Advanced English Book1 U3 Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemyppt课件

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1电子教案,Unit 3 Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy,Detailed Reading,Contents,Warm Up,Global Reading,Consolidation Activities,Text Appreciation,Further Enhancement,Section 1: Warm Up,Take the quiz below to see how well you know about everyday aches and pains.,Lead-in,Background Information,Some people say they feel pain in their hair. T/ F? Pain is always a sign that something is wrong. T/ F? Redheads may be more sensitive to pain than people with other hair colors. T/ F? Growing pains are real. T/ F? Women have a higher threshold for pain. T/ F? Exercise can help reduce pain over time. T/ F? If you have back pain, you should sleep on a firm mattress. T/ F?,T,F,T,T,T,F,F,Section 1: Warm Up,8. The most common painful condition is A. low back pain. B. cancer pain. C. headache. D. arthritis. 9. Icing a sprain A. returns soft tissue to normal. B. decreases swelling. C. increases circulation.,Lead-in,Background Information,A,B,Section 1: Warm Up,10. The difference between chronic pain and acute pain is A. the intensity of the pain. B. how long the pain lasts. C. where the pain is. D. when the pain comes on.,Lead-in,Background Information,B,Section 1: Warm Up,About the Author: Norman Cousins American essayist and editor, Norman Cousins was born in 1915 in Union Hill, New Jersey. He attended Teachers College at Columbia University, and then went on to lead an illustrious career as the longtime editor of The Saturday Review. During his lifetime Cousins fended off a life-threatening disease and a massive coronary, both times using his own regimen of nutritional and emotional support systems as opposed to traditional methods of treatment.,1915-1990,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 1: Warm Up,Norman Cousins died in November, 1990. He led an extraordinary life, spending his lifetime challenging the odds. He received hundreds of awards including the Peace Medal from the United Nations, and nearly fifty honorary doctorate degrees. He also served as a diplomat during three presidential administrations. Cousins wrote on a variety of subjects and had many publications. In 1979, his Anatomy of an Illness appeared, a book based on Cousins own experience with his life-threatening illness and exploring the healing ability of the human mind.,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 2: Global Reading,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,To criticize over-advertisement of pain-killers. To enlighten the public on the causes and mechanisms of pain. To illustrate traditional misconceptions about pain and pain-killers. To recommend solutions for pain and the pain-related illiteracy.,Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.,Section 2: Global Reading,Please divide the text into 4 parts and summarize the main idea of each part.,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part I,(Paragraph 1) Introduction,Paragraph 1 states that Americans are the most pain-conscious people in the world and introduces the result of this over-consciousness.,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part III,(Paragraphs 8-12) Harm of Pain-Killing Drugs,Paragraphs 8-12, making use of typical examples, illustrate the harm of pain-killing drugs.,Section 2: Global Reading,Paragraphs 2-7 focus on the American peoples ignorance about pain. They point out their abuse of pain-killing drugs, and reasons for and harm of the abuse, and suggest the correct ways to confront pain in daily life.,Part II,(Paragraphs 2-7) American Peoples Ignorance about Pain,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part IV,(Paragraph 13) Conclusion,In Paragraph 13, the author calls upon all the parties concerned to take action to educate people about pain and pain-killing drugs.,Section 2: Global Reading,Section 3: Detailed Reading,1 Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the face of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into usin print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversationthat any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result, we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal. 2 We know very little about pain and what we dont know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in,Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about painwhat it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable causeall the way from headaches to hemorrhoids. There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society. 3 2 The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillersaspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs. 4 3 Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings,Section 3: Detailed Reading,of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. 4 It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,5 Patients tend to feel indignant and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause of pain. They tend to interpret the term “psychogenic” to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many forms of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of “conversion hysteria,” the name given by Jean Charcot to,Section 3: Detailed Reading,physical symptoms that have their origins in emotional disturbances. 6 Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness. 5 Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. 6The only answer has to be increased education about the way the human body works, so that more,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill-popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symptoms. 7 Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the “threshold” variety. Almost everyone has a telltale ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point. It can take the form of a migraine-type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or a pain in the lower back or even pain in the joints. 7The individual who has learned how to make,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,the correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesnt panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension. Then, if the pain persists despite the absence of apparent cause, the individual will telephone the doctor. 8 If ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the way pain-killing drugs work is even more so. What is not generally understood is that many of the vaunted pain-killing drugs conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition. They deaden the mechanism in the,Section 3: Detailed Reading,body that alerts the brain to the fact that something may be wrong. 8 The body can pay a high price for suppression of pain without regard to its basic cause. 9 Professional athletes are sometimes severely disadvantaged by trainers whose job is to keep them in action. 9 The more famous the athlete, the greater the risk that he or she may be subjected to extreme medical measures when injury strikes. The star baseball pitcher whose arm is sore because of a torn muscle or tissue damage may need sustained rest more than anything else. But his team is battling for a place in the World,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Series; so the trainer or team doctor, called upon to work his magic, reaches for a strong dose of Butazolidine or other powerful pain suppressants. Presto, the pain disappears! The pitcher takes his place on the mound and does superbly. That could be the last game, however, in which he is able to throw a ball with full strength. The drugs didnt repair the torn muscle or cause the damaged tissue to heal. What they did was to mask the pain, enabling the pitcher to throw hard, further damaging the torn muscle. 10 Little wonder that so many star athletes are cut down in their prime, more the victims of,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,overzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuries themselves. 10 11 The king of all painkillers, of course, is aspirin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, 12 but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, in sustained doses, potentially lethal. 13 Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a day. What they dont know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. 14 Even more,Section 3: Detailed Reading,serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissues, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition. 11 Aspirin is not the only pain-killing drug, of course, that is known to have dangerous side effects. Dr. Daphne A. Roe, of Cornell University, at a medical meeting in New York City in 1974, presented startling evidence of a wide range of hazards associated with sedatives and other pain suppressants. Some of,QUESTION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,these drugs seriously interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize food properly, producing malnutrition. In some instances, there is also the danger of bone-marrow depression, interfering with the ability of the body to replenish its blood supply. 12 Pain-killing drugs are among the greatest advances in the history of medicine. Properly used, they can be a boon in alleviating suffering and in treating disease. 15 But their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people. 16 The,Section 3: Detailed Reading,unremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs, especially over television, has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis. 17Almost from the moment children are old enough to sit upright in front of a television screen, they are being indoctrinated into the hypochondriacs clamorous and morbid world. Little wonder so many people fear pain more than death itself. 13 It might be a good idea if 18concerned physicians and educators could get together to make knowledge about pain an important part of the regular school curriculum. As for the,Section 3: Detailed Reading,populace at large, perhaps some of the same techniques used by public-service agencies to make people cancer-conscious can be used to counteract the growing terror of pain and illness in general. 19People ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive, given a modicum of respect. If our broadcasting stations cannot provide equal time for responses to the pain-killing advertisements, they might at least set aside a few minutes each day for common-sense remarks on the subject of pain.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,20As for the Food and Drug Administration, it might be interesting to know why an agency that has energetically warned the American people against taking vitamins without prescriptions is doing so little to control over-the-counter sales each year of billions of pain-killing pills, some of which can do more harm than the pain they are supposed to suppress.,QUESTION,ACTIVITY,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What has been “drummed into” the American people for years? (Paragraph 1),The idea “that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil”. And because of this, Americans have become fond of pain-killing drugs.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What is the most harmful part of the American peoples ignorance about pain? (Paragraph 2),According to the author, the most widespread or costly form of illiteracy in the United States is ignorance about pain. The most harmful part of it is that people believe that pain is the indicator of poor health and the best way to eliminate pain is to take pills.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What is one possible cause of pain according to Paragraph 5? (Paragraph 5),Emotional disturbances.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What should be the wise response to pain? (Paragraph 6),Dont abuse pain-killing drugs and at the same time pay due attention to symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Why does the author mention the star baseball pitcher? (Paragraph 9),The author mentions the star baseball pitcher to illustrate the great harm of pain-killing drugs: they conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition so that the patient misses the best chance of treatment and recovery. And the famous athletes are the best representatives of these victims.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Why does the author mention aspirin? (Paragraph 10),Because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, this drug has been abused most seriously, its negative side effects being unknown to many people. The author thus uses it as an example to illustrate the great harm of abusing pain-killing drugs.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What should be the responsibility of the media and the government departments in reducing the abuse of pain-killing drugs? (Paragraph 13),The media should set a certain length of time every day to publicize the common-sense remarks on the subject of pain. As for the government departments, such as the Food and Drug Administration, they should exert a more positive influence in controlling over-the-counter sales of pain-killing drugs each year.,Class Discussions It is said that the pain of the mind is much worse than the pain of the body. Discuss the philosophical implications of this statement and present your views with illustrations from your own life experiences.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Section 3: Detailed Reading,e.g.,The importance of good manners was drummed into us at an early age. They drummed it into her that she was not to tell anyone.,drum sth. into sb.: to teach sth. to sb. by repeating it to them frequently,Section 3: Detailed Reading,banish: v. to get rid of sth. completely; to send sb. away, especially from their country, and forbid them to come back,e.g.,You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind. He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Practice:,Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 他们因为吵闹而被赶出了图书馆。 ( =They were banished from the library for making a noise. ) 2) 他现在已摈弃了所有退休的念头。 ( =He has now banished all thoughts of retirement. ),Section 3: Detailed Reading,hypochondriac: n. a person who continually worries about his health, although there is really nothing wrong with him,e.g.,Shes a terrible hypochondriacshes always at the doctors.,Transformation:,hypochondria n. a state in which a person continually worries about his health without having any reason to do so,Section 3: Detailed Reading,e.g.,escalate: v. to make or become greater or more serious,The decision to escalate UN involvement has been taken in the hopes of a swift end to the hostilities. The protests escalated into five days of rioting.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Practice:,Translate the following sentences. 1) 失业后他的经济困难愈发严重。 ( =His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed. ) 2) Any unexpected circumstance that arises may escalate the conflict. ( =任何突发的状况都可能使冲突严重化。),Section 3: Detailed Reading,searing: a. extremely intense,e.g.,A searing pain shot up her arm. The race took place in the searing heat.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,all the more: even more than before,e.g.,Several publishers rejected her book, but that just made her all the more determined. The living room is decorated in pale colours that make it all the more airy.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,rattle off: to say or do sth. very quickly and without much effort,e.g.,She rattled off the names of the people who were coming to the party. Martha instantly rattled off the names and descriptions, hardly stumbling over strange words.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,conceivable: a. possible to imagine or to believe,e.g.,Life without Jane was conceivable; he might always remember her but not always with pain. They have done everything conceivable to help these people.,Transformation:,I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old. I cant conceive how anyone could behave so cruelly.,conceive v. to imagine sth.,e.g.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Section 3: Detailed Reading,hemorrhoid: n. an itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue 痔疮,Section 3: Detailed Reading,self-limiting: a. relating to or denoting sth. which limits itself; here, in medicine, (of a condition) ultimately resolving itself without treatment 自限性的；自行痊愈的,Section 3: Detailed Reading,barbiturate: n. a strong drug that makes people calm or helps them to sleep 巴比妥酸盐（用于抑制中枢神经系统或安眠的镇静剂）,Section 3: Detailed Reading,codeine: n. a drug made from opium which is used to reduce pain 可待因,Section 3: Detailed Reading,tranquilizer: n. a drug used to make a person or animal calmer,e.g.,She was on tranquilizers for a long time after her son died.,Transformation:,tranquilize v. to make an animal or person become unconscious or calm, especially with a drug e.g.,This powerful drug is used to tranquilize patients undergoing surgery.,Synonym:,sedative,Section 3: Detailed Reading,tranquility n.,e.g.,living in peace and tranquility I love the tranquility of the countryside.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,analgesic: n. a type of drug which reduces or eliminates pain 止痛剂,Section 3: Detailed Reading,desensitize: v. to cause sb. to experience sth., usually an emotion or a pain, less strongly than before,Seeing too much violence on television can desensitize people to it.,e.g.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,take on: to accept (a particular job or responsibility),e.g.,She took too much on and made herself ill. No other organization was able or willing to take on the job.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,trappings: n. (pl) all the things that are part of or typical of a particular job, situation or event,e.g.,He enjoyed the trappings of power, such as a chauffeur-driven car and bodyguards. The demonstration had all the trappings of a typical 1960s peace demo.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,boomerang: v. to have the op