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-ingHave you ever seen these signs?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ing forms1.动词动词-ing形式的构成形式的构成:是在动词末尾加是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成形式构成,因此又叫动词的因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。形式。如如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式否定形式:not+-ing 构成构成2.动词动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有还有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态的变化。3.动词动词-ing形式由动词加形式由动词加-ing变化而成变化而成,它同时具有名词和动词的特征它同时具有名词和动词的特征,在句中可以在句中可以作主语、宾语等。作主语、宾语等。一、动词一、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。谓语动词通常用单数。如:如:Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.无论对年轻人和老年人来讲无论对年轻人和老年人来讲,走路是一种走路是一种很好的锻炼。很好的锻炼。Watching news on TV is my fathers favorite.在电视上看新闻是在电视上看新闻是我爸的最爱。我爸的最爱。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车去杭州要乘火车去杭州要16个小时。个小时。Asking a womans age is impolite in western countries.在西方国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。在西方国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。2.-ing形式作主语时常后置形式作主语时常后置,此时须用此时须用it 作形式主语作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有常见的名词或名词短语有:no use,no good,fun,hard work,a hard/difficult job,a waste of time等等;形容词有形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。等。如如:Its no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。为这件事找借口是没有用的。Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thing.谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。It is worthwhile discussing the question.这个问题值得讨论。这个问题值得讨论。3.在在there be结构中作主语结构中作主语,这种结构的意思这种结构的意思相当于相当于“It is impossible to do”。如:如:若要人不知若要人不知,除非己莫为。除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。There was no knowing when he would leave.外面吹着风。外面吹着风。There is wind blowing outside.动名词与不定式做主语时的比较:动名词与不定式做主语时的比较:动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如:不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如:还是个孩子的时侯还是个孩子的时侯,她就觉得探视病人是她就觉得探视病人是一种责任一种责任,也是一种愉悦。也是一种愉悦。As a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。经历。Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.二、动名词用作宾语二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。动名词作宾语有两种情况。1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practice,cannot stand等。等。如:如:我不能不去。我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Have you considered looking for one special friend?我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People couldnt help laughing foolish man 这类动词还有这类动词还有:excuse,give up,put off,insist on,look forward,feel like等。等。2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。等。A.在在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,等动词之后,用用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重只是侧重点有些不同点有些不同,动名词动名词表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作,不定式不定式表示具体的一次性动作。表示具体的一次性动作。B.在在begin/start,continue之后之后,用动名词和用动名词和不定式不定式,意义无甚区别意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的尤其是当主语是人的时候。时候。C.在动词在动词forget,remember,之后之后,用用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作不定式表示后于谓语动作,如:如:我记得我已把信寄了。我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。我会记着去寄信的。Ill remember to post the letter不要忘了给你母亲写信。不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to write to your motherD.go on doing 和和go on to dogo on doing 继续做一直在做的事继续做一直在做的事;go on to do 接着做另一件事。接着做另一件事。如:如:请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exerciseE.stop doing与与stop to do:Stop doing停止做,停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如如:我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talkgo on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来停下来(别的事别的事)开始开始 做某事做某事try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事 4.Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet A.study B.to study C.for studying D.studying 解析解析:stop studying 意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。D 5.Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told 解析解析:remember telling me 意为意为“记得曾经告诉过我记得曾经告诉过我”。B 1.If you can keep _(read)English newspapers,your English will be improved.2.He has promised _(come)to my birthday party.3.I hate _(tell)lies!4.I will never forget _(go)to Beijing with him last summer.I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES:readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tellWRITE ABOUT A PERSON YOU LOVE OR RESPECT VERY MUCH.HERE IS A SAMPLE FOR YOU.Changchang is a smart boy.Playing model cars is his favourite.And he also likes running.It seems playing is his job every day.Besides,he enjoys talking so much that it seems that he never stops talking until he goes to sleep.Maybe that is why he is good at telling stories.
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