专题三形容词与副词副词

专题三 形容词与副词副词一、 副词的基本用法1、 什么是副词？（1） 定义：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。（2） 分类：时间副词（now, today, early, sometimes, already等）；地点副词（outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home等）；方式副词（quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily等）；程度副词（very, quite, rather, too, much, so等）；疑问副词（when, where, why, how, how long, how often等）；关系副词（when, where, why, how等）2、 怎么用副词？（1） 用法：时间副词确定句子时态的重要标志，牢固掌握不同时态的时间状语。如：Lucy went to school yesterday.（一般过去时时间状语） She has already arrived there.（现在完成时时间状语）地点副词与动词连用时不加介词。如：I must go home now.（不是go to home） That boy rushed upstairs.（不是rushed to upstairs）方式副词大多数由“形容词+ly”构成。（构词法）如：happyhappily badbadly quickquickly easyeasily程度副词有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级，有些能修饰形容词比较级。如：Jessica is a very beautiful woman. This bag is much better than that one.疑问副词用来构成特殊疑问句。如：When is your mothers birthday? Where is your home?关系副词用来引导从句，如：He works in a bank where there is no money.（2） 位置：地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放句末。如：I will wait for you here. Can you meet me tomorrow? Please speak loudly.当强调时间状语时，可以把时间副词放在句首。如：Tomorrow I will meet you.程度副词修饰动词时，放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实动词之前。如：She is too young. I really like that boy.修饰形容词、副词时，放在被修饰词前面。如：Harbin is a very big city.（修饰形容词） He studies much harder now. （修饰副词）只有enough特殊，放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。如：He runs fast enough. （3） 形近副词辨析 close & closelyclose“接近”closely“仔细地”He is sitting close to me.“他挨着我坐着。” I watch him closely.“我仔细地打量他。” late & latelylate“晚”lately“最近”Dont go to school too late.“上学别太晚了。” Is there anything new lately?“最近有什么新消息么？” deep & deeplydeep“深”表示空间深度；deeply“深深地”表示感情上的深度。The boy went deep into the forest.“那个男孩走进了丛林深处。”I love you deeply.“我深深的爱着你。” high & highlyhigh“高”表示空间上的高度；highly“高”表示程度，相当于much。The plane was flying high.“飞机飞得高。” I think highly of your opinion.“我仔细考虑你的观点。” wide & widelywide“宽”表示空间上的宽度；widely“广泛地”“在许多地方”表示抽象的含义。He opened the door wide.“他把门开大。” English is widely used in the world.“英语在全世界被广泛的应用。” free & freely free“免费”；freely“无限制地”You can eat free in my restaurant.“你可以在我的餐厅免费用餐。”You may speak freely.“你可以畅所欲言。” hard & hardlyhard“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”表示程度；hardly“几乎不”表示否定。We should study hard.“我们应该努力学习。”I can hardly catch up with you.“我快跟不上你了。”【习题讲解】1. Come_ quickly. I have something interesting to tell you.A. to here B. up to here C. here D. into here2. How _ the girls are playing!A. happy B. happier C. happily D. happily3. The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly4. We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages _.A. lately B. late C. latest D. last5. He got back _ at four.A. to home B. at home C. his home D. home6. Pass my glasses to me, Jack, I can read the word in the newspaper. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. almost7. Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can run to catch up with them.A. fast enough B. enough fast C. slowly enough D. enough slowly8. English is too difficult for me. I cant learn it well. Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. never C. always D. usually9. Will you please speak ? Im afraid I cant follow you.A. loudly B. pleasantly C. slowly D. easily10. Alice eats meat so that she can keep herself from getting too fat.A. rarely B. always C. nearly D. carefully二、 副词原级的用法1、 副词的排序（1） 时间、地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后。如：Come to see me at 3 oclock(小时间) in the afternoon.（大时间） （2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后。如：Please write slowly and carefully.（3） 多个不同副词排序：程度+方式+地点+时间 如：He walked very fast outside this morning.“今天早晨他在外面走得很快。”2、 频度副词频度副词是表示动作发生频率的一类副词，属于时间副词的一种。常用频度副词alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever频度副词的位置：在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后；实义动词之前。如：She is always kind to us. “她对我们总是很好。”The work has never been done.“这项工作永远也做不完。”He often goes to school early.“他常常很早到校。”3、 易混副词用法辨析（1） too, as well, also与either都表示“也”too, as well, also都用在肯定句中，too 和as well常常放在句尾；also与动词连用，常放在句中。either用在否定句中，往往放在句尾。如：He went there too / as well. = He also went there. “他也去那里了。”He didnt go there either.“他也没去那里。”（2） too, enough与sotoo“太，很”tooto结构“太而不能”；enough“足够”enough to“足够做”；so“如此” sothat“如此以至于”。 如：Robert is too young to go to school. = Robert is not old enough to go to school.= Robert is so young that he can not go to school.“罗伯特太小了不能去上学。”（3） much too与too muchmuch too“非常，极其，太”，修饰形容词或副词，加强语气。too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词，与too many相似。如：This book is much too dear.“这本书太贵了。”Please dont eat too much ice cream.“请别吃太多冰激凌。”（4） already, yet与stillalready, yet“已经”标准的现在完成时时间状语，already用在肯定句中，表示事情已经发生，yet用在否定和疑问句中，表示期待某事发生。still“仍然”，表示事情还在进行。如:Weve already watched that film.“我们已经看过那部电影。” I havent finished my homework yet.“我还没有完成我的作业。”He still works until late every night.“每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。”（5） ago与beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常用在一般过去时的句子中；before表示以过去或将来的某一时刻为起点的“以前”，常用在现在完成时，过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中。如：The meeting began five minutes ago.“回忆五分钟之前开始了。”I have never been to Harbin before.“我以前从未去过哈尔滨。”（6） how long, how soon, how often与how farhow long“多久，多长时间”对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”来回答。如：A: How long have you been in China? B: For three months.how soon“多快，多久以后”对一个短暂性动作提问，常用“in+时间段”来回答，常用于一般将来时中。如：A: How soon will he come back? B: In five minutes.how often“多长时间一次”，对频度进行提问，常用“once，twice，数字+times+时间”来回答。如：A: How often do you visit your grandparents? B: Once a week.how far“多远”对距离提问。如：A: How far is it from your home to your school? B: About two kilometers.【习题解析】1. I saw the film two days _.A. ago B. before C. after D. late2. In Britain tea _ with milk or sugar in it.A. usually drinks B. is usually drunk C. usually is drunk D. drank usually3. Alice _ goes to school at seven.A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little4. It was_ bad weather that we all had to stay inside.A. very B. so C. rather D. such5. We wont go to the cinema next Saturday. They wont_.A. too B. also C. neither D. either6. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _.A. too B. either C. neither D. also7. is it from your home to the shopping mall? About fifteen minutes ride.A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much8. Have you read the poem“if”? Yes, I really enjoy it.A. still B. ever C. yet D. never 9. I saw the film two days . A. ago B. before C. after D. late10. Do you enjoy traveling by air? No, it is expensive.A. too much B. more much C. much D. much too三、 副词的比较级与最高级用法1. 什么是副词的比较级与最高级？（1） 规则变化一般在词尾直接加er或esthardharderhardest以不发音字母e结尾的词在词尾直接加r或stlatelaterlatest以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或estearlyearlierearliest多音节词和某些双音节词在原级前面加more或mostcarefully more carefully most carefully （2） 不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfatherfarthestfurtherfurthest2. 怎么用副词的比较级和最高级？(1) 副词比较级的用法1）单独使用：Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。I had seen the film only a few days earlier. 我是几天前才看的这部电影。Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2）和than一起使用：She swims better than I. 他游泳游得比我好。He works less than he used to. 他工作的时间比过去少了。I go there more frequently than she does. 我去那里比她勤。He studied the subject further than I do. 这问题他研究得比我深入。3）比较级前有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。He walked no further. 他没再往前走。He works a lot harder than before. 她工作比过去努力多了。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快一点来吗？4) 重点和难点asas和soas结构asas用在肯定句或否定句中，表示“像一样”，后面的副词要用原级，如：She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑得像鹿一样快。You can stay here as long as you want. 在那儿你爱待多久都行。You know all this as well as I do. 这一切你和我一样了解。She loved me as much as her own child. 她待我像亲生孩子。I dont go there as much as I used to. 我现在到那里不像过去那么多了。soas只用在否定句中，表示“不像那样”，后面的副词要用原级，如：I cant jump so high as Bill. 我跳高不如比尔。I dont like it so well as your other works. 我喜欢它不及你的其他作品。more and more “越来越”，如：It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。Now we see it more and more clearly. 现在我们对这看得越来越清楚了。He played the piano better and better. 他钢琴弹得越来越好了。She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。the morethe more“越，越”，如：The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成得就越多。The better I knew, the more I liked him. 我对他说了解越深就越喜欢他。had better“最好”，后接动词原形（不带to的不定式），如：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。I think Id better go now. 我想我最好现在就走。(2) 副词最高级的用法副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the，如：Of the four of us, I sang worst. 我们四人中我唱得最差。Of all your CDs, I like that one least. 你所有的激光唱盘中，我最不喜欢那一张。He likes painting best of all. 他最喜欢绘画。Who arrived earliest of all? 谁到得最早？【习题讲解】1. Tom draws _ better than his brother.A. more B. most C. many D. much2. Who does homework _ in your class?A. carefully B. most carefully C. more carefully D. as carefully as3. He speaks English _ his aunt.A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as4. Which do you like_, skating, swimming or fishing?A. more B. most C. better D. best5. Who sings_, Rose or Kate?A. well B. good C. better D. best6. She writes_ than I.A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully7. I did my homework hours _.A. before B. later C. ago D. late8. Its a windy day. Youd better_ the windows.A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close9. I am so tired that I cant walk_.A. much far B. any farther C. even far D. very further10. Dont worry. She can look after your pet .A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully