大学英语四(综合教程)第八单元

大学体验英语四（综合教程）Unit 8Globalization For and AgainstListen and TalkLead inJeans are (S1) with young people all over the world. Some people say that jeans are the (S2) of youth. But they havent always been so. The story of jeans (S3) almost 200 years ago. People in Genoa, Italy, used to make pants. The cloth made in Genoa was called jeanos”. The pants were called jeans”. In 1850, a (S4) in California began selling pants made of canvas. His name was Levi Strauss. Because they were so (S5), Levis pants” became popular with (S6) miners, farmers and students. Six years later, Levi began making his pants with a blue cotton cloth called denim. Soon after, factory workers in the United States and Asia began wearing jeans. But (S7) people usually didnt wear them. In the 1950s, two people (S8): Elvis Presley, the king of rock and roll, and James Dean, a famous TV star. Elvis wore tight jeans. Most parents didnt like Elvis or his jeans. (S9). He was a hero to many young people. During the 1960s, rock and roll became even more popular. Young people had more money. (S10). Some people decorated their jeans with colorful patches and designs. In the 70s and 80s, jeans became very expensive. Jeans are so popular that Levis sold over 10 billion pairs. Almost anywhere in the world now, young people like to wear jeans! Key:S1.popular S2. uniform S3. started S4. salesman S5. strong S6. gold S7. young S8. helped to make jeans popular with teenagers S9. But teenagers loved him and started to dress like him S10. their clothes showed their independencePassage A: Hallmarks Asian Valentine2. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. Why have Hallmarks greeting cards become popular as Valentines Day gifts in Asia? A) Because they are original and convenient. B) Because they meet the emotional needs of the youth in Asia. C) Because theyre globally welcomed and fashionable. D) Because they can solve the dilemma of the local cultural norm and romance.2.According to the author, people in Asia dont declare their love for someone openly in that_. A) they are not as romantic as Westerners B) they are too shy to display their feelings C) they are afraid of being refused and losing face D) cultural norms restrain them from expressing their feelings3. Valentines Days taking root in Asia is an example that shows _. A) Asia as a whole is inclined to follow the fashion of Westerners B) love is global and language skills are unnecessary C) cultural invasion of the superpower covers every corner of the world D) the cultural spread of fashion is very fast and effective4. Young people prefer to buy English-language cards rather than cards in their own language because_. A) English is a global language and a symbol of nobleness B) English-language cards are in fashion C) English-language cards can best express their emotions cleverly D) English perhaps is the most fashionable language in the world5. The words a turn-off” in the last but one paragraph most probably refers to_. A) A) a change in business practice B) an old method of sales promotion C) something that is kept away D) something that is not fashionable6. In this passage, the author seems _. A) to be optimistic about the future of Hallmark cards in Asia B) to be critical of the role of Valentines Day greeting cards in Asia C) to be happy about the global popularity of Valentines Day D) to regard Valentines Day cards as the best greeting cards for Asians7. The purpose of the passage is_. A) to advertise and promote the selling of Hallmark cards B) to explain the way by which Hallmark promotes the use of Valentines Day cards in Asia C) to show the great success of Hallmark cards and their role in the emotional life of Asians D) to explain the cultural difference and preference of Asian people8. Which of the following statements is true? A) Chinese men can never be as romantic as Shakespeares Romeo. B) Japanese men are not as restrained as Chinese men in showing their emotions. C) Women in Japan, Korea and China like to send Valentines Day cards more than men. D) Asians are even more romantic than Westerners now in sending Valentines Day cards.Answer: 1.D, 2.D, 3.D, 4.B, 5.D, 6.A, 7.B, 8.B3. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage. 1. Why is Asia being turned from distribution center into an investment center for Hallmark?Because the number of romantic consumers in Asia is rising and the potential market for Hallmark cards is great.2.Why do Asian people prefer to send a Hallmark card to their sweeties instead of talking in person to express their emotions?Because people in Asia are often restricted by cultural norms and they are more emotionally inhibited than Westerners. Besides, they are afraid of losing face if they are rejected.3. Why dont Hallmark cards need not to be translated into different languages to enable lovers to exchange tender words?Because using a nice English card to convey ones love is a fashion everywhere in the world.4. To what extent is the Valentines Day popular with the people in China? Valentines Day is more and more popular in China, especially with young people in cities who always like new things and follow the fashions.5.What difference exists between Chinese and Japanese or Korean men according to the author?The Japanese or Korean men are less restrained or inhibited by cultural norms than Chinese men in the way tender emotions are expressed.4.Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you. The Western tradition of card giving on Valentines Day has become oppular in Asia Although American people spend large sums of money on Valentines Day greeting cards, there is an even bigger 1) p for selling these cards in Asia. The world famous Hallmark card manufacturing company has 2) c several organizations in Asia and is turning some of the areas in Asia from 3) d centers into investment ones.The sales of Hallmark cards in Asia seem to show that the number of romantic 4) c in Asia is rising as Hallmark card can help to 5) o some of the emotional restrictions which still reign in many Asian countries. For example, a Chinese man can buy and give his sweetie a Hallmark card for Valentines Day to 6) e his emotions and can avoid losing face in case of being refused; and the Japanese and Korean women who are more emotionally inhibited than men can send a Hallmark card to their sweethearts to show their 7) a . Its not necessary to translate Hallmark English cards into different local languages, because love is 8) g , and no language skill is needed. Whats more, English is a 9) f language nowadays, sending an English card is more 10) i and updated than sending one in ones mother tongue.Anwser: 1.potential 2.created 3.distribution 4.consumers 5.overcome 6.express 7.affection 8.global 9.fashionable 10.impressive5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. version sample fancy assess descendant potential dilemma rescue restriction affection 1. Though he caught a cold, he didnt hesitate to jump into the water to _ the child from drowning. 2. Young people in Asia take quite a _ to Valentines Day cards. 3. The _ sales of the new air-conditioners are great because of their new design and high technology. 4. The _ the doctor faced was whether he should tell the patient the truth. 5. We are _ to 30 miles an hour in built-up areas. 6. He is a _ of the early settlers in America. 7. The intelligent and beautiful girl always becomes the object of the young mans _ . 8. We can find various _ of subjects for the experiment. 9. Damages caused by the flood _ at one million dollars, which was a great loss for the local people. 10. Comparing the original poem with the Chinese _ , one may find that some charm of the poem has been lost. Answer: 1. rescue 2. fancy 3. potential 4. dilemma 5. restricted 6. descendant 7. affections 8. sample 9. were estimated 10. version6. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.1. The leaders idea _ in minds of his followers so they always observe and carry out his directions of their own will.2. It _ that he was never there. He went back on his promise to be present on the spot on time.3. They talked a lot to one another, over the telephone and _ his , which was helpful in promoting their mutual understanding and maintaining their long-lasting friendship.4. He often _ debt, although he has a decent salary. Thats why his wife always complained of his being able to support the family and finally left him.5. If you let me choose, I would _ a bunch of flowers _ a Barbie Doll as my birthday gift. Answer: 1. has taken root 2.turned out 3.in person 4.ran into 5.preferto7.The following games related words occur in this passage. Find 5 pairs of near synonyms and 2 pairs of near antonyms.potentialovercome descendantforefatherdilemmaaccommodateold-fashionedto get the better ofreveal hip inhibit to make knownto restrainpossibility to adapt unsatisfactory alternatives Synonyms 1 _ is similar in meaning to _. 2 _ is similar in meaning to _.3 _ is similar in meaning to _. 4 _ is similar in meaning to _.5 _ is similar in meaning to _. 6 _ is similar in meaning to _. Artonyms 1 _ is nearly opposite in meaning to _. 2 _ is nearly opposite in meaning to _.Synonyms Antonyms 1 potential; possibility 1 hip; old-fashioned 2 overcome; get the better of 2 descendant; forefather 3 dilemma; unsatisfactory alternatives 4 accommodate; adapt 5 reveal; make known 6 inhibit; restrain8. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.无论我们遇到什么样的困难， 我们都应当想措施克服它。(overcome)No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.2. 尊老爱幼是中华民族老式的美德。(traditional)Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.3. 今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all walks of life)Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.4. 孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for; take a fancy to) Children take a fancy to cartoons.5. 考虑到她们缺少经验，这工作她们做得不错。(given that)Given that they are lacking in experience/inexperienced/green hand, they have done a good job.9. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 1.The problem in Eastern societies is that cultural norms and romance often run into a dilemma: how do you tell a girl that you fancy her without putting yourself in a position in which you could lose face”. run into a dilemma: . 2.But while the market in the United States is huge, the potential for Hallmarks 1,300 different Valentines Day cards in Asia is even bigger. But while . 3.Since most of the Hallmark cards bought in Asia are produced within country, it seemed only natural that Hallmark cards would be translated into the local vernacular. Since , it seemed only natural that .4.If you really want to impress your Chinese girl-friend or your Japanese boy-friend, dont send them a Japanese or Mandarin language card. If you really want to impress .5. This is not surprising, given that Hallmark greeting cards have proven to be a great way to overcome some of the emotional restrictions that still reign in a number of Asian societies. This is not surprising, given that .1. She ran into a dilemma: she didnt know whether to accept or refuse his gift. 2. But while I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cant be solved. 3. Since he had committed such a serious crime, it seemed natural that he should be severely punished. 4. If you really want to impress your boss, you should have some original ideas.5. This is not surprising, given that they have made painstaking effort to overcome the difficulties.Passage B: The Great Global DVD Divide12. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. What does the author imply when he says Kids should watch even more TV? A) The complaint made by the parents is ill-founded. B) The amount of TV children watch is still too small. C) The way children watch TV is not appropriate. D) More TV programs should be watched but in a foreign language. 2. We can infer from this article that_. A) American children have a strong desire to learn foreign languages B) American children are less motivated to learn foreign languages C) American movies and DVD products cant meet the needs of American children D) American businessmen enjoy entertaining the world by spreading their products in English3.From the article, we can draw a conclusion that _. A) American movies and DVDs are still weak in technology B) American movie and DVD producers are quite far-sighted in business strategy C) American movie industry mainly relies on the home market for the big profits it makes D) American DVD producers ignored the global needs of the world over4. Which of the following is true? A) Hollywood unites the world both technologically and culturally B) The globalization of the English language will eventually benefits Hollywood. C) The quality of DVDs in Europe is much better than those in the U.S. D) Europeans enjoy learning English by watching DVD with two soundtracks.5. The purpose of the article is _. A) to argue that children should watch more TV than usual in other languages than English. B)to demonstrate the importance and necessity of American children to learn foreign languages C) to criticize DVD producers and persuade them to produce truly global DVD products for all users. D) to illustrate the global contribution made by Hollywood and the American entertainment industry .Answer: 1.D, 2.B, 3.D, 4.B, 5.C13. Answer the following questions with information from the passage.1.Why does the author say that children should watch even more TV?Because this is a good way for children to learn a foreign language.2. What are the problems Hollywood and American entertainment industry are now facing?Hollywood and American entertainment industry divide the world artificially in terms of technology and split the world into regional markets. They have created different technological standards for DVD players with different region-coding functions. This new kind of electronic Iron Curtain” will, in the long run, lead to a long-term loss for Hollywood and the American entertainment industry.3. Whats the secret of Hollywoods success?Globalization is the secret of Hollywoods success.4. What do you think are the underlying causes for the American entertainment industry to divide the world technologically? The American entertainment industry probably firmly believes that the U.S. is the greatest power in the world, and English is a global language. Therefore, the Code 1” (English language code) country should get the earliest release of all the best movies.5. How important are DVDs in American entertainment industry?The DVD market is rapidly becoming the most important money- making segment in the entertainment industry as DVD players become both cheap and widely diffused. 25% of Americas exports are comprised of entertainment industry products. Worldwide receipts on blockbuster movies routinely surpass sums earned in the U.S. market alone. 14. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.complain hail intuitive breakdown periodic release artificial distract alternate brilliant 1. If there is something wrong with the items you buy, you may make a direct _ to the manager. 2. He is suffering a nervous _ these days because so many things have happened unexpectedly. 3. He has such a _ brain in this aspect that nobody can match him. 4. The recently _ film is very popular with audiences. 5. The child cant concentrate on his reading; his attention is always easily _ by voices outside the room. 6. He and I go to the spare-time school on _ days. 7. Please take away the _ flowers on the desk away, and I will put some fresh ones there. 8. This might explain the _ feeling I have long had about pop music. 9. The old man should have _ health checkups. 10. They _ the agreement as a landmark. Answer: 1. complaint 2. breakdown 3. brilliant 4. released 5. distracted6 .alternate 7 .artificial 8 .intuitive 9 .periodic 10. hailed15. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions chosen from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1.In this international research center, the visiting scholars _ all parts of the world. 2. We should _ when looking at the phenomenon so that we can analyze it from a different angle. 3. She loves painting and writing poems so much that she has decided to _ her life to art and literature.4. Roosevelt was _ Germany in the World War II.5. Traffic _ for miles because of the accident that morning, which made me late for work.6. I had finally _ to their game and was not fooled by the evil people. Answer: 1. hail from 2. take a broader view 3. offer up 4.up in arms against 5.was stacked up 6. wised up16. Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage. Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank. If you think more than one noun is possible, write them down. 窗体顶端Verbs Nounsto run 1. a filmto release2. a diskto play3.a business to implement4.a solutionto improve5.ones profitsto maximize6.ones comprehensionto promote7.globalizationto create8.the worldto split9.a paradoxto offer10.a new standard窗体底端Answer: 1.to release a film 2.to play a disk 3.to run a business 4. to implement (offer) a solution 5.to improve ones comprehension 6.to maximize ones profits 7.to promote globalization 8.to split the world 9.to offer a paradox 10.to create a new standard17.Translate the following sentences into English. 1.不管你是喜欢还是厌恶，你都必须接受这个事实。(detest)No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.2. 家长们抱怨孩子们总是成天迷恋于电视节目。（fascinate）Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.3. 在一种全球化的世界里，任何一种国家和地区都不也许置身事外，避免外来文化和经济的影响和冲击。（escape ）Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.4. 在你以便时请及早跟我联系。( at your earliest convenience) Children take a fancy to cartoons.5. 由于好来坞全球化方略的成功，世界各个角落的人们都可以看到美国电影和影碟，但同步本土的文化也受到美国文化的的影响。(suff