车辆工程外文翻译--- 麦弗逊式独立悬架的模式图

附 录外文翻译McPherson model of the independent suspensionMcPherson front suspension in the car on the other is the breadth of application of the hoisting second to none. To the big BMW M3, Porsche 911 such high-performance cars, small Fiat STILO, Ford FOCUS, even before Chinas Hafei van Maifuxunshi hoisting and are based on the design. What is the reason in the end allow the hoisting of the McPherson such wide application This so commonly used hoisted in the end what characteristics it We start with the design of structural understanding from the bar. Diagram below is a typical example of the hoisting of the McPherson Construction of the-1:Figure -1 McPherson hoisted chartMcPherson usually hoisted by two basic components: A pillar of shock absorbers and fonts care arm. The reason is because it is the pillar of shock absorber damping is also available in addition to supporting the role of the whole body, his structure is compact, the shock absorber damping and spring together to form a movement from top to bottom can slip column; under A boom is usually entrusted the design fonts, for the wheels to provide some of the lateral support and direction to bear all the stress before and after. The weight of the entire body and vehicle movement to bear all the wheels on the impact of these two components * commitment. So McPherson one of the greatest features of the design is simple, simple structure will bring direct benefits of the two that is: the hoisting of light weight and small space. We know that the car belongs to the hoisting of moving parts, moving parts the light, then hoisted response rate of speed and resilience will be sooner, so the hoisting of the shock absorption capacity of more strong and reduce the quality of the hoisting of spring also means reducing the quality, then in Body weight certain circumstances, the comfort is also better. Space on the direct benefits of the designer is in store layout engine under greater engine and the engine can be placed arbitrary manner. In medium-sized car engine can be put aside large, small car in the medium can also lay down their engines, so that all the matching engine more flexible.We allKnow, the BMW inline six-cylinder engine is designed, in the pursuit of sport, the layout of its center of gravity in the front axle, so the engine to use up a lot of warehouse space of the engine, then the choice of a simple structure, the hoisting of the small space It is by design is important. McPherson suspended from the upward journey, that is, in the event to roll, wheel angle, will automatically increase, so that tires can better integrate with the road, the vehicle to provide greater lateral force, to improve the Control limit. Have excellent control and responsiveness coupled with the tight structure, it is clear on a BMW designers before hoisting the preferred option. For small cars and mini-cars, as far as possible in a small engine stores make room layout engine becomes even more important, so they have no choice but to select McPherson hoisted Moreover, if a reasonable match, McPherson Whether manipulation and comfort are very good. That so much has been hoisted at the merits of McPherson, the talk about the shortcomings. It is also precisely because McPherson is too simple structure, causing the hoisting of the stiffness limited. As McPherson hoisted only * care arm and shock absorber to withstand a strong pillar of the wheel impact, it is easier in geometry deformation. This deformation of the driving experience, is that motorists will obviously feel the stability of poor body. Whether turning roll or brake nod phenomenon, are very obvious. Of course, the designers also like a lot of ways to solve the problem of instability. We have often heard that the horizontal Wending Gan, the anti-roll bars, balance, etc.-are used to increase the hoisting of Mai Fus geometric stiffness and lateral stability of the components.However,Wen Dinggan optical increase by improving the performance is limited,the use of Wending Gan design can improve the stability of certain extent,geometry and suspension stiffness. If in order to fundamentally solve these problems, we must change the hoisting of the geometric shapes, and then multi-link double-rocker hoisted on behalf of the hoisting of a high-performance. McPherson addition to the hoisting of stability and rigidity in regard to inferior to multi-link, on the durability and multi-link can not be hoisted at par. As McPherson hoisted pillars need to bear the shock absorber of the horizontal, from top to bottom at the same time a campaign to reduce the purpose of vibration, shock absorber supporting bar the friction is very uneven, shock absorber oil seal to wear a hydraulic oil Damping effect of reducing leakage. 麦弗逊式独立悬架的模式图麦弗逊在汽车前悬挂上的应用之广是其他悬挂无法比较的。大到宝马M3，保时捷911这类高性能车，小到菲亚特STILO，福特FOCUS，甚至国产的哈飞面包车前悬挂都是采用的麦弗逊式设计。到底是什么原因能让麦弗逊悬挂的应用如此广泛？这种如此常用的悬挂到底有哪些性能特点呢？我们先从它的设计结构了解起吧。如下列图就是一套最典型的麦弗逊悬挂的构造图-1：图-1麦弗逊悬挂结构图麦弗逊悬挂通常由两个根本局部组成：支柱式减震器和A字型托臂。之所以叫减震器支柱是因为它除了减震还有支撑整个车身的作用，他的结构很紧凑，把减震器和减震弹簧集成在一起，组成一个可以上下运动的滑柱；下托臂通常是A字型的设计，用于给车轮提供局部横向支撑力，以及承受全部的前前方向应力。整个车体的重量和汽车在运动时车轮承受的所有冲击就这两个部件承当。所以麦弗逊的一个最大的设计特点就是结构简单，结构简单能带来两个直接好处那就是：悬挂重量轻和占用空间小。我们知道，汽车悬挂属于运动部件，运动部件越轻，那么悬挂响应速度和回弹速度就会越快，所以悬挂的减震能力也就越强；而且悬挂质量减轻也意味着弹簧下质量减轻，那么在车身重量一定的情况下，舒适性也越好。占用空间小带来的直接好处就是设计师能在发动机仓布置下更大的发动机，而且发动机的放置方式也能随心所欲。在中型车上能放下大型发动机，在小型车上也能放下中型发动机，让各种发动机的匹配更灵活。大家都知道，宝马的6缸发动机是直列设计的，为了追求运动性，把其重心布置在前轴之后，因此发动机要占用大量的引擎仓空间，那么，选用一款结构简单，占用空间小的悬挂设计就显得由为重要。麦弗逊悬挂在向上行程时，也就是在发生转向侧倾时，车轮外倾角会自动加大，使轮胎能更好的跟路面结合，给整车提供更大的横向力，提高了转向操控极限。拥有出色的操控和响应性再加上紧凑的结构，很显然就成了宝马设计师设计前悬挂时的首选方案。对于小型车和微型车来说，尽可能的在狭小的发动机仓腾出空间布置发动机就更加重要了，所以他们也不得不选择麦弗逊悬挂，况且，如果做出合理的匹配，麦弗逊无论是操控和舒适性都是相当出色的。说了这么多麦弗逊悬挂的优点，也该谈谈缺点了。也正是因为麦弗逊结构过于简单，造成悬挂的刚度有限。由于麦弗逊悬挂只能下托臂和减震器支柱来承受强大的车轮冲击力，所以较易发生几何变形。这种变形表达到驾驶感受上，就是驾驶者会明显的感觉到车身稳定性较差。无论是转弯侧倾，还是刹车点头现象，都非常明显。当然，设计师们也想了不少方法来解决稳定性问题。我们经常听说的横向稳定杆，防倾杆，平衡杆等等都是用来提高麦福逊悬挂几何刚度和横向稳定性的部件。但是，光增加稳定杆所提高的性能是有限的，使用各种稳定杆设计能从一定程度上提高稳定性和悬挂几何刚度。如果要从根本解决这些问题，就必须改变整个悬挂的几何形状，那么多连杆和双摇臂悬挂就成了高性能悬挂的代表。麦弗逊悬挂除了在稳定性和刚度方面要逊色于多连杆以外，在耐用性上也不能与多连杆悬挂相提并论。由于麦弗逊悬挂的减震器支柱需要承受横向力，同时又要起到上下运动减低震动的目的，所以减震器支撑杆的摩擦很不均匀，减震器油封容易磨损造成液压油泄露降低减震效果。