2018高考全国II卷英语试卷答案及解析.docx

2018高考全国卷英语试卷答案及解析2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷注意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。2. 选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure(OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens140WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson425Crafty Foxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Pottyabout Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake15021. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUTB. WBPC. CRFD. POT22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.文体：应用文主题：文章主要提供给了孩子们四种不同类型的夏日活动以及相关具体信息。21. 答案： A 细节题解析：根据题干中关键信息go camping 定位到文中第一个表格OUT中内容：You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. 可知答案选A22. 答案： D 细节题解析：根据题干中Mrs. Wilson 以及Tuesday 这两个关键信息定位到第二个表格中内容： We travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefield. 此处的第二天指的就是题干中的Tuesday，可知答案选D。 23. 答案： A细节题解析： 根据题干中关键细节Potty about Potter可将定位到文中第四个表格第二排信息： Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames . 其中overnight 是 过一夜 的意思，因此可以得知Potty about Potter应该会持续两天，可知答案选A。BMany of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant tasteD. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer “in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.【解析】24. 答案C推测题解析：在第二段最后说了As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?与之相对应答案应为C选项。25. 答案B细节题解析：根据题干中的关键词fresh lemon juice定位到第三段中的if you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. 可知目的是为了防止香蕉变色。26. 答案D推测题解析：定位至最后一段，由feed in frozen bananas可知juicer是可以装香蕉的东西，再看到下一句，关键动词out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert可知该容器可把香蕉变成一个甜品，所以功能强大，选machine机器最恰当。27. 答案B推断题解析：该文中心词是fruit，第二段讲了一些水果的营养成分，第三段则讲述如何做出美味的水果甜点，所以不应该是跟biology“生物”，research“研究”以及travel“旅行”这三个话题相关，故选B，与health“健康”息息相关。CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habitsB. Quality of childrens booksC. Childrens after-class activitiesD. Parent-child relationships29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In paragraph 2B. In paragraph 3C. In paragraph 4D. In paragraph 530. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor qualityB. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for themB. Ask them to write book reportsC. Set up reading groups for themD. Talk with their reading class teachers【解析】28.答案A细节题根据文章第一段的第一句话可知Common Sense Media报道的是关于青少年阅读乐趣大大减少，这里只有A选项是关于阅读的，故选A。29.答案B细节题从文章中能够找到最好的数据支撑的内容应是在第三段，当中明确指出“说自己阅读基本不是因为乐趣的比例从1984年的8%到9%上升到今天的22%到27%”，由此可以看出孩子们的阅读乐趣大大减少。30.答案C从文中第五段的最后一句可知“许多父母仍然限制电子阅读，主要因为担心增加的屏幕时间。”所谓的屏幕时间也就是对长时间面对电子屏幕的时间，即对于健康的影响。故选C。31.答案A从文章的倒数第二段的第一句中的关键词“serving as examples”和“important guides”，以及第二句“数据显示经常阅读的孩子，和不经常阅读的比起来有家里有更多的书，有更多为他们买的书，家长们更多的阅读也留出阅读时间给孩子们。”可知家长们应该作为他们的榜样来培养他们多读书。DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are, like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt event exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains, “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addition to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best tittle for the text?A. Conversation Counts.B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【解析】32. 答案C细节题解析：根据题干的关键词“first paragraph”定位到文章的第一段，根据内容surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence ,表达含义是：围绕着一些，就像我们这样的，专注手机的人或者更为糟糕的是在这种令人不舒服的寂静中挣扎，所以选项C正确。33. 答案B细节题解析：根据题干的关键词“successful small talk 和Carducci” 定位到文章的第三段Carducci所说的三句话，分别是small talk is the grease for successful communication; almost every great love story and each big business deal begin with small talk; 最核心的句子是最后一句：The key to successful talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. 表达含义是：成功谈话的关键是学会如何和别人产生联系而不仅仅是和他们交流，所以选项B正确。34. 答案D细节题解析：根据题干的关键词“coffee-shop study” 定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根据两组对比产生的结果：The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. 表达含义是：结果显示这些和服务员闲聊的人都会报告说有更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店的体验，所以选项D正确。35. 答案C主旨题解析：根据题干的关键词“best title”得知这是一道主旨大意题，所以这道题只有纵观全文，当然可以借助前面两道题的题干知道文章关键词就是“small talk”，所以锁定B和C项，再结合文章大意得知文章重点描述：小对话的好处而非如何进行小对话，所以选项C正确。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives， it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabolism（新陈代谢） gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!【解析】文体：说明文主题：晨炼给人带来的额外好处。答案：GEFBA36.G首段设空，引出文章中心。空前If条件句提示，所以设空处对应之前If条件句，7个选项中只有G项是If条件句37.E小标题意思生产力提升，紧接着makes you more awake ，7个选项中符合同义表达的只有E项 keep your head clear , 保持头脑清醒38.F小标题提到新陈代谢，设空处后文又提到 get the calorie burning benefits , 7个选项中符合同义表达的只有F项，continue to burn calories 持续燃烧卡路里39.B小标题设空，后文提到people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening , 7个选项中跟睡眠质量相关，又能做小标题的只有B项40.A小标题设空，后文提到 you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day , 7个选项中跟坚持选择吃健康食物相关，又能做小标题的只有A项, stick to your diet。C项干扰，小标题核心是stick to , 而不是 prefer A to B 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Two weeks earlier,my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 .The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 ,I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in 47 . “Somethings not 48 !” I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped 51 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very 53 .“Whats his name?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I 54 .That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said. “You 58 my life!”I still cant believe what a 59 it was. Im just so glad I was there 60 to help my son. 41. A.alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last42. A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry43.A.scaredB.shockedC.thrilledD.ashamed44.A.talkB.stayC.meetD.settle45.A.bathedB.cleanC.deepD.formed46.A.fasterB.closerC.heavierD.wiser47.A.troubleB.advanceC.questionD.battle48.A.realB.rightC.fairD.fit49.A.staredB.sankC.divedD.fell50.A.arguingB.fightingC.shoutingD.shaking51.A.leadB.persuadeC.carryD.keep52.A.happenedB.occurredC.appliedD.appealed53.A.sharpB.pleasantC.attractiveD.familiar54.A.agreedB.hesitatedC.doubtedD.knew55.A.FortunatelyB.FranklyC.SadlyD.Suddenly56.A.returnB.relaxC.speakD.leave57.A.jokedB.turnedC.listenedD.pointed58.A.createdB.honoredC.savedD.guided59.A.coincidenceB.changeC.pityD.pain60.A.on boardB.in timeC.for sureD.on purpose【解析】41. D 副词题。由前文中got in touch取得联系和空前儿子3岁随母前往英国可知，自（since）我们上次一别已经13年了，可得答案D. last。42.A 名词题。该空可以通过情感色彩解题，当“我”得知多年未见的孩子要来拜访，so此时的情绪为正向，可得答案A delight。 C. anger和D. worry均为负向， 干扰选项为.B relief (多用于从负面事件或情绪中结束后)。43. C 形容词题。该空同样可以根据前后情感色彩解题，前文的delight以及后一句“我”很早的到达了约定地点可知，该空情绪为正向，可得答案C. thrilled (if someone is thrilled, they are extremely pleased about something.) 其余三个选项为负向44. C 动词题。该句句意为“我们打算见面的地方“，以及后文56空提及了the family met up for dinner。可得答案C。45. A 动词题，根据动词用法“沐浴在阳光中”可得答案A. bathed 尤其注意该单词用语描述（光线）洒满，覆盖be bathed in（some place is covered with light）。46. B 副词题。根据前一句提出的 “150m off the shore”强调距离可知，此处指位置变化-靠近，可得答案B. closer。47. A 名词题。根据后文中“我”跳水救人可知，是注意到某只皮划艇出了问题，in trouble 有麻烦， in advance提前，in question 有疑问，in battle处于战斗中。48. B 形容词题。承接上文，出现意外情况something in trouble可得同义表达something is not right，答案B。49. C 动词题。动作顺序题，“我”脱掉衣服然后“跳”进水里，排掉A盯；B下沉；干扰选项为D fall（多用于意外或自然外力），故选C。50. D 动词题。该空描述人落水后的身体反应，可得答案D. 颤抖。其余选项均不符合文意。A争论；B战斗；C叫喊；故选D。51. C 动词题。由空后out of water可知救人出水，得动词carry，故选C。52. B 动词题。看到他的脸，“我”想到了一些事，固定用法something occur to somebody。53. D 形容词词题。根据后文“我”询问名字确定落水者是儿子，可知他的眼睛对“我”来说“熟悉”familiar故选D。54. D 动词题。由上文可得“我”立刻知道他是我的儿子，故选D。55. A 副词题。根据后文中儿子很快出院可知，此处感情色彩为正向，排除B, C, D选项，B 坦白地，C悲伤地，D突然地，故选A 幸运地。56. D 动词题。根据后文中参加家庭晚宴，可知本空表达儿子出院，可得答案D. leave。57. B 动词题。根据后文中儿子和我的对话，可知这里表达儿子转向“我”，turn to sb. 故选B。58. C 动词题。根据上下文“我”救了儿子的命，save ones life，故选C59. A 名词题。It指代前文事情，“我“在不知情下救了多年未见的儿子，为巧合，因此故选A。60.B 名词题。固定搭配A. on board在船上， B及时， C 确定 D 故意地，可得答案B。第II卷注意：将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the Word Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That preve