模块六复习讲义

模块六复习讲义一、 语法：（一） 虚拟语气：1、 虚拟条件句：在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 从 句主 句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。如: If you had taken my advice then（=Had you taken my advice then），you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam.2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词。如: I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would/could十动词原形。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 (2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。（二）“it”的用法1、作人称代词：指代同名同物的单数名词或不可数名词， 指代不确定的人物； 指代疑问句中的指示代词this/that；指代时间、距离、天气或环境。It is fine this evening.2、“it”作引导词， 作形式主语或形式宾语，后带动词不定式短语、动名词短语或名词性从句。特别需要注意不定式短语中of/for的差异。(1）作形式主语。如：It is difficult to understand the passage. It is no use trying.4)It+take+(sb.) some time / some money+to do sth. 5)It+be+said / reported / told等+that-clause. 例如: It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 6)It+vt.+sb.+that-clause. 例如: It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.（2）作形式宾语。如：1) S.+vt.(think/find/feel/make/consider)+it+adj. / n.+(for sb.) to do sth. Do you think it possible for them to send an engineer there? 2) S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+doing sth. 例如: You must find it exciting working here. 3) S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+that-clause. 例如: I think it a pity that you didnt try harder. 3、构成强调句。如：Its+被强调部分+that(who/whom) +剩余部分. It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看见李明。(三） The ing form:Tell the difference between doing and having done动词-ing 作状语：V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing 作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。作时间状语 Walking along the street(=While I was walking along the street), I met Mary. 作原因状语Being tired (=Because I was tired), I stopped to take a rest.作条件状语Turning to the left(=If you turn the left), you will find the school. If you work hard, youll succeed. =_hard, youll succeed. =_hard, and youll succeed.作让步状语 ：Though he worked hard, he was still unable to support the whole family.=_ hard as he did, he was still unable to support the whole family.作伴随状语 I stood there, waiting for her. (=I stood there, and _ for her.)V-ing 形式的完成式:如果V-ing 表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing 的完成式，即是：Having +P.P(过去分词), 主语+谓语1. After she had finished her work, she went home.=_ _her work, she went home.2. As we have invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture. =_ _him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture.二、单元知识重点归纳Unit One重点词汇：focus on; a great deal of+un/v+a great deal; scores of; in the flesh;valune; aim at; convince; ridiculous; attepemt to do sth; predict; an art exhibition; permanent; district; tip;would rather; prefer; would like to do sth.Unit 2重点词汇:nusery rhyme; take it easy; run out/run out of; make up of; poem/poet; aspect; recite; transform; translate/translation; brach; thread; appropriate; in darknesss; pattern; look forward to(doing) sth.Unit 3重点词汇:due to; addicated to; accustomed to; decide on; in spite of; feel like doing sth/ would like to do sth. ;take risk; at risk; risk doing sth.; get into; stand for; cigarette; stress/stressful; mental/mentally; be/feel ashamed of; male/female; perfect/perfectly; judge/judgement; illegal;quit smoking;Do you mind doing /if Unit 4重点词汇: compare to/compare with; come about; quantieties of; result in/from; build up ones body; keep on doing sth.; on the whole; make a difference; put up with; so long as; and so on; phenomena; fuel; quantity/quanlity; climate/weather; glance; widespread; steady/steadily; average; pollution; Im afraid not. I think/hope/believe/suppose so.Unit 5重点词汇:compare with; be burnt to the ground; make ones way; make an effort to do sth. ;glance through; vary fromto; crystal clear; erupt/eruption; volcano; adventure; evaluate; unfortunately; absolte(-ly); fantastic; potential; impressive; precious; cancel; tremble; anxiety/anxious; courage; diverse/diversity; unique; bath/bathe; guarantee三、同步复习练习第一节：1根据所给的首字母或汉语注释写出所缺单词的完整形式 (一空一词,每空1分)1. He handed me a b_ of flowers.2.Is this your p_ address, or are you only staying there for a short time?3.Real good friends should share happiness and s_ as well.4.No words can c_ my thanks to you at the moment.5.I sewed this dress with silk t_.第二节：根据中文意思，完成句子。(每空0.5分，共5 分)6.Were fast _ _ of the cigarettes.我们的香烟很快就用完了。7. The accident was _ _ careless driving.这车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。8.Harry Porter is _ _ many languages.哈里波特被翻译成许多种语言。9. There are _ _ of students on the playground.操场上有四十个学生。10. The boy soon became _ _ hard work.那男孩不久就习惯于苦工。第三节： 单项选择11. I hate when people talk with their mouths full.A. it B. that C. those D. them12. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook a doctor.A. Dressing; than B. To dress; rather than C. Dressed; than D. Having dressed; rather than 13. Was it because of the rain the water level of the river has increased 3 cm 4 meter.A. so; by; to B. that; to; by C. so; to; by D. that; by; to14. Not until risk through the answer.A. does the teacher come back I will; to glance B. the teacher comes back will I; to glanceC. the teacher comes back will I ; glancing D. does the teacher come back I will; glancing15. With so much work to do, to play football.A. there is no time B. there are no time C. I have no time D. it is too busy16. What one thinks and feels _ tradition, habit and his education which may _ his character.A. due to, result in B. is resulted in, result from C. resulted from, be due to D. results from, result in17. He insisted that the poem required .A. was; to recite B. was; reciting C. be; to recite D. be; reciting18. Autumn , the leaves began covering the ground.A. has come; fallen B. having come; fallen C. comes; falling D. having come; falling19. I dare it is the first time he his temper.A. saying; when; lost B. saying; that; has lost C. to say; that; lost D. say; that; has lost20. Much I like this sculpture, I cant afford it.A. as; / B. though; but C. although; / D. as; but21. I cant become infected_ HIV by swimming in a pool, or sitting in a bath.A. to B. by C. with D. at22. How I wish I_ to the lecture with my classmates the day before yesterday. But I was ill at home then.A. went B. would go C. were to go D. had gone23.This computer doesnt work properly, because the operating system has_.A. broken up B. broken down C. broken out D. broken away24.We would not allow her _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. to risk to go D. risk going25.You didnt let me drive, if we_ in turn, you_ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; would not have got26.May I book two tickets for the football match on August 8 ? Sorry, sir. But we have no tickets _A. spare B. useful C. available D. suitable27. -“ Well have the exam next week; Im really worried.” -“_”A. Just so-so B. Take it easy C. No need D. Too early 28. _ the high price, demand for these cars is very high.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. Thanks to29. Only in this way _the problem that has been discussed several times.A. could we solve B. we could solve C. can we solve D. we can solve30. He insisted that he_ his best and _ rewarded.A. had done, must be B. did, must be C. do, should be D. had done, be31. _ food has been sent to the disaster area to help the people who lost their homes.A. A large amount of B. A large number ofC. A great many D. A great many of32. -Is it my age _the boss minds? -Im afraid not. He will consider _ necessary to have an experienced assistant.A. which ; it B. that ; it C. which ; that D. that ; that33.The scientist _ that there would be a rainstorm the next week and it did happen.A. predicted B. related C. observed D. debated34. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 35.Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.A. puts up B. takes up C. saves up D. makes up 第四节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）I will donate blood as long as I am healthy, thats a citizens responsibility, said Peter Weber, Swiss by birth and general manager of Four Seasons Shanghai, 36 donating blood in a blood collection bus on Friday morning. Despite the heat wave 37 the city, nearly 40 employees of the local leading hotel donated this precious gift, 400ml of blood each, to 38 in need of transfusion. 39 last week, the citys blood centers have been thirsty for healthy blood because the need for blood 40 in summer when traffic and burn accidents are more 41 . But the number of donors decreases significantly(明显减少) 42 the hot weather. During the first half of the year, blood donation increased 43 about 5.5 per cent but the clinical (医学的) use of blood jumped by 11.2 per cent. Right after we heard that the blood centre was short of healthy blood last week, we sent 44 to our employees calling them to donate, said Stanley Ng, the hotels human resources director. Our staff (工作人员) feel 45 to help the hotel make a contribution to public welfare events. Meanwhile, the hotel also 46 leaflets (传单) to 50 nearby office buildings informing and encouraging their employees 47 the Friday donation effort. I hope my blood will help 48 in need, especially the patients with financial difficulty, said one donor. Donating blood is good for others and also good for oneself and family. One day, if I or my family members need to use blood, we 49 receive such help from others. According to the China Blood Donation Law, blood donors can use blood up to 50 they have donated within five years free of charge. Their family members can also use the same amount of donated blood, also free of charge. In addition, public education on the 51 of blood donation should be improved and more convenient procedures adapted. The arrival of the blood collection bus at our hotel makes giving blood 52 more convenient. Otherwise, its quite complicated（复杂）, with the need to make a trip to a hospital (blood collection centre), Weber 53 . All local residents who are 54 to donate their blood, are invited to contact the citys Blood Centre via two blood donation 55 : 6219-1114, 6275-8257. 36. A. while B. if C. than D. because 37. A. reaching B. washing C. striking D. leaving 38. A. doctors B. patients C. nurses D. customers 39. A. By B. At C. In D. Since 40. A. falls B. drops C. raises D. grows 41. A. ordinary B. usual C. common D. average 42. A. in spite of B. instead of C. as a result of D. in face of 43. A. by B. at C. for D. from 44. A. announcements B. notices C. advertisements D. letters 45. A. sorry B. satisfied C. interested D. proud 46. A. made up B. gave off C. sent out D. put on 47. A. to join B. join C. joining D. joins 48. A. that B. which C. those D. what 49. A. must B. can C. may D. need 50. A. five times the amount B. the amount five times C. five times the number D. the number five times 51. A. difficulty B. possibility C. reality D. importance 52. A. very B. quite C. far D. really 53. A. wondered B. said C. doubted D. answered 54. A. likely B. possible C. willing D. unwilling 55. A. calls B. telephones C. addresses D. hotlines 第五节、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。AFading beauty She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa. The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum(卢浮宫博物馆) where it is housed. “The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years ago,” the museum said. Visitors have noticed changes but repairing the worlds most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state(化学状态). Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile. “It is very interesting that when youre not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “Its because direct vision (视觉) is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.” However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile. Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to Frances King Francis I in 1519. In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat. He said he panned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later. During World War II, French hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces. Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell.56. What does the writer mean by “time is catching up with the Mona Lisa”?A. The painting woman is not so beautiful any more. B. Ageing is something that affects us all.C. The painting needs repairing. D. At such an old age, she is no longer popular.57. What makes the repair work difficult?A.The wooden panel is thin and old.B.No one knows exactly what materials were used to create the painting and how it might respond to treatment.C. The health of the painting is suffering. D. Experts cant agree on how to carry out repairs.58. What makes her so mysterious according to Professor Livingston?A. The materials the Italian artist used. B. The way she smiles.C. The way Da Vinci painted the smile. D. It plays a trick upon the human eyesBWatercolor（水彩画） is the oldest paints known. It dates back to the early cave men who discovered they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the wall of caves by mixing the natural colors found in the earth with water.Fresco（壁画）, one of the greatest art forms, is done with watercolor, it is created by mixing paints and water and applying these to wet plaster（灰泥）. Of the thousands of people who stand under Michelangelos works in the Sistine Chapel, very few know they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolor painting in the world. The invention of oil painting by the Glemish masters in the fifteenth century made fresco painting go downhill, and for the next several centuries watercolor was used mainly for doing sketches（素描） or as tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters put back watercolor as a serious art form. The English have widely-known love for the outdoors and also for small, private pictures. The softness of watercolor had a remarkably strong attraction for them.The popularity of watercolor continued to grow until the twentieth century. The United States passed England a s the center of watercolor, producing such well-known watercolor artists as Thomas Eakins and Andrew Wyeth.59.In the 16th and 17th centuries the artists thought_.A .watercolor was more costly, but better B. oil painting lasted less long, but clearer and brighterC. watercolor was not suitable for serious works D. oil painting was difficult to use60. According to the passage, watercolor painting was put back in England because _A. it was easy to use outdoors B. it was a strong toolC. it was extremely bright in color D. it was well suited to popular tastes61.What is the passage mainly about?A. the gradual weakness of fresco painting. B. Oils having more power of influence over watercolor.C. The rediscovery of watercolor in England. D. The start and development of watercolor.62.The first watercolor users were_A. the early cave men B. Italian fresco artistsC. Flemish masters D. the English artists in the 18th centuryCIn the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes(想当然地认为)its a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the attention to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise(产生) between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think if keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. 63. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls after 11:00p.m. Here attached means _. A. taken B. drawn C. given D. shown 64. According to this passage, time plays an