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting.The computer needs/wants/requires reqairing.2:The song/music is worth listening to.3:His teaching method is in need of improving.4.4.且且和句子的和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：时：1.The sentence is easy to understand.2.She found the problem hard to deal with.3.The box is heavy to lift.4.The picture is pleasant to look at.5.The novel is interesting to read.此类形容词此类形容词：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.5.，和被修饰的名词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：含义：1.She had only a cold room to live in.2.I have a meeting to attend.3.I have a lot of homework to do.4.She has many children to look after.5.I gave him a cake to eat.6.I gave him a book to read.第一，第一，如：，如：take place,come about,break out,belong to,consist of,add up to,come into being,come true,turn out 等。如：等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.Great changes have taken place in China.误：误：Great changes have been taken place in China.第二，第二，如：，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.例如：例如：据说据说It is said/thought that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.3)It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义be dressed in,be seated in/at/beside/next tobe addicted to,be determined tobe devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at,be lost in,be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced withEg:1.She is seated on the sofa.2.Addicted to surfing the internet,the boy often escapes from classes.3.Determined to give up smoking,he threw away his remaining cigarettes.4.Disappointed at failing in the math exam,Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5.Judith lay on the sofa,absorbed in her book.（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被动意义常见的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief,beyond ones reach,beyond ones control,in print,in sight,on sale,on show,on trial,out of control,out of sight,out of ones reach,out of fashion,.Eg:1.The building is under construction(is being constructed)2.The plane was out of control(cant be controlled)3.The road is under repair(is being repaired)4.Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.A.sell;have been sold outB.sold;had sold outC.sell,sell outD.are sold;have been sold out2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really?He _ around here for a long time.A.wont be seenB.wasnt seeC.hasnt been seenD.hadnt been seenAC3.The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned4.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B.was reportingC.reports D.reportedDA5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered6.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sentDD7.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8.Millions of pounds worth damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.will have been caused9.When the old man _to walk back to his house,the sun _itself behind the mountain.A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hidingD.was starting;hidC BA10.The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11.The moment the 28th Olympic Games _open,the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC.have declared D.were declaredCD12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one _.A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13.In a room above the store,where a party _,some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D.is being heldCA14.-I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC.is questioning D.has questioned15.The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A.will sell B.sells C.would sell D.soldBA 16.The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A.was built B.built C.was set up D.had been built 17.This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.Ill take it.A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lasted C.washes/is lasted D.is washing/lasting 18.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week.A.are to be held B.is to be held C.are holding D.will hold AAB 19.Im sorry,sir.Your recorder isnt ready yet.It _ in the factory.A.is being repaired B.is repaired C.has been repaired D.hasnt repaired 20.Every possible means ,but none prove successful.A.has tried B.has been tried C.is being tried D.tried AB21.My little sister has broken my watch.-My watch _ by my little sister.A.is broken B.has broken C.have been broken D.has been broken 22.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.-His room _ by him when I entered the room.A.was being cleaned B.was cleaned C.was being cleaning D.has been cleanedDA23.I shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.-This novel _ reading(by me)by dinner time A.will have finished B.will has been finished C.will have being finished D.will have been finished24.You ought to keep these three rooms clean.-These three rooms _(by you).A.are oughted to keep clean B.ought to kept clean C.ought to be kept clean D.ought to have been kept cleanDC