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情态动词常用的情态动词有：can 能 may 可以 will，would （表意愿）need 需要 dare 敢 must 必须 have to 不得不shall，should 应当（表义务） ought to 应当1.can，could 的用法1.1表能力，有“能”、“会”、“可以”的意思例如：Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗？-Yes, I can. 我会。-No, I cant. 我不会。 1.2表容许，在口语中替代 may，有“可以”的意思例如：Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？ 1.3表达也许性，常用于否认句和疑问句例如：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？ Today is Sunday. He cant be at school.今天是星期天。她不也许在学校里。1.4过去式could表达的语调更加委婉、客气例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以来见你吗？1.5 can 和 be able to 的比较1) can 只有一般目前时和一般过去时两种时态(could)，其她时态要用be able to的形式例如：I havent been able to get in touch with her.我始终没能和她联系上。2) 一般can 和 be able to 可以互换例如：He will come if he can.如果也许的话，她一定会来。2.may，might的用法2.1表达许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your computer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？2.2回答以may开头的疑问句有如下体现法：例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-Yes, you may. -Yes, please.-No, you cant. -No, you mustnt.-No, youd better not.2.3表达猜想，一般只用于陈述句例如：You may be right.你也许是对的。 2.4过去式might表达的语调更加委婉、客气例如：Might I use your pen for a while?我能用用你的钢笔吗？2.5在口语中can可以替代may表达许可，但can较随便，may改正式例如：Can I use your bike, John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？ May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗3.must 的用法3.1表义务，“必须”例如：You must talk to them about their study.你必须同她们谈谈有关她们学习的事。 3.2在否认构造中表不许、严禁例如：You mustnt leave here.你不能离开这儿。 3.3表坚定的建议例如：You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你就得立即来见我们。 3.4表推测，暗具有很大的也许性例如：He must be ill. He looks so pale.她肯定是病了。她的脸色那么苍白。注意may 暗含的也许性较小，must 暗含的也许性较大。3.5有关must的简短回答：例如：Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须立即打扫餐厅吗？-Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. -No, you dont have to.4.have to的用法have to 虽属于情态动词，但它有人称、数的变化，它的疑问句否认句的构成也和其她情态动词有所不同。4.1 have to表客观的需要和义务，must表主观结识例如：I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车，因此我只得打的。4.2在疑问句和否认句中，have to多用助动词do构成，must则直接提前或加not。例如：Did he have to do it?她得做那件事吗？ He didnt have to do it.她不需要做那件事。4.3在否认句中，have to表达不需要，must表不容许。例如：You dont have to go there.你不需要去那儿。 You mustnt go there?你不可去那儿。4.4虽然must可以用在过去时态中，但是have to更能直接了当的体现过去时间概念。例如：She must see Hubert that very night.她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。 I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天6点离开。5.need 的用法need既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时，没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，有数的变化和人称的变化，后接带to的不定式。5.1用于否认句，表“不必”例如：You neednt worry.你不必紧张。 I dont think you need worry.我想你不必紧张。 5.2用于疑问句，表“需要吗”例如：Need you go? 你得去吗？-No, I neednt. 不必。-Yes, I must. 是的，我必须去。 5.3 need用作实义动词时，要注意始终以实义动词的原则贯彻究竟例如：（对的）Do you need to go there?（错误）Do you need go there?6.will和would的用法6.1 will，用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表达“意志”“决心”“祈求”是情态动词。would亦同理。例如：Hell be here this afternoon.今天下午她会来这儿。（助动词） Will you tell her that Im here?请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？（情态动词） 6.2用于多种人称，表达“意志”“决心”“允诺”例如：I will try.我愿一试。 6.3在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出祈求或询问例如：If you want help， let me know, will you?如果你需要协助，让我懂得，好吗？ Will you type this, please?请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you sit down?请坐下，好吗？6.4 would比will客气委婉例如：Would you help us, please?请您协助我们，好吗？（表祈求） Id go there with you.我要和你一块到那儿去。（表意愿） Dad wouldnt allow it.爸爸不会容许这件事。（表许可）7.shall和should的用法7.1 shall用于构成将来时是助动词，shall用于征求对方的意见，表达“决心”是情态动词例如：Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.也许今年冬天我会去英国观光。（构成一般将来时，助动词） Shall I turn on the light, Mom?妈妈，我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall be there.我会到那儿去的。（表“决心”，情态动词） 7.2 should用于构成将来时是助动词。should用于表达“应当”“猜想”是情态动词例如：We thought we should never see you again.我们觉得再也见不到你了。（构成一般过去将来时，助动词） I should write some letters tonight.今晚我得写几封信。（表“应当”，情态动词） They should be there by now.她们目前也许到了。（表“猜想”，情态动词）8.ought to的用法ought to 表达应当、理应做什么例如：You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today.你应当把教室打扫了，由于今天是你值日。9.情态动词表达“推测”的用法情态动词表达“推测”时，要记住如下两种推测和形式推测：对过去发生动作或状态的推测；对目前状态的推测。两种形式：用情态动词加完毕时态表达对过去发生动作或状态的推测；用情态动词加动词原型表达对目前发生动作或状态的推测。具体用法如下：9.1 must have done表达过去一定做了什么，语调十分肯定例如：You must have finished your work.你一定完毕了你的工作。9.2 cant have done表达过去不也许做了什么，语调也比较肯定(是上面的否认形式)例如：He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk with him just now.她不也许去过北京，由于我刚和她交谈过。9.3 neednt have done表达过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。例如：You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要来这样早的。9.4 should have done过去该做什么但没有做。(具有责怪的意思)。例如：You should have started earlier.你本应当早点开始的。9.5 shouldnt have done表达过去不该做什么但做了。(具有责怪的意思)例如：You shouldnt have helped him, he could do it himself.你本不该协助她的，她能自己做。9.6 ought to have done表达过去该做什么而没有做。(是职责和义务)例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt.)你应当协助她的。9.7 can/could do sth.表达对目前状况的猜想，常用于否认句、疑问句或感慨句中。例如：This news cant be true.这消息不也许是真的。9.8 may/might do sth. 表达对目前状况的猜想，常用于肯定句中。例如：Mr.Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也许懂得李专家的电话号码。针对性练习：1) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) neednt have washedB) shouldnt have washedC) must not have washedD) can not have washed2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A) should study B) should have studiedC) must have studiedD) must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have beenB) shouldnt have beenC) mustnt have been D) wouldnt have been4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A) must have sailedB) can sailC) might have sailedD) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A) should have beenB) must have beenC) must beD) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A) cant have changedB) wouldnt have changedC) must have changedD) shouldnt have changed7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) neednt goB) had better not goC) should not goD) neednt have gone8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) must receiveB) ought to receiveC) must have receivedD) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have gone C) could not goD) couldnt have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She _earlier.A) should get upB) must get upC) need to get upD) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) neednt have eaten B) couldnt have eaten C) mustnt have eaten D) shouldnt have eaten12) I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _.A) had B) would doC) should have D) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him.A) might have askedB) should askedC) must have asked D) should have asked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A) ought to getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must get15) The road was muddy. It_ last night.A) must rainedB) must have rainedC) must be rainedD) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She_.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time 17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_.A) was used to beB) used to beC) was used toD) use to18)- “We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.” - “He _it.”A) mustnt visitB) cant have visitedC) should have gone to seeD) may see 19) Mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should have received B) has receivedC) Couldnt have receivedD) ought to have received20) I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to giveB) liked to give C) have liked to giveD) would like to give21)- “Where _ my umbrella?” - “Somebody _ it away by mistake.”A) is, must have takenB) is, must takeC) have been, must takeD) is, takes22) What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you supposeB) you supposeC) do you supposeD) you would suppose23) Two eyes _see more than one.A) canB) mayC) willD) should24) _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) WouldB) WillC) MayD) Should 25) We ought to help each other in our work, _?A) oughtnt weB) should weC) shouldnt weD) ought to we26) Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldnt know C) has knownD) should have known27) You _ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.A) had better gotB) had to get better C) had better to getD) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A) neednt hurryB) didnt need hurryC) neednt to hurryD) neednt have hurried29) It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A) might have injuredB) could injureC) should have injuredD) must injure 30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A) neednt B) may not C) mustntD) cant31) An Englishman who _not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) mustB) couldC) may D) might32) I _like to make a suggestion.A) could B) would C) must D) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties.A) can B) may C) must D) ought34 I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A) may have been taken away B) may leave C) may take away D) must have taken away35) He _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A) can reach B) could catchC) may not catch D) couldnt have caught情态动词部分练习题答案1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D1. You _angry with her, for she is very young.A. need not to be B. dont need to C. need not be D. need not2. “It _Mary who is in the office.”“Im sure it _her. I saw her off at the airport just twenty minutes ago.”A. cant be, cant be B. must be, mustnt beC. must be, cant be D. cant be, mustnt be3. You look pale. You _ill.A. can be B. must be C. should be D. has to be4. You _in your exercises in time so that you can get them back now.A. should hand B. shall hand C. Shall have handed D. should have handed5. He saw her only a minute ago, so he said that she _ not have gone to Tibet.A. must B. could C. might D. need6. “Wont you tell me more about your problems?”“I _talk about it any more.”A. would rather not to B. wouldnt rather C. would rather not D. wouldnt rather to7. “My goodness I just missed the train.”“Thats too bad. I am sure you _ it, if you had hurried.”A. could have caught B. had caught C. would catch D. could catch8. I _ tell her the truth.A. cannot help B. cannot but C. may not help D. could but9. It was so dark outside that he didnt _. A. dare to go out to fetch some water B. dare fetch some waterC. dare to go out bring some water D. to dare to fetch some water10. He left yesterday, so he _ in Beijing.A. may arrive B. may have arrived C. must arrive D. arrived11. Comrade Li _ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. isnt able to 12. You _ go now. Its getting late.A. had rather B. would rather C. had better D. would better13. Since she is angry, we _.A. had better to leave her alone B. should leave her aloneC. might as well leave her alone D. must leave her alone14. Look, what youve done! You _ more careful.A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be15. She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praise B. ought be praised C. ought to praised D. ought to be praised16. I _ get this done immediately or it will be too late.A. can B. shall C. may D. must17. _ I ask your name, please?A. Will B. Shall C. May D. Must18. Why _ you always interrupt me?A. can B. will C. may D. must19. He _ blind not to see that car coming.A. can have been B. will have been C. may have been D. must have been20. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. succeeded to D. was able to21. _ repeat the question? A. Shall I B. Will I C. Would you like that I D. Do you want that I 22. Since the ground is wet, it _ last night.A. should have rained B. has rained C. must rain D. must have rained23._open the door for you?A. Would you like me B. Do you want me C. Will you mind me D. Shall I24.Professor Li, many students want to see you. _they wait here or outside?A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are25.I wasnt sure whether I _offer to help or not.A. should B. might C. would D. could26. “I havent felt well for a week.”“You_ see a door.”A. had ought to B. had better C. should have to D. had rather27.You _read that book if you dont want to.A. havent B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt28.Although he tried he_ not make it.A. would B. should C. might D. could29.I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I _wait until the rain stops.A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to30.He ought _have done so even if possible.A. not to B. to not C. not D. never31.It _be difficult to learn Tibetan.A. shall B. must C. should D. need32.He promised he _not do it any more.A. would B. should C. might D. could33.I _ have been here, but I_ not find the time.A. should, would B. should, could C. might, could D. could, could34.I want to go the doctor, but you _with me.A. need not to go B. do not need go C. need not go D. need go not35.I dont believe him. He _ be serious.A. neednt B. cant C. maynt D. mustnt36.Would you like to see the movie tonight? I _ meet you at the gate of the Student Center.A. may B. will C. must D. ought to37.I _ not get away any sooner although I had planned to leave earlier.A. should B. would C. could D. might38. She quickened her pace in order that she _ with the others.A. may catch up B. might catch up C. could have caught up D. might have caught up39. The boy stood there without _ a word.A. dare to say B. daring to say C. dared to say D. dare say40. _ you rather sit at the back?A. Wont B. Wouldnt C. Dont D. Will41. You _ yourself about money.A. need not worry B. have worryC. are not being worried D. need not be worried42. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say43. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given44. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. mustnt hurry D. neednt have hurried45. “They have changed the program without notice.”“Thats a pity; _ yesterdays football match.”A. I like to watch B. I liked watchingC. Id like watching D. Id like to have watched46. “Would you like to join us in the game?” “ _.”A. Much obliged B. You are welcome C. Id love to D. If you please47. I think that you had better _ earlier.A. start getting up B. to get up C. to start to get up D. started getting up48. To learn to swim well, _.A. much practice is needed by one B. one is needed much practiceC. much practice is needed D. one needs much practice49. The streets are all dry. It _ during the night.A. cant have rained B. mustnt have rainedC. couldnt rain D. shouldnt have rained50. - “Did you blame him for his mistakes?” - “Yes, but _ it.”A. I shouldnt have done B. I shouldnt doC. I should have done D. I should do15 CCBDB 610 CABAB 1115 BCCCD 1620 DCDDD2125ADDCA 2630BDDDA 3135 BABCB 3640BCBBB 4145ABDDD 4650 CADAA1. “ Must we do it now?” “ No, you _.”A. wont B. neednt C. cant D. dont2. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing 3. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come4. “ May I pick a flower in the garden?” “ _.” A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont5. Youd better _ late next time. A. dont B. not be C. not being D. wont be6. “ Can I leave this door open at night?” “ You _ better not.” A. should B. could C. would D. must7. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must8. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must 9. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried10. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given11. Its freezing outside. You _ put on your overcoat. A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to 12. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 13. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost14. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been15. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give16. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not17-Could I borrow your dictionary?- Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should18. - Shall we go skating or stay at home? - Which _ do yourself? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather19. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told20. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will21. -Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 22. - Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. - _.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent23. - There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldn
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