2022年高三英语学生寒假自主学习讲义二

高三英语学生寒假自主学习讲义（二）一、根据汉语意思或首字母提示用本单元单词的适当形式填空。1.fragrant give off fragrant smell 散发芳香的气味2.stressing 强调（现在分词作伴随状语）3.regulation traffic regulation 交通规则4.ambiguous there is nothing ambiguous about=there is no doubt about 毫无疑问5.associate associate with把和联系起来6.abundant be abundant in=be rich in 丰富，富含 7.charged be charged with=be accused of 被指控8.strike（钟声）敲响9.underlined have sth underlined 将某物下划线10.burden bear the heavy burden 承担重负二、用方框里所给的短语的适当形式填空。1.By and by 不久2.In other words 换句话说3.tending to see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事（正在进行）see sb do 看见某人做某事（全过程）类似用法还有 notice,watch,hear,feel 等When I was on my way to school this morning,I saw two women_(quarrel).tend to 照顾，照料精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 1 页，共 23 页4.caught on with caught on with=be popular with 受欢迎，流行5.had wrestled with 与斗争=struggle with=fight with ing up with have difficulty/trouble doing sth 做某事有困难come up with 想出，提出，拿出7.all year round 常年，一整年8.in large quantities 大量地9.Above all 最重要的是10.went off 离开；发出响声三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Follow 祈使句+and/or+陈述句,在这里祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句.还可以用简短的形式表示，即省略动词。Give me one more hour,and I ll get the work finished.（祈使句）=One more hour,and I ll get the work finished.（名词短语）=If you give me one more hour,I llget the work finished.（if 条件句）_ on the top of the tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.A.Standing B.Stand C.To stand D.Stand Follow your doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.A.or B.and C.then D.so 2.Having finished Having finished his homework,the boy went out to play football.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 2 页，共 23 页3.arising arise from=result from 由于引起（现在分词短语作后置定语）The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.4.proved proved effective=proved to be effective,此时 prove 为联系动词，没有被动语态5.has These are all negative effects the Internet has on our lives.6.causing avoid doing sth 避免做某事7.bred breedbredbred 养育，繁殖The quiet country life has never appealed to me.City born and city bred,I have always regarded the country as something you occasionally visit during the weekend.8.Acting act on 按照行事9.Adding 全部倒装结构。The Ling en Palace is adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling 灵恩寺增添了长陵的非凡的美。类似的例子有 Sitting in the sofa is a pretty lady who is reading a magazine.Gone are the days when we often played together in the fields.Present at the meeting are some professors from Nanjing.10.will have worked I ve decided to quit my job in the company next month,where I will have worked for five years.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 3 页，共 23 页四、句子翻译1.If you go about it in the right way,youll soon get it finished.go about sth 着手做2.The extra two-day holiday was a real bonus.a real bonus.一个真正的额外奖励3.I can t figure out why he said that.figure out 理解，弄清楚；计算出4.His actions do not correspond with his words.correspond with=be consistent with 与相一致5.She took pleasure in playing tennis in her youth.take pleasure in 喜欢，乐于做【综合能力提升】一、单项填空15 ABDDC 610 BADDA 1115 BACCB 2.Rather than sticking to the principles stubbornly,China is now adopting a new concept in economic policies in a/an _ way that shows its own characteristics.A.sustainable可持续的 B.flexible 灵活的，可变通的 C.invisible 隐形的，看不见的 D.available 可得到的，空闲的。题目中stubbornly（固执地）是解题关键。3.-What if he failed in the next monthly examination again?-I don t know._ heart and be reduced _ the class?A.Will he lose;not to attending B.Did he lose;to not attending C.Had he lost;not to attending D.Would he lose;to not attending 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 4 页，共 23 页动名词的否定式直接在动名词前加上not,所以句中 be reduced to doing sth（沦落到做某事）的否定式是be reduced to not doing sth。再根据第一句中的the next monthly examination 是将来的时间。非真实条件句中使用虚拟语气时间从句主句现在did(be 动词用 were)would/could/should/might do 过去had done would/could/should/might have done 将来should do were to do did(be 动词用 were)would/could/should/might do If there _no water on the earth,there _be no life.If I _ him yesterday,I _asked him for help.If it _ rain tomorrow,the sports meeting _delayed.5.According to the newly-elected president,it is unwise to _imports to stimulate the growth of national economy.A.centre on以为中心B.carry on 继续 C.count on依靠，依赖D.catch on 流行；理解据新当选的总统所说，依赖进口来刺激国家经济的增长是不明智的。6.-Linda,you look tired.-Yes,Dad.I _my homework all day.I _very bored with it.A.am doing;get B.have been doing;am getting C.have been doing;got D.was doing;am getting 根据题目中的 all day 以及第一行的 look tired，说明动作持续到现在及对现在精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 5 页，共 23 页有影响。7.-Whats wrong with my computer,Jack?-Let me have a check.OK,it works now.-You mean,nothing wrong with it,_?此句中的“nothing wrong with it”是一个省略的句子，完整的说法是“There is nothing wrong with it”,所以反义疑问形式是is there 10.Modern science and technology has _ communication between people far apart.A.made convenient B.made it convenient C.made it convenient for D.made it convenient to 这里考察的是 make sth convenient的结构。如果选 B，答案应该是 Modern science and technology has made it convenient to communicate between people far apart.11.Most of the bodies found in the last two days had broken fingers,probably from the children trying hard to climb the walls or floors to escape from the sinking ship in their last moment.13.Acknowledged about as a masterpiece of the English language,the Bible has survived the turbulence of history and given us the most widely recognized descriptions of the birth of Jesus Christ.=The Bible is acknowledged about as.and it has survived 15.-The concert hall is large enough to hold more than 3,000 people.-_.Did you say 3,000?excuse me用法：1.劳驾 2.打断别人说话 3.请求帮助比如问路的时候 Im sorry 用法：1.道歉最常见的 2.表示遗憾 3.什么？（惊讶）4.拒绝 反对精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 6 页，共 23 页二、完形填空1620 ADBAC 2125 ABDAD 2630 BBCCD 3135 ADBCB Parents today are wealthier than their parents and they want their children to have more than what they had.Yet parents often 16 to give their children what they had when they were young.16.A.neglect忽视，忽略B.refuse 拒绝 C.promise允诺，答应 D.hesitate 犹豫，迟疑不决For example,today s generations of children mostly have their own private 17 with a television,their own cell phone,their own computer,and finally when they are 18 enough they will even have their own cars.19 all of these things,children do not 20 these gifts as much as previous generations did.17.have their own private bedrooms有自己的卧室18.when they are old enough 当他们年龄足够大的时候19.A.As a result of 因为 B.For the purpose of为了.目的 C.Instead of取代，而不是D.Regardless of不管，不顾20.A.prepare准备B.understand 理解 C.value 重视，珍惜 D.accept接受精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 7 页，共 23 页21,children are often 22 just spoiled（被宠坏的）,and all these things give them 23 enjoyment when they really need some 24 to their own development.Finally,children 25 these short-term activities in order to fight against their boredom,and as a result of this,kids 26 shorter periods of attention with little 27.21.besides此外，另外22.more than 不仅仅，不只是no more than仅仅，只不过23.immediate立刻的，即时的24.attention to sth 对的关注25.A.provide 提供B.organize组织C.watch 观看，注视 D.require需要，要求26.develop 开发，培养，发展27.patience 耐心（与下文对应）The obvious question that you may be asking is probably that:28 patience is a virtue,then why don t parents 29 it?28.since 既然29.teach 教导，教（与下文对应）精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 8 页，共 23 页In today s society,it is far easier to make children lose concentration than to teachpersonal development 30 and that s a common problem.For example,it is much easier for parents to buy a new toy or turn on the television for their children than to 31 their curiosity（好奇）in a natural way.This strong 32 to know the world will lead them through self-learning,by which they would slowly value the 33 of hard work and patience.30.personal development skills 个人发展技能31.satisfy one s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心32.desire 欲望，渴望（strong desire to know the world与前面 curiosity 对应）33.rewards 奖励，回报Basically,the easiest method for parents to teach patience to their children is not by 34 them things,but by giving their children an opportunity to learn what they are interested in.Thus,parents can teach their children the same 35 lessons that they have painfullylearned too.The point is,realize what they lack and take action immediately.34.buy 买（与前文对应）35.hard 困难的（与下文的painfully 对应）三、阅读理解（A）3637 AC 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 9 页，共 23 页Papas jaw dropped when Mama told him that Sister had cheated on her final examsnot to succeed but to fail.“It s unbelievable!”he said.“Sister has always been so proud of her good grades!”“Yes,she has,”said Mama.“But its not unbelievable.It just shows how badly she wanted off the swimming team.”“Wanted off the swimming team?”said Papa.“She never said anything about that to me.”“Of course she didn t,”said Mama.“She was afraid youd blow your top.You already had her getting a swimming scholarship to college and winning gold medals at the Olympics.Can you imagine how much pressure she must have felt?For her,being on the team couldnt have been much fun.”“Oh,my gosh!”Papa said,clapping a hand to his forehead.“I ve been so stupid!I just thought shed want to be a champion swimmer because shes so good at it.”“It s like anything else,dear,”said Mama.“No matter how good at it you are,if it stops being fun,you wont want to do it anymore.”Papa put his head in his hands.“She must be really mad at me,”he mumbled.“Maybe I should say sorry to her.”Sisters footsteps could be heard on the stairs.She came into the kitchen and looked hopefully up at her parents.“Honey,”said Mama with a smile,“your papa and I have decided that theres no reason for you to be on the swimming team if you dont want to.”Sisters face lit up like a Christmas tree.“Yippee!”she cried.“And,”added Papa,“there s no need for any more drills.Im sure youll bring your 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 10 页，共 23 页grades back up all by yourself.”Sister ran to Papa and jumped into his arms.She gave him a big hug.“I m going to go play cards with Lizzy!”she said.“See you later!”From the kitchen window,Mama and Papa watched their daughter run down the sunny road toward Lizzys house.“It s good to see her happy again,”said Mama.“It sure is,”Papa agreed.“As for the swimming team,theres always next year.”“If?”Mama prompted him.“Oh,right,”said Papa.“If she wants to.”（36 题）Mama smiled.“At leastyoure learning,dear,”she said.She kissed him.“Well,you know what they say,”Papa said.“Better late than never.”（37 题）（B）3840 DBD The following are the sculptures in the Underwater Museum,which are accessible in person by glass boat,or scuba diving.（第 40 题）The Archive of Lost Dreams The Visual:It describes an underwater archive of messages in bottles.The Meaning:The bottles contain messages of dreams for future generations.（38 题 C）（C.Bottled messages are filled with live coral cuttings for future generations.）The Hope:The statue is placed with the purpose of helping draw visitors away from the healthy parts of the reef.The Location:The Archive of Lost Dreams was placed 8 meters 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 11 页，共 23 页deep at Manchones Reef,close to Isla Mujeres.（39 题）Behind the Scenes:The collection of bottled messages were provided by various communities who wrote about today s values and their dreams for the future generations.The Gardener of Hope The Visual:Here a young Mexican girl lies in a garden surrounded by pots which will be grown with live coral.The Meaning:The young girl in the sculpture represents a model for hopeful future generations.The Hope:The base of the Gardener of Hope was built to attract various marine creatures.The coral in the pots is also expected to grow.The Location:The Gardener of Hope was placed 4 meters deep at Punta Nizuc near the coast of Cancun.Behind the Scenes:The pots here are filled with live coral cuttings that were saved from areas of the local reef system.Man on Fire The Visual:Man on Fire describes a lone male figure covered in live fire coral to resemble fire.The Meaning:The sculpture symbolizes the unawareness of the“fire”our generation has started with the over use of limited natural resources.（38 题 D）The Hope:Man on Fire has 75 holes planted with small live 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 12 页，共 23 页cuttings of fire coral which are expected to grow like fire.The Location:Man on Fire was installed 8 meters deep at the Manchones Reef nearby to Isla Mujeres.（39 题）Behind the Scenes:The sculpture was cast from a local Mexican fisherman and it weighs over 1 ton.The Silent Evolution The Visual:Here more than 400 sculptures depict the timeline of human nature.The Meaning:It is a documentation of how society and people have changed over time.It is also to remind us of how we are connected to nature.（38 题 B）The Hope:The installation is designed for forming a complex reef structure that marine life will claim as its own and inhabit.The Location:The Silent Evolution will be installed 8 meters deep behind the Manchones Reef.Behind the Scenes:The total installation will expand over 150 square meters and will weigh over 120 tons.Attention:Guided tours are a must.（38 题 A）You can catch a tour from Aquaworld,which leaves every hour from 9 a.m.to 3 p.m.daily.38.根据Man on Fire 这 一段中的 一句 话“The sculpture symbolizes the unawareness of the“fire”our generation has started with the over use of limited natural resources.”判断 B 是正确的。另外，根据“Guided tours are a must.”判断 A 是错精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 13 页，共 23 页误的，根据 The Silent Evolution中“It is also to remind us of how we are connected to nature.”判断 B 是错误的，根据The Archive of Lost Dreams中的描写判断C是错误的。39.根据这两句话判断“The Archive of Lost Dreams was placed 8 meters deep at Manchones Reef,close to Isla Mujeres.”“Man on Fire was installed 8 meters deep at the Manchones Reef nearby to Isla Mujeres.”40.根据文章第一句话“The following are the sculptures in the Underwater Museum,which are accessible in person by glass boat,or scuba diving.”判断作者写这篇文章的目的就是吸引游客去参观这个水下博物馆（C）4144 ADBC Think of the last time a song really moved you,or meant something to youListening to and playing music affects many different sections of the brain,affecting us physically as well.Why are we as humans so connected to music?Making music is something that we are born with.There s a reason we refer to music as the“universal language”;there has been no known human culture without music.Dancing and music came before agriculture,and possibly even before language The fact that whale music and human music have so much in common suggests that music may exist before humans and that we may be latecomers to the musical scene rather than being the inventors of musicWe begin life being affected by music;babies first begin to respond to music even before their birth.Whether or not it s true,everyone has heard that playing classical music;for your baby supposedly helps him or her become smarter.A study done in the 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 14 页，共 23 页United Kingdom concluded that children were able to recognize and even preferred music that they had heard lip to three months before birth.Although it made no difference whether it was rock music or country music,the babies who were exposed to faster songs showed a stronger preference for that song than those who had heard something slower.（第 42 题）Researchers have also found that the playing of soft background music or a mothers soft singing actually helps premature（早产的）babies.Those who were subjected to the music tended to gain weight faster and were able to leave hospitals earlier than those who werent.However,the study in the UK uncovers no links between babies listening to music and increased intelligence or brain development.Another experiment at the University of California at Ivine compared the puzzle-solving abilities of 3-year-olds who were given piano lessons with those of others who sang,used computers,or did nothing.The children studying the piano were better at the puzzles.Also,high school students with a musical background seem to do better in their SATs.（第 41 题）Whether it s natural intelligence that helps the children do better in both music and match,or the music helps develop other areas,you can t deny the benefits of a musical background.On the other hand,its possible that some music and lyrics（歌词）could be hard for children and teenagers The lyrics of todays popular music are stated more and more clearly.A study oil mass media and teenagers showed that a group of 14-to 16-year-olds in 10 different southeastern cities listened to music an average of 40 hours per week.Obviously,the music they are listening to plays a large part in their lives,and 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 15 页，共 23 页especially influences self-identity.So any bad influences in the music will have a very direct effect on the teenagers.Several other experiments mentioned in the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statemen t on the Effect of Music Lyrics and Music Videos on Children and Youth supported this idea.（第 43 题）One study from Sweden found that children who developed a preference to rock music were more likely to be influenced by their peers than by their parents.Others showed links between a predilection for heavy metal and detrimental behaviors,including taking drugs,self-killing risk,and other risk-taking habits.The American Academy of Pediatrics（AAP）doesnt support the idea of censorship（检查制度）,but strongly encourages parents to monitor what their children are listening to.（第 44 题）41.根据第四段“Another experiment at the University of California at Ivine compared the puzzle-solving abilities of 3-year-olds who were given piano lessons with those of others who sang,used computers,or did nothing.The children studying the piano were better at the puzzles.Also,high school students with a musical background seem to do better in their SATs.”判断42.A.The lyrics 歌词B.The tone音调 C.The style风格 D.The speed速度根据第三段“Although it made no difference whether it was rock music or country music,the babies who were exposed to faster songs showed a stronger preference for that song than those who had heard something slower.”判断43.根据最后一段“Obviously,the music they are listening to plays a large part in their lives,and especially influences self-identity.So any bad influences in the music will have a very direct effect on the teenagers.Several other experiments mentioned in the 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 16 页，共 23 页American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on the Effect of Music Lyrics and Music Videos on Children and Youth supported this idea.”44.根据全文的最后一句话“The American Academy of Pediatrics（AAP）doesnt support the idea of censorship（检查制度）,but strongly encourages parents to monitor what their children are listening to.”（D）4550CDBABC Nurture 培育nature 天性，本性天才究竟是先天的天赋好还是后天的培育所造成的？作者围绕这个话题展开讨论，从正反两方面各举了一些例子，从而得出结论，天赋和培育同等重要，我们要均衡两者的关系。Thirty-five years ago,a hundred tennis-playing children were tested for general athleticism.One girl（pictured）was rated by the psychologist leading the analysis as“the perfect tennis talent”.The girls name?Steffi Graf,who went on to win 22 grand slams（大满贯）.I was reminded of Graf s inborn sporting talent during a conversation with the geneticist Matt Ridley.We were discussing the common argument that greatness,even genius,is the result of 10,000 hours of dedicated practice.If nurture（培育）is so important and nature such an irrelevance,then an unavoidable question follows:how many people,of all those born in 1756,had the potential,if they were given the right opportunities,to be as good as Mozart?Or how many women,of all those born in 1969,had the potential to become as good at tennis as Graf?精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 17 页，共 23 页According to the logic that a genius hides in all of us,the answer must lie somewhere between“most”and“many”.Ridley s answers were a bit different:four Mozarts and about 30 Grafs.But his answer rang true.（第 45 题）The surprise here is that the idea of talent finds itself attacked by those who believe in nurture alone.Acknowledging a role for genes,any role,can feel almost immoral.When I was quizzed about the genetic arguments in my book“Luck”,the interviewer sounded surprised even though he agreed that I dared to take on the anti-genes industry.（第 46 题）Some people suggest that it is a short jump from recognising the existence of genetic talent to believing in eugenics（优生学）.Personally,Im pretty confident we can distinguish between the two.The role of inborn talent in sport is actually becoming powerful out on the pitch（球场）.In the late 1970s and 1980s,professionalism wasnt yet popular in tennis.John McEnroe enjoyed going for a burger mu