《IPv6技术讲座》PPT课件.ppt

2019/6/7,1,IPv6技术讲座,滕小玲 北京大学计算中心,2019/6/7,2,主要内容,为什么使用IPv6 IPv6主要特性 IPv6报头 IPv6地址 IPv6的发展历程,2019/6/7,3,为什么使用IPv6,The Case for IPv6 IPv4所面临的问题 IPv4的地址严重匮乏 路由表急剧膨胀 网络安全 暂时的解决方法 NAT CIDR,2019/6/7,4,IPv6主要特性,Larger Address Space 128位 Aggregation-based address hierarchy Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram No fragmentation by routers 64 bits field alignement Simpler basic header Autoconfiguration Security IP Renumbering part of the protocol,2019/6/7,5,IPv6报头,2019/6/7,6,IPv6报头,Version(4bits) 6 for IPv6 Traffic Class(8 bits) TOS in IPv4 identify classes and priorities(diffserv) Flow Label(20 bits) PayloadLength( 16 bits) Next Header(8bits) Extensible header structure Hop Limit (8 bits) TTL in IPv4,2019/6/7,7,IPv6地址类型,RFC2373 可聚集全球地址（ Aggregateable Global Unicast Addresses） 001 1/8 total space 链路本地地址（Link-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111010 1/1024 total space 节点本地地址（Site-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111011 1/1024 total space 多点传送地址（ Multicast Addresses） 11111111 1/256 total space,2019/6/7,8,IPv6地址,Unicast addresses Link-Local FE80:/10 automatically configured with interface id used for neighbor and router discovery Aggregateable Global 2000:/3,2019/6/7,9,IPv6地址,Multicast Addresses RFC2375 IPv6 Multicast Address Assignment FF00:/8 FFfs:/16 f: flag 0: permanent; 1: not permanent s: scope 1: node 2: link 5: site 8: organization E: global FF02:1 all nodes on the local network FF02:2 all routers on the local network,2019/6/7,10,IPv6地址,Anycast Addresses RFC2526 Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses Advantages of anycast routing optimization server load Anycast address style,2019/6/7,11,IPv6地址表示,Format is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x x is a 16 bit hexadecimal field FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210 Leading zeros in a field are optional : can be used to represent multiple groups of 16 bits of zero : can only be used once in an address FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 = FF01:101 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 = :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 = :,2019/6/7,12,IPv6地址表示,Loopback Addresses :1 Like 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 Automatic IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunnel : IPv4 Compatible Addresses :FFFF: for IPv4-only nodes,2019/6/7,13,IPv6地址表示,RFC2732: Preferred Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL http:/1080:8:800:200C:417A:80/index.html,2019/6/7,14,IPv6地址,Required Node Addresses Its Link-Local Address for each interface Assigned Unicast Addresses Loopback Address All-Nodes Multicast Addresses Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned unicast and anycast addresses Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the host belongs.,2019/6/7,15,IPv6地址,Required Router Addresses All the required node addresses The Subnet-Router anycast addresses for the interfaces it is configured to act as a router on. All other Anycast addresses with which the router has been configured. All-Routers Multicast Addresses,2019/6/7,16,IPv6的发展历程,6BONE IPv6地址分配 CERNET IPv6实验床 北京大学IPv6实验床,2019/6/7,17,6BONE,国际IPv6实验床，不是实用的网络。 通过 tunnels 和一些纯IPv6链接(mostly IPv6 over ATM) 技术文档RFC2471 IPv6 Testing Address Allocation 3FFE:/16 6bone TLA RFC2546 6bone routing policies 6Bone registry http:/ IANA（Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) 1999年12月，IANA开始通过分配正式的IPv6地址200:/13 欧洲的RIPE-NCC 亚太平洋地区的APNIC CERNIC 地址范围为2001:250:/35,2019/6/7,19,CERNET IPv6 Testbed,背景 1998年6月加入6BONE 同年11月成为其骨干成员 1999年，CERNET在国内教育网范围内组建了IPv6试验床 目标 研究同下一代互联网有关的网络技术 开发新型网络应用 示范上述技术和应用，推动国内IPv4向IPv6的过度,2019/6/7,20,Addressing,2019/6/7,21,Addressing,2019/6/7,22,CERNET IPv6 Testbed,Contact Information: Technical Staff General Mail List URL http:/ 加入试验床的邮件列表 M 组建IPv6网络 规划网络地址和拓扑 申请地址空间和接入点 配置主机和路由节点 申请域名,2019/6/7,24,北京大学IPv6实验床,2000年4月开始 Nokia路由器和FreeBSD系统 IPv6 over IPv4 测试路由和DNS 移植tcp_wrappers,2019/6/7,25,IPv6实验床结构,2019/6/7,26,IPv4到IPv6网络应用的迁移,SUN Scrubber IPv6 Socket API RFC2133,RFC2292,RFC2553 已有的IPv6网络应用： BIND SENDMAIL APACHE TCPDUMP NEWS,2019/6/7,27,相关站点资源,http:/www.ipv6.org http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/,2019/6/7,28,