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Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 1 Pollution has caused too many problems. Section A (1a-2). Material analysis本课是九年级第二单元第一话题的第一课时。主活动是围绕过去和现在环境的变化展开听说训练。1a通过关于“West Hill”今昔环境变化的对话，引出本话题的污染问题，巩固现在完成时与一般过去时的用法及区别。1b要求学生能够听懂一般过去时态和现在完成时态，也就是要分清1b所提及的词语所伴随的时间。1c要求学生补全描述“West Hill”今昔变化的句子并进行内容复述，即整合1a对话的信息，将对话转换为语篇。2通过观察图片内容，结对编对话，描述污染前后的情况，进一步训练学生口头表达能力和对一般过去时和现在完成时的运用能力。.Teaching aims1. Knowledge aims： 掌握本课的重点词汇、短语和句型；巩固一般过去时和现在完成时的用法和区别。能够用一般过去时和现在完成时描述过去和现在的变化。正确使用there be sth./sb. doing sth.来表达“有某人/物正在做某事”。2. Skill aims: 能运用一般过去时和现在完成时围绕“环境变化”话题展开简单的听、说、读、写活动。3. Emotional aims: 让学生了解环境污染的严重性，并树立环保意识。4. Culture awareness: 通过课文的学习，让学生了解环境的变化，关注全球的环境问题。. The key points and difficult points1. Key points: Words and phrases: bee, butterfly, mess, shame, several, waste, pour, see sb./sth. doing sth., pourinto,villager, destroy,cut down, polluteSentences: What a mess! / What a shame! The flowers and grass have gone! What has happened here?There be sth./sb. doing sth. There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.Everything has changed. Grammar: Differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. 2. Difficult points：能正确以口头和书面形式区别使用一般过去时和现在完成时。正确使用there be sth./sb. doing sth.来表达“有某人/物正在做某事”。. Learning strategies 通过呈现情景的方式进行词汇或句型教学，让学生在情境中理解并学会运用； 通过学习1a和2，引导学生模仿已有对话，编写新的对话； 通过完成1c，培养学生整合对话信息，将对话转换为语篇的能力。. Teaching aids录音机，幻灯片，黑板等。. Teaching procedures Step 1 Review(5 min)Have a quick review of Unit 1 by inviting some Ss to report their discovery on the changes in our hometown. T: Good morning, boys and girls. In Unit 1, we have learned the topic about The Changing World. And your homework last week was to find out the great changes in our hometown these years. Here are the photos you have found about the changes. Good job! Now Id like to invite some of you to tell us the changes in your pictures. Who would like to have a try?Ss: T: Well done. Thank you very much.Remarks:回顾第一单元，请学生谈论他们收集的家乡今昔变化的图片，复习一般过去时和现在完成时，在真实的语言环境中运用英语，激发学生学习的兴趣。Step 2 Lead-in (5 mins)1. Show some pictures about pollution and introduce the topic of Unit 2.T: Im glad that you have found out so many great changes in our hometown. These changes are good. However, some other changes are not. Let me show you some pictures. What can you see in these pictures?Ss: T: It is good that we have more factories, more cars, more buildings, but it is bad that we also have more air pollution, water pollution, light pollution, noise pollution and so on. Pollution has caused many problems. Our changing world is in danger, so we have to save it. Today, we will move on to a new unit, Unit 2 Saving the Earth. Topic 1 Pollution has caused so many problems. 2. Watch a short video about pollution and ask the Ss to talk about the video.T: Before learning Section A, Id like you to watch a short video and find out what has happened to Lucys hometown.T: OK, now tell me what has happened to Lucys hometown. Ss: T: Yes, Lucys hometown has changed a lot because of pollution. Pollution has destroyed the village. Now Id like to show you another example of the West Hill.Remarks:通过图片从谈论发展变化（好的变化）过渡到环境变化（坏的变化），自然地导入第二单元的话题“环境污染”。接着通过观看视频，让学生直观感受污染给环境造成的破坏。 Step 3.Pre-listening (8 mins)Present two pictures of the West Hill and help the Ss describe the changes. Teach the new words and some difficult sentences. (Show the picture of the West Hill to the Ss on PPT)T: Kangkang and his friends are going to have a picnic in the West Hill. Is the West Hill beautiful? Look at the picture.What can you see in the picture?S1: I can see a big tree(Point to the tree.) S2: I can see some flowers and grass. (Point to the flowers and grass.)T: Can you see the bees and butterflies dancing there. (Point to the bees and butterflies, and then write down the words and phrases on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Ss: Yes.T: What else can you see?S4:I can see a rabbit. S5:I can see a river.T: Right. You can also say “stream”, a stream is a small river. What else can you see?S6:T: Right. The West Hill was a beautiful place. But it has changed a lot. Look at this picture. What a mess! What can you see in the picture now?S7: I can see the dirty water.S8: I can see some dead fish.T: Right. What has happened? Can you see the flowers and grass?Ss: No.T: The flowers and grass have gone! “Have gone” means “have disappeared”. (Point to the factories)Look! There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Everything has changed. (Point to the several chemical factories, and then write down the words“several, chemical, waste” and sentences“There be.doing sth.”,“What a mess!” on the Bb/show them on the screen.)Remarks: 通过图片谈论西山被污染前后的状况，更好的体会一般过去时和现在完成时在语境中的运用，同时也突破了单词关。在教授新单词时,同时呈现单词和音标，让学生运用所学音标自己解决单词的读音问题，如果学生发音不准，老师再及时更正。根据图片和讲解，引导学生大胆的猜测词义和部分难句的意思，为1a中的听力对话扫障碍。Step 4. While-listening (10 mins)1. Ask the Ss to listen to 1a once and answer some questions. T: Listen to the tape carefully and try to find out the answers to the following questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill? (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!”? (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there?T: Now answer my questions. (1)When did Kangkang go to the West Hill?Ss: Two years ago.T: (2)Why does Kangkang say “What a mess!” ?Ss: Because the beautiful West Hill has gone. It isn t beautiful now.T: (3)Do they still want to have a picnic there ?Ss: Of course not.2. Ask the Ss to mark the words with P (Past) or N (Now) in 1b.T: Now mark the words with P(past) or N(now) in 1b and check the answers in your group.S1: “Beautiful” is in the past.S2: “Butterflies” are in the past.S3: “Dirty” is now.3. Have the Ss listen to 1a again and pay attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. Then practice 1a in groups and role play it.T: Watch the video and pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.T: Now read 1a aloud with your group members and act it out.T: Who would like to be Jane?.Ss:Remarks: 本课对话不长，词汇量不大，可以直接在组内核对习题答案。让学生通过朗读的方式感知一般过去时和现在完成时的差别。分角色朗读是培养语感，增强自信，提高兴趣的基本方法之一。Step 5. Post-listening (13 mins)1. Have the Ss work in pairs. Look at the pictures and make up conversations with their partner.T: Look at the pictures and make up conversations in pairs like this:Example:A: There were lots of flowers and grass when I visited the village last year.观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。B: But now the flowers and grass have gone.A: What a shame! What has happened here?B: The villagers have destroyed them.T: Now Id like to invite two pairs to have a try.Ss:2. Have the Ss read through 1a and fill in the blanks in 1c in groups.T: Read through 1a and fill in the blanks in 1c as quickly as possible, and then discuss the answers with your group members. T: Now check the answers together.S1: a beautiful placeS2: lots of flowers and grassS3: 3. Have the Ss retell 1a to their partner.T: Try to retell 1a to your partner. You can use the pictures and the key words.Example: In the past, the West Hill was a beautiful place with flowers and grass. We could see bees and butterflies dancing. The air was fresh, the water was very clean and we could see fish swimming. But now, all the flowers, grass, bees, butterflies and fish have gone. The water is so dirty and it smells terrible. Why? Because there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. Pollution has destroyed the West Hill, so we should protect the environment.Remarks: 通过学习1a，引导学生模仿已有对话，编写新的对话；接着要求学生根据1a的内容补全句子并在此基础上进行复述，培养学生整合对话信息，将对话转换为语篇的能力。通过Post-listening这个环节，帮助学生进一步巩固和运用本课所学词汇、句型和语法，兼顾了语言输入和输出，进一步发展了学生的口语能力。Step 6 Summarizing. (3 mins)Sum up the main content of this class and the key pointsT: Lets sum up what we have learned today. We learn some new words, phrases and sentences. Please repeat after me: bee, butterfly, stream, mess, shame, several, pour, waste; see sb. doing sth., pourinto; There are/isdoing. Now we can express our strong feelings, such as “What a mess!”, “What a shame!” We can also know the differences between Simple Past and Present Perfect tense. For example, “It was a beautiful place.” “Everything has changed.” Step 7 Assigning homework. (1 mins)1. Practice 1a with your partner.2. Retell 1a and write down the changes in the West Hill.3. Talk about how many kinds of pollution you know and make a list. Blackboard designPollution has caused too many problems.Section A(1a-1c)Words and phrase:bee,butterfly,stream,mess, shame,several,waste, see sb./sth. doing sth.,pour sth. into, villager,destroy, cut down, pollute观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。Sentences:唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。What a mess! / What a shame!其实,任何一门学科都离不开死记硬背,关键是记忆有技巧,“死记”之后会“活用”。不记住那些基础知识,怎么会向高层次进军?尤其是语文学科涉猎的范围很广,要真正提高学生的写作水平,单靠分析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必须从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时间让学生“死记”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰富的词语、新颖的材料等。这样,就会在有限的时间、空间里给学生的脑海里注入无限的内容。日积月累,积少成多,从而收到水滴石穿,绳锯木断的功效。The flowers and grass have gone!What has happened here?There are several factories pouring waste water into the stream.第 6 页
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