泛读教程unit 4 work

2021/6/301Unit 4 Why People Worki i2021/6/302Lead-in Why do people work,apart from earning a living?2021/6/303Lead-in Famous Sayings:Work is the grand cure for all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.(Thoas Carlyle,British historian)工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。(英国历史学家英国历史学家 卡莱尔卡莱尔.T.)2.Work banishes those three great evils:boredom,vice,and poverty.(Voltaire,French Philosopher)工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。(法国哲学家法国哲学家 伏尔泰伏尔泰)3.To youth I have three words of counsel-work,work and work.(Otto Btismarck,Greman statesman)对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词工作，工作，工作。工作，工作，工作。(德国政治家德国政治家 俾斯俾斯麦麦.O.)2021/6/304Lead-in 4.I do not like work-no man does-but I like what is in the work-the chance to find your self.(Conrad Joseph,British novelist)我不喜欢工作我不喜欢工作没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中找到发现自找到发现自己的机会。己的机会。(英国小说家英国小说家 约瑟夫约瑟夫.C.)5.One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that ones.work is terribly important,and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster,If I were a medical man,I should precribe a holiday to many patient who consicered his work important.(Bernard Russell,British philosopher)神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。(英国哲学家英国哲学家 罗素罗素.B.)6.To do great work a man must be very idle as well as very industrious.(Samuel Bubler,American educator)要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常空闲。要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常空闲。(美国教育家美国教育家 勃特勒勃特勒.S.)2021/6/305Lead-in 2021/6/306Word pretest1.There was a smile of contentment on the teachers face when he saw the students performance in the speech contest.A.Irony-the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite,typically for humorous or emphatic effect反话，讽刺B.confusion-uncertainty about what is happening,intended,or required不确定；疑惑C.satisfaction-fulfilment of ones wishes,expectations,or needs,or the pleasure derived from this满意，满足 contentment-noun.a state of happiness and satisfaction满意；满足2021/6/307Word pretest2.He gradually accumulated a large number of books.A.collected-adjective.(of a person)not perturbed or distracted（人）镇静的；泰然自若的 B.appreciated-appreciableprib()ladjective.large or important enough to be noticed大得（或重要得）可察觉到的，相当可观的 C.wrote Accumulated-gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of聚集；积累2021/6/308Word pretest3.Many philosophers spend much of their time in contemplation.A.debating-debate:argue about(a subject),especially in a formal manner争论，讨论 B.thinkingC.writing Contemplation-noun.the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time注视，凝视2021/6/309Word pretest4.A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.A.provide-verb.make available for use;supply提供，供应；供给 B.carry out-If youcarry outa threat,task,or instruction,you do it or act according to it.实行 C.develop-verb.grow or cause to grow and become more mature,advanced,or elaborate（使）成长，发育；发展Fulfill-verb.bring to completion or reality;achieve or realize(something desired,promised,or predicted)完成，使应验；实现（愿望，诺言，预言）2021/6/3010Word pretest5.There was no compulsion on him to go with her.He could stay at home if he liked.A.requirementB.suggestion C.force-noun.strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement力，力量compulsion-noun.the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something;constraint（被）强迫，（被）强制2021/6/3011Word pretest6.He has been exerting pressure on me to change my mind.A.putting B.adding C.lifting-v.raise to a higher position or level抬起，举起Exert-verb.apply or bring to bear(a force,influence,or quality)运用（力）；施加（影响）；发挥（品质）E.g.the moon exerts a force on the Earth 月球对地球施加作用力 exerting influence over the next generation 对下一代施加影响2021/6/3012Word pretest7.The tired old man craved for water and sleep.A.desired B.asked C.begged-beg:verb.ask someone earnestly or humbly for something恳求某人给予 Crave-verb.feel a powerful desire for(something)渴望；热望2021/6/3013Word pretest8.Each person has his unique fingerprints.A.interesting B.only C.special Unique-adjective.being the only one of its kind;unlike anything else独一无二的；独特的2021/6/3014Word pretest9.Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming?A.responsible for B.related to C.caused by Attribute-verb.regard something as being caused by 把归因于；把归咎于E.g.he attributed the firms success to the efforts of the managing director 他把公司的成就归功于总经理的努力2021/6/3015Word pretest10.Vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet.A.medicine-B.ingredient-noun.any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish配料，原料C.replacement-n,the action or process of replacing someone or something替代，更换；复位substitute-n.a person or thing acting or serving in place of another代替物;v.use or add in place of用代替 E.g.I found someone to substitute for me 我找到了一个人接替我Customs officers substituted the drugs with another substance海关官员用另外一种东西替换了毒品2021/6/3016 Text 1 Why People WorkGlobal reading:1.Skim the text and find out the main idea Work contributes a lot to human satisfation.2.Scan the passage and answer the multiple choice questions on page 54.Answer:CAACCBBB 2021/6/3017 Text 1 A History of Music in AmericaGlobal reading:3.Structure of the textp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.p.3-6:why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.p.6:transitionp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.p.9-12:why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?p.13:Conclusion 2021/6/3018PART ONElMain idea:lp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.2021/6/3019PART ONElWhat can jobs and work provide for people?2021/6/3020Language PointslIf there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1l实际上实际上,如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们获得的满足所作的贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料获得的满足所作的贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料中大。中大。2021/6/3021Language Pointsadd up(adding,added,adds):PHRASAL VERB If you add up numbers or amounts,or if you add them up,you calculate their total.把把加起来加起来E.g.Add up the total of those six games.把那场比赛的总分加起来。把那场比赛的总分加起来。We just added all the numbers up and divided one by the other.我们只是把所有的数加起来，然后用一个除以另一个。我们只是把所有的数加起来，然后用一个除以另一个。2021/6/3022Language Pointsinstitution/nsttjun/CET4 TEM4N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a large important organization such as a university,church,or bank.机构机构E.g.financial institutions.金融机构。金融机构。2021/6/3023Language PointslIf there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1l实际上实际上,如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们获得的满足所作的贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料获得的满足所作的贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料中大。中大。2021/6/3024Language Pointslintangible /ntndbl/lthat cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped;indefinable 难以捉摸的难以捉摸的;难以理解的难以理解的;无法确无法确定的定的:lE.g.The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it.l那座古老建筑物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛。那座古老建筑物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛。l他们俩的感情说不清道不明。他们俩的感情说不清道不明。lTheir relationship is quite intangible.2021/6/3025Language PointslWell-being:N-UNCOUNTSomeoneswell-beingis their health and happiness.健康快乐lE.g.：Singing can create a sense of well-being.l唱歌能产生一种幸福感。2021/6/3026Language Pointsl分析：这是一个主从复合句。分析：这是一个主从复合句。lto which work provides the more intangible,but more crucial,psychological well-being 是是 extent 的定的定语从句。语从句。lthat can make the difference between a full and an empty life 是是 psychological well-being 的定语从句。的定语从句。lintangible，crucial 和和 psychological 这三个形容词很容这三个形容词很容易被误认为是平行结构，事实上，易被误认为是平行结构，事实上，intangible，crucial是是修饰修饰 psychological well-being 的。的。l翻译本句不能用直译，例如翻译本句不能用直译，例如extent 就不能直接译出来。就不能直接译出来。故采用意译为主。故采用意译为主。l 2021/6/3027PART TWOlMain idea:lp.3-5why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.Historical reasons:a.the Greeks b.The Middle Ages2021/6/3028lWhy is it a surprise to learn that work has positive contribution to the individuals happiness?2021/6/3029Cultural NotesPlatol(?427-347BC)an ancient Greek philosopher,who had a very great influence on European philosophy.He explained his ideas in the form of written conversations.His teacher was Socrates,and after Socrates death he established a school called the Academy,where Aristotle was one of his students.His most famous work is The Republic,about the perfect state and form of government.2021/6/3030Language PointsRestrict /rstrkt/V-TIf yourestrictsomethingtoa particular group,only that group can do it or have it.Ifyourestrictsomethingtoa particular place,it is allowed only in that place.限定 E.g.：Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30左右。2021/6/3031a c c u m u l a t e /k j u m j l e t/C E T 4 TEM4(accumulating,accumulated,accumulates)gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of(sth);get(sth)in this way 积累积累,聚积（某物）聚积（某物）;聚聚集而成（某事物）集而成（某事物）:E.g.accumulate enough evidence to ensure his convictionl搜集足够的证据以给他定罪搜集足够的证据以给他定罪 l By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.l她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产.2021/6/3032lcompulsion/kmpln/n (to do sth)l U compelling or being compelled 强迫强迫;强制强制;被迫被迫:lI refuse to act under compulsion.l我决不能让人逼着做事.l C urge(esp to behave in an irrational way)that one cannot resist（不能克制的）欲望（不能克制的）欲望,冲动冲动,要求（尤指要求（尤指不合情理的行为）不合情理的行为）:la compulsion to destroy thingsl 毁物欲2021/6/3033PART THREElMain idea:lp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.2021/6/3034lWhy do institutions dealing with mental health problems establish workshop?lWhat are the effects of the absence of work?2021/6/3035Language Pointslrenew/rnju/CET4 TEM4(renewing,renewed,renews)l1.V-TIf yourenewan activity,you begin it again.重新开始lE.g.：He renewed his attack on government policy toward Europe.l他重新开始抨击政府的欧洲政策。l2.V-TYou can say that somethingis renewedwhen it grows again or is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost.获得新生;(遭毁坏或损失后)再生lE.g.：Natures repair process is slow and steady,with cells being constantly renewed.l自然的修复过程缓慢而稳定，在此过程中细胞不断再生。2021/6/3036Language Pointslacute/kjut/CET4 TEM4l1.ADJYou can useacuteto indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.严峻的lE.g.：The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis.l这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。lThe report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.l这份报告使政府极其尴尬。2021/6/3037PART FOURlMain idea:lp.9-12:A sense of accomplishment in work is a significant source of human satisfaction.2021/6/3038lWhat can wealthy people get from their work?lAccording to the passage,what can enrich our personality and make use of ourselves?2021/6/3039lstimulate/stmjlet/lCET4 TEM4(stimulating,stimulated,stimulates)l1.V-TTostimulatesomething means to encourage it to begin or develop further.鼓励;刺激lE.G.：Americas priority is rightly to stimulate its economy.l美国的首要任务自然是刺激经济。2021/6/3040l attributable L52l/trbjtbl/adj pred 作表语作表语 to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可归属或归因於某人某事物:lE.g.Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo?l 这幅画是米开朗琪罗画的吗？lattribute l/trbjt/v Tn.pr sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to,caused by or produced by sb/sth 归因于:l He attributes his success to the help of his wife.l他认为能成功是由於他老婆的帮助.2021/6/3041PART FIVElp.13:Conclusion 2021/6/3042lCan we gain an equivalent amount of pride and fulfillment if we do not work?Why?2021/6/3043lIt is probably not much more sensible to ask the question about working to live and living to work than it is to play the“live-to-eat or eat-to-live”theme.L56l问有关为活而工作和为工作而活的问题跟讨论“为吃而生存或为生存而吃”的主题相比，高明不到哪去。2021/6/3044 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:Reading comprehension:Answer:CAACCBBB 2021/6/3045 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:Use of english:Go off:1.PHRASAL VERBIf an explosive device or a gungoes off,it explodes or fires.(炸弹炸弹)爆炸爆炸;(枪枪)开击开击2.PHRASAL VERBIf an alarm bellgoes off,it makes a sudden loud noise.(警报器警报器)突发巨响突发巨响3.PHRASAL VERBIf an electrical devicegoes off,it stops operating.(电气设备电气设备)停止运作停止运作 2021/6/3046 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:Go over:PHRASAL VERBIf yougo overa document,incident,or problem,you examine,discuss,or think about it very carefully.仔仔细检查细检查e.g.I wont know how successful it is until an accountant has gone over the books.我要等到会计仔细查看了账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。我要等到会计仔细查看了账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。Go back on:HRASAL VERBIf yougo back ona promise or agreement,you do not do what you promised or agreed to do.背离背离(诺言、协议等诺言、协议等)e.g.：The budget crisis has forced the president to go back on his word.预算危机已迫使该总统背离了自己的承诺。预算危机已迫使该总统背离了自己的承诺。2021/6/3047 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:Go round:四处走动；供应；（消息）流传四处走动；供应；（消息）流传 Go out of business:停止经商，歇业；生意失败停止经商，歇业；生意失败 Go from bad to worse:(处境、行为、病情等处境、行为、病情等)越来越坏，越来越糟，越来越坏，越来越糟，每况愈下每况愈下 2021/6/3048 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:1.By the time I opened the can its contents had gone off.2.Ill go over how it works before you try it yourself.3.I was told that it would be repaired free of charge,but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.4.The book was so popular that there werent enough copies to go around.5.His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.6.Trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off.2021/6/3049 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:STEMS:B A D A A C 2021/6/3050 Unit 4 Work Section B:ACB FTF ACD BCB TFT 2021/6/3051 Unit 4 Work Section C:FTFTFTFTFT 2021/6/3052Thank you!若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！