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lesson 75 SOS 呼救信号New words and expressionsthick adj.厚的（反义词thin 薄的）eg. This board is the thickest of all. 这木板是最厚的。 a thick book 一本厚书； thick walls 厚墙壁； ice ten centimeters thick 十厘米厚的冰粗的，粗大的 （反义词thin 纤细的） a thick line 粗线； thick fingers 粗大的手指 (液体，气体) 浓的，浓厚的 （反义词thin 稀薄的）eg. This source is too thick. 这调味汁太浓了。 thick soup 浓汤； a thick fog 浓雾，大雾（树林，树叶，毛发等）密的，浓密的 （反义词thin 稀疏的） a thick forest 茂密的森林； thick hair 浓密的头发thick adj.有关短语： give a person a thick ear （英口语）把（某人）耳朵打肿 through thick and thin 经历过艰难困苦，无论什么状况thicken v.使变厚 （粗，浓）thickness n.thickhearded adj. 笨头笨脑的，傻里傻气的signaln. 信号，暗号 a distress signal 遇难信号； a danger signal 危险信号eg . She gave the signal of emergency. 她发出紧急状况的暗号。n. 信号器，交通信号eg. The traffic signal wasnt working. 交通信号失灵了。 v. 发信号，以信号告知 signal + n.eg. How can we signal that row-boat.? 我们如何才干发信号告知那条划艇呢？ signal orders 以信号下达命令；signal a message 用信号发送消息 signal to + sb + to do（向）发信号示意要eg. He signal to the band to start playing.她向乐队做出手势开始演奏。v. 发信号，以信号告知 signal to + sb + that （向）发送信号称，发信号说eg. She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right. 她对其她女孩发信号说一切正常。stamp v. 跺（脚，地板等），跺脚eg. He stamped his feet in anger. / He stamped his feet with anger. 她气得直跺脚。eg. He stamped about the room impatiently. 她很不耐烦，在房间里踱着足来回走动。eg. She stamped upstairs. 她踏着重重的步子走上楼梯。v. 用力踩住，踩坏eg. Dont stamp on insects. 不要踩死昆虫。eg. The naughty boys stamped the grass flat. 那些顽皮的男孩踩坏了草坪。n. 邮票eg. My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的嗜好是收集邮票。n. 印章，戳记 a rubber stamp 橡皮章 a date stamp 日期印helicopter 直升飞机（口语简称为copter）eg. A helicopter was flying above the school. 一架直升飞机在学校上空飞着。scene n.现场，地点eg. They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident. 她们冲到交通事故现场。C 光景，景色，风景 a beautiful scene from the top of the mountain 从山顶看到的美丽景色eg. The night scene in Honolulu was quite fantastic. 檀香山的夜景绝佳。 （戏剧，故事等的）场面，舞台，地点eg. The last scene of the play was very impressive. 这部戏的最后一种场面令人印象深刻。eg. The scene of that movie is set in Paris in the 1920s. 那部戏的背景设在二十世纪二十年代scene n. 有关短语：behind the scenes 在幕后地，秘密地 come on the scene (口) 浮现，登场make a scene 大吵大闹 on the scene （口） 在现场，当场scenery n. U 风景（某地区的） the scenery of the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉的风景eg. The scenery is beautiful around here. 这里的景色很美。scenic adj. 风景如画的 a scenic spot 风景胜地survivor n. 生存者，幸存者survive v. 经历（劫难等）之后还活着，由中生还eg. Only one baby survived the terrible car crash. 在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一种婴儿生还。eg. Few houses in this district have survived after the storm. 本地区暴风雨后残留下来的房屋寥寥无几。survival n. U 幸存，存活Key Structures一般过去时在前面的第3,27,51课的语法重点讲的就是一般过去时。一般过去时重要表达过去某时发生的动作或状况（涉及习惯性动作） 重点注意：某些常用动词的过去式的不规则变化。Exercise 用对的的时态填空： Once upon a time, there_(live) a woodman and his wife. They_(be) very poor, and they_(live) in a cottage on the edge of forest. Everyday, the woodman_(will) set out early in the morning to chop down trees.Exercise 用对的的时态填空： Just as she_(walk) in the door, the telephone_(begin) to ring. She_(dash) to answer the phone and_(find) that the caller_(be) a man trying to sell her some light bulbs. She_(refuse) and _ (hang) up the phone.答案：lived ;were ; lived ; would.翻译：好久好久此前，有个樵夫和她的妻子，她们非常的穷，住在森林边上的一种小屋子里。每天一大早，这个樵夫就出门去砍柴。答案：walked; began(动词begin的不规则变化); dashed; found(动词find的不规则变化); was; refused; hung(动词hang的不规则变化)翻译：她一回到家，电话响了，她冲过去接电话发现，打电话的是个推销员，推销某些灯泡，她回绝了，挂断电话。本文是有关一场飞机失事的故事。文章标题：SOS 国际通用的呼救信号有关SOS，人们的理解有： save our souls（拯救我们的灵魂） save our ship（拯救我们的船只）其实，这两种理解都不对。SOS是莫尔斯电码符号（三点，三横，三点），是一种以便快捷的发电报方式。因此SOS始终沿用下来，表达国际通用的呼救信号TextWhen a light passengerplaneflew off coursesome time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed.不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。 a light passenger plane 一架轻型客机 a cargo plane / a cargo aircraft 一架货机 fighter plane 战斗机 civil aviation 民用航空 fly off course 偏离航线 course 所经之路，方向，路线，航线，过程，进程，课程 a south-ward course 向南的路线eg. Our course is directly north. 我们的路线是朝正北的。eg. He gave me some advice on my future course. 她就我将来的发展方向给力我某些意见eg. You can see the course of the river on the map. 你在地图上可以看到河流的走向 fly from the country 逃亡国外The only passengers, a young woman andher two baby daughters, were unhurt.机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。 unhurt v.平安无事，没有受伤 （反义词hurt 受伤） hurtv. 使（身体）受伤，使疼痛eg. Im not hurt. Im all right. 我没有受伤，我较好。eg. Be careful not to hurt yourself./ Be careful not to get hurt. 小心不要伤到自己。 v. 使(人，身体)疼痛eg. These shoes are tight and hurt my feet. 这双鞋太紧了，夹的我脚疼。eg. My injured left leg still hurts. 我受伤的左腿还很疼。eg. My shoes hurt. 我的鞋很挤脚。It was themiddleof winter.正是隆冬时节。 It was the middle of winter=It was midwinter. mid- 前缀表达“在中央，在中间” midsummer 仲夏； midnight 半夜； midfield （足球场等的）中场 middle man 经销商，中间人； middle finger 中指； the Middle East 中东，中东地区 middle class 中产阶级； middle aged 中年的； the middle of nowhere （口）偏远的某地Snowlay thickon the ground. 地上积着厚厚的雪。 lay 为系动词，thick 是表语，表达主语的状态或性质。The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away.这位妇女懂得，虽然近来的村庄也有数英里远。When it grow turneddark, sheturneda suitcase intoa bed and put the children inside it,coveringthem withall the clothes she could find.天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。 grew是动词原形grow的过去式。 grow: 变得 grow dark 变得黑了 表达“变得”的系动词尚有：grow, turn, go, get, come, fall等等grow eg. He grew angry when I told him about it. / He got angry when I told him about it.我告诉她这件事的时候她变得气愤。turn eg. The leaves are turning yellow. / The leaves are getting yellow. 树叶慢慢变黄了。（turn 一般表达颜色变化）go eg. This apple has gone bad. 苹果变坏了。 （go一般表达事物由于好变坏）get eg. Coal got scarce last winter. 去年冬天煤变得很缺少。 （get最常用）come eg. Everything you said came true. 你说的一切都成真了 。 （come一般构成固定搭配，come true, come right, come wrong, come loose）fall eg. She fell ill while she was on holiday. 她度假的时候病倒了。 （fall 一般构成固定搭配，fall ill, fall asleep） turn.into 相称于 change.into 把.变成 cover 覆盖 covering 目前分词，在本文中作状语。 coverwith 用覆盖 be cover with 被覆盖 all the clothes she could find，她能找到的所有的衣物，she could find是定语从句，修饰clothes这个名词。During the night, it got terriblycold. 夜里，天变得非常的冷。 got是动词原形get的过去式 get: 变得 terribly adv . 非常 eg. Im terrible sorry. 我非常抱歉。 terribly adj. 可怕的 （注意形容词和副词的含义不同样）The woman kept as near as she couldto the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small.这位妇女尽量地接近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。 as.as. as near as she could 尽量近； as quickly as possible 尽量地快； run as fast as you can 尽量地快跑； as many as possible 尽量地多Early next morning, she heard planes passing overheadandwonderedhowshe could send a signal.第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不懂得如何才干发个信号。 hear sb do 听到某人做某事 hear sb doing 听到某人正在做某事 overhead adv. 在头顶上，在上空，在楼上 birds flying overhead 鸟在上空飞翔 overhear 无意中听到，偶尔听到； overindulge 过度沉溺 wonder v. 疑惑，想懂得eg. I wonder what happened. 我想懂得发生什么事情了。eg. I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 我想懂得明天会与否会下雨。 how 引导的这个宾语从句，注意宾语从句中间是陈述语序。Then she had an idea.后来她有了一种主意。 have an idea 想出措施，有主意了 pop up an idea 忽然有主意了 form an idea of 产生的想法 give a person an idea of 使明白eg. This book will give you a rough idea of what the everyday life of ordinary Americans is like.这本书会让你大体明白一般美国人的平常生活是怎么样的。 What an idea! 多么荒唐，不像话She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radioto the nearest town.她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运的是，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给近来的城乡发了报。 by radio 用无线电信号 by prep. 通过方式 by cheque 用支票；by letter 写信； by telephone 打电话； by working hard 凭着努力工作It was notlong beforea helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几种幸存者。 long before 引导的是个时间状语从句 （一般过去时）It was not long before 不久就 （一般将来时）It will not be long before 大概不久就会，大概一会就会eg. It will not be long before they understand each other. 大概不久她们就会互相理解的。区别： long before 好久此前 before long 不久后来（可以指过去，也也许指将来）eg. I met him in 1990. Before long, we became good friends. 我在1990年遇到她。不久，我们就成为好朋友了。Special difficulties表“变得”的系动词：grow/become/turn/get/go/come/fall做练习，巩固不同语境中选择哪个“变得”比较恰当。Exercise 用对的的动词填空：（注意时态哟，并且答案不是唯一滴）1. During the night it _ terribly cold. 在夜里，天变得非常的冷。 表达天气变化的时候，可以使用get, grow, turn ,become。 （got/grew/turned/became）2. He was so tired, he _asleep. 她如此的累，她睡着了。 固定搭配 fall asleep （fell）3. When the teacher left the classroom, the children _ noisy. 当教师离开教室，孩子们变得吵闹起来。 变得吵闹，可以用grow这个词（grew）4. If you do not put the milk in the refrigerator, it will _ sour. 如果你不把牛奶放冰箱的话，它会变酸的。 由好变坏的时候，一般用go这个词，用turn也可以的（go/turn）5. Thisknobhas _ loose. 这个把手变松了。 固定搭配 come loose ，或者become loose（come/become）6. The children _ quiet when he entered the room. 当她进入房间的时候，孩子们变得安静。 变得安静，可以用grow这个词（grew）7. Even though I am _ older, I am not _ wiser. 尽管我变老了，我没有变得聪颖。 变老、变聪颖，逐渐变化的过程，可以用grow或是get（growing/getting; growing/getting）8. Shes _ so fat you wont recognize her. 她变得如此胖，你都不能认出她来了。 变胖，用get或者是grow（got/grown）9. This post _vacantlast year. 这个职位去年是空缺的。 固定搭配fall vacant （fell）10. Dont worry, everything will_ right in the end. 别紧张，一切都会好起来的。 固定搭配 come right 好起来(come)Exercise1. It was not long before a helicopter arrived.It arrived_ .A. after B. soon afterwards C. behind D. much later答案：B 分析：A. 在之后 B. 不久，不久 C.在背面D. 更晚的2. It got terribly cold.The cold was _.A. frightening B. horrifying C. shocking D. frightful答案：D 分析：A. 使惊恐，惊吓，是动词frighten的目前分词形式，很少做形容词用，由于它的形容词形式是frightful更常用某些； B. 令人毛骨悚然的，使震惊的，这个词也很少用作形容词，由于它已有形容词形式horrible；C. 令人震惊的，骇人的，极坏的，语调比terrible要强烈；D. 惊人的，可怕的，极大的，非常的，是动词frighten的形容词形式。3. She wondered how she could send a signal. She wanted to send_.A. a letter B. a sign C. a signature D. a message答案：D分析：A. 一封信，一种字母； B. 记号，标志； C. 签名，签名； D. 消息，信息，音信。4. Cancer is second only_ heart disease as a cause of death.A. to B. of C. with D. from答案：A分析：固定搭配 be second to 二等的，次于，劣于；eg. Speaking English is second nature to him. 讲英语对她来说是第二天性。重点复习一般过去时表达过去某时做了某事或过去某时处在某种状态的含义。fly off course 偏离航线be unhurt 没有受伤wonder that 疑惑；想懂得grow dark 变得黑了turn into 把变成send a signal 发出信号It was not long before 不久就，long before 引导定语从句on the scene 在现场stamp out 踩出 踏出谚语The pot calling the kettle black.指责别人的人自己也患有同样的毛病；锅嫌水壶黑；五十步笑百步。
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