资源描述
学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业指导(2) 电大学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业评讲（1）（第1至2章）学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）是中央广播电视大学学前教育专业（专科）的一门专业基础理论课程，同时也是一门统设必修课程。为帮助大家更好地把握作业中的内容，我将作业中的重点、难点问题整理如下，供同学们学习时参考。本门课程的作业评讲分4次进行，今天先评讲第1次。下文中，黑色部分是问题和答案，其他颜色是解释和说明。一、简答题1幼儿节奏感发展特征是什么？考核知识点：第一章 学前儿童音乐心理的发展特征 第二节 二、学前儿童音乐知觉与制作的发展特征 （二）节奏知觉与身体动作的发展答案要点：3岁-4岁的幼儿可以通过大量的身体动作表演与打击乐表演获得稳定的节拍感。4岁-5岁的幼儿可以通过快与慢的配合理解节拍，通过歌谣朗诵理解节奏型。5岁-6岁的幼儿已经能够理解歌曲的节奏型。2幼儿速度知觉的年龄特征是什么？考核知识点：第一章 学前儿童音乐心理的发展特征 第二节 二、学前儿童音乐知觉与制作的发展特征 （三）音色、力度、速度知觉与制作的发展 答案要点：3岁-4岁的幼儿能够用简单的身体动作合中速偏慢、中速稍快的音乐。4岁-5岁的幼儿可以辨别渐快、渐慢的音乐，并能够调节身体动作去合速度。5岁-6岁的幼儿能够辨别与理解快慢的所有变化关系。3符合幼儿趣味的歌曲特点有哪些？考核知识点：第二章 学前儿童音乐特性（一）第一节 学前儿童音乐作品的本体特征 二、学前儿童音乐作品的再现特性 （二）学前儿童再现特性音乐作品的类型答案要点：（1）歌词本身生动、具有儿童语言的口味，幼儿容易朗诵；（2）歌词所描述的主题突出、故事性强、幼儿容易动作表演；（3）旋律音调与词调吻合，幼儿容易歌唱。4学前儿童再现性音乐作品的类型有哪些？考核知识点：第二章 学前儿童音乐特性（一）第一节 学前儿童音乐作品的本体特征 二、学前儿童音乐作品的再现特性 （二）学前儿童再现特性音乐作品的类型答案要点：（1）句式规整、童趣盎然的再现性器乐曲；（2）句式规整的再现性成人器乐曲；（3）句式不规整的再现性器乐曲。5简述大脑神经系统发展领域对音乐学习关键期的二种解释。考核知识点：第一章 学前儿童音乐心理的发展特征 第三节 学前儿童音乐学习的意义与制约条件 一、学前儿童音乐学习的意义答案要点：一种解释：神经元轴突的髓鞘化过程对儿童早期的发展非常重要，也正是神经元轴突髓鞘化是产生学习关键期的基础。另一种解释：在生命的早期，许多神经元尚未被确定今后负责、控制什么，10岁之前，所有关于运动的经历和经验决定皮层上究竟有多少神经元控制身体的各个具体部位。二、音乐材料分析题分析“未出壳雏鸡的舞蹈”的曲式结构与再现主题内容。考核知识点：第二章 学前儿童音乐特性（一）第一节 学前儿童音乐作品的本体特征 二、学前儿童音乐作品的再现特性（三）学前儿童音乐作品再现特性的挖掘参考答案：对幼儿园教师来说，挖掘音乐作品的再现内容一般可以采取以下两个步骤：第一部，曲式分析，旨在捕捉再现内容的音乐主题；第二步，动作表现，旨在全市再现内容。句式规整、童趣盎然的器乐曲再现特性的挖掘步骤一：画出此图的结构图，确认音乐内容主题。对再现性乐曲作出句式分析后，往往比较容易得出曲子的主题内容。但是，需要特别强调的是用语言表达的乐曲的主题内容是音乐之外的东西，对教师的备课来说很重要，但对音乐教学过程来说只是附带的内容。步骤二：把音乐的再现内容用动作诠释出来。这个阶段是教师的理性分析阶段。理性分析是感性表演的前提，当进入音乐课堂时理性进入隐性，呈现在幼儿面前的是教师的感性表演。未出壳雏鸡的舞蹈的句式结构图：, A . B A / , a b . a 段尾 a b c a b a 尾声 （由于输入法等问题，详细请见教材p27）未出壳雏鸡的舞蹈主要表现了小鸡努力从蛋壳里钻出来的情景，通过用嘴啄、扭屁股、扇翅膀等动作表现。可爱的小雏鸡跳起了滑稽可笑的舞蹈，加上装饰音乐的轻巧、活泼的音调。维妙维肖地刻划出雏鸡叽叽喳喳乱叫，活蹦乱跳的形态。我们从中不仅可以听到雏鸡的叫声，还可以听到它奋力地啄食蛋壳，力图破壳而出的声音。（见教材p27）学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业指导(2)学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业评讲（2）（第3至4章）责任教师 洪雅君学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）是中央广播电视大学学前教育专业（专科）的一门专业基础理论课程，同时也是一门统设必修课程。为帮助大家更好地把握作业中的内容，我将作业中的重点、难点问题整理如下，供同学们学习时参考。本门课程的作业评讲分4次进行，今天评讲第2次。下文中，黑色部分是问题和答案，其他颜色是解释和说明。一、简答题1在柯达伊歌唱教学中，准确音调歌唱的三个条件是什么？考核知识点：第三章 学前儿童音乐特性 第一节 学前儿童的音乐制作 二、学前儿童的演唱（四）柯达伊以演唱为主的音乐教学法 2.幼儿歌唱教学的要点参考答案：一是选择适合幼儿智力和身体发展程度的音域合适的短小歌曲进行教学。二是选择的歌曲具有合适的音高；三是教师要为幼儿提供具有准确音调、准确发音吐字和带有愉快情绪的范唱。对幼儿歌唱的要求是：适中的音量、准确的音调、清晰的吐字与伴随简单的动作。2简述引发幼儿自发咏唱的策略。考核知识点：第三章 学前儿童音乐特性 第一节 学前儿童的音乐制作 二、学前儿童的演唱（四）柯达伊以演唱为主的音乐教学法 2.幼儿歌唱教学的要点参考答案：（1）在日常生活中教师经常与幼儿进行喧叙调式的对话；（2）当引导幼儿创编完整曲子时，要求幼儿最起码说三件事。3进入音乐思维迁移环节有哪四种情况？考核知识点：第三章 学前儿童音乐特性 第二节 学前儿童的音乐即兴 三、学前儿童的演奏即兴 （二）进入音乐思维的迁移环节参考答案：（1）歌曲的动作表演与歌唱活动完成后进入音乐思维的迁移环节；（2）舞曲的动作表演完成后进入音乐思维的迁移环节；（3）器乐曲的动作表演完成后进入音乐思维的迁移环节；（4）身体打击乐完成后进入音乐思维的迁移环节。4学前儿童音乐经验获得的三个条件是什么？考核知识点：第四章 学前儿童音乐经验 第二节 学前儿童音乐经验获得的机制 参考答案：（1）在听音乐的同时让幼儿“见”到音乐的再现内容；（2）用一种制作方式让幼儿去感知与其音乐经验相符的音乐形式样式；（3）用其它类型的制作方式让幼儿去解释他们对音乐形式样式的理解。5再现音乐内容的三项标准是什么？考核知识点：第四章 学前儿童音乐经验 第二节 学前儿童音乐经验获得的机制 一、在听音乐的同时让幼儿“见”到音乐的再现内容 （二）再现音乐内容的标准参考答案： (1)形式规限标准;(2)意象思维标准;(3)以身体动作呈现方式为主,以其它呈现方式为辅标准。二、音乐材料分析题分析“喜洋洋”的曲式结构与再现主题内容。考核知识点：第二章 学前儿童音乐特性（一）第一节 学前儿童音乐作品的本体特征 二、学前儿童音乐作品的再现特性（三）学前儿童音乐作品再现特性的挖掘参考答案：对幼儿园教师来说，挖掘音乐作品的再现内容一般可以采取以下两个步骤：第一部，曲式分析，旨在捕捉再现内容的音乐主题；第二步，动作表现，旨在全市再现内容。句式规整、童趣盎然的器乐曲再现特性的挖掘步骤一：画出此图的结构图，确认音乐内容主题。对再现性乐曲作出句式分析后，往往比较容易得出曲子的主题内容。但是，需要特别强调的是用语言表达的乐曲的主题内容是音乐之外的东西，对教师的备课来说很重要，但对音乐教学过程来说只是附带的内容。步骤二：把音乐的再现内容用动作诠释出来。这个阶段是教师的理性分析阶段。理性分析是感性表演的前提，当进入音乐课堂时理性进入隐性，呈现在幼儿面前的是教师的感性表演。曲式结构： A , B . A / a ab c 过渡 a b c d a ab c（由于输入法等问题，详细请见教材p28）再现主题内容：在粮食丰收后的一个晚上，农村男女青年喜气洋洋地敲锣打鼓、跳舞欢庆。有几个男青年敲起了鼓（第一段ab两句），有几个男青年敲起了钹（第一段c句），有几个男青年敲起了吊钗（第一段d句）；然后所有的女青年拿着绸带跳起了绸带舞，先是把绸带往头顶甩（第二段ab句），然后把绸带往身旁甩（第二段cd句）；最后男青年又出来了（第三段重复第一段）。学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业评讲（）（第5至7章）责任教师 洪雅君学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）是中央广播电视大学学前教育专业（专科）的一门专业基础理论课程，同时也是一门统设必修课程。为帮助大家更好地把握作业中的内容，我将作业中的重点、难点问题整理如下，供同学们学习时参考。本门课程的作业评讲分4次进行，今天评讲第3次。下文中，黑色部分是问题和答案，其他颜色是解释和说明。一、简答题1以音乐教育内容为结构框架的目标体系中组成体系的四部分内容结构与三个目标纬度各是什么？考核知识点：第五章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理（一）目标、内容与评价 第一节 学前儿童音乐课程目标的确定 三、学前儿童音乐课程目标体系 （一）学前儿童音乐课程目标体系的类型参考答案：以音乐教育内容为结构框架的目标体系中组成体系的四部分内容结构分别为：歌唱，韵律活动，打击乐器演奏，欣赏；三个目标维度为：认知，情感与态度，操作技能。2音乐表现性评价设计的三个步骤是什么？考核知识点：第五章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理（一）目标、内容与评价 第三节 学前儿童音乐课程的评价参考答案：第一步，确定表现性任务；第二步，设计表现性任务的情境；第三步，确定评价标准。3简述教育心理学的学习理论观。考核知识点：第六章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理 第二节 幼儿园音乐教学中的经验铺垫策略 一、幼儿园音乐铺垫教学的理论基础 （二）教育心理学的学习理论观参考答案：教育心理学的学习理论认为，学习者原有的经验是学习的基础，知识或信息的获得过程是学习者的新旧知识反复地、双向交互的过程。只有针对学习者已有经验和兴趣的教学，才能激发学习者的学习积极性，学习才有可能是主动、有效、深入的。幼儿已有的知识是教学活动的起点，基于和利用幼儿已有的知识是教学成功的重要策略。但幼儿已有的知识是有限的，当幼儿与教学内容的对话因已有知识不够而无法有效的进行，教师应努力激活幼儿已有的知识，为新旧知识的连通铺平道路；当幼儿与教学内容的对话因缺乏生活经验的积累而无法有效的进行时，教师需要在幼儿现有的水平和不可能的水平之间搭上支架，创立最近发展区，为幼儿学习新的知识扫清障碍。4器乐曲动作意象有哪三种方式？考核知识点：第六章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理（二）幼儿园音乐教学原理 第四节 幼儿园器乐曲教学的准备与一般步骤 一、幼儿园器乐曲教学的准备参考答案：（1）依据作品原意进行情节性的动作意象；（2）离开作品原意，进入幼儿能理解的生活情节的动作意象；（3）带有舞蹈意味的无情节的动作意象。二、论述题1阐述幼儿年龄阶段音乐关键经验目标中第一、二个层次的音乐形式经验目标。考核知识点：第五章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理（一）目标、内容与评价 第一节 学前儿童音乐课程目标的确定 三、学前儿童音乐课程目标体系 （一）学前儿童音乐课程目标体系的类型参考答案：节奏：稳定的节拍；疏密节奏型。旋律：声音的高低；旋律的上行与下行；旋律的跳进与级进。音色：日常音色、打击乐音色、人声、乐器音色。速度：快与慢；渐快与渐慢。织体：打击乐、舞蹈中声音的多层次；有伴奏无伴奏比较；声音厚薄比较；多声部歌唱。力度：轻与重；渐强与渐弱。结构：模仿句；重复句；喊答句；主副歌；三段体、回旋曲；引子。风格：摇篮曲、舞曲、进行曲。三、音乐材料分析题1分析“水族馆”的曲式结构与音乐内容主题。考核知识点：第六章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理 （二）幼儿园音乐教学原理 第四节 幼儿园器乐曲教学的准备与一般步骤 参考答案：曲式结构：A B C D EAbcd abcd ab ab abcd（由于输入法等问题，详细请见教材p166）音乐主题内容： 小朋友在水族馆先看见鱼儿尾巴打着圈、轻盈地游着；再看见水草由高到低地漂游；又看见波浪在翻腾或者看见一圈一圈的鱼群；然后看见水中的大泡泡和小泡泡；最后看见水草。学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）作业评讲（）（第8至15章）责任教师 洪雅君学前儿童艺术教育（音乐）是中央广播电视大学学前教育专业（专科）的一门专业基础理论课程，同时也是一门统设必修课程。为帮助大家更好地把握作业中的内容，我将作业中的重点、难点问题整理如下，供同学们学习时参考。本门课程的作业评讲分4次进行，今天评讲最后一次。下文中，黑色部分是问题和答案，其他颜色是解释和说明。一、简答题1简述节拍音乐经验获得机制。考核知识点：第八章 学前儿童音乐经验（一）节奏 第二节 节奏型参考答案：（1）幼儿通过模仿老师的身体动作制作方式来感知拍子。（2）用同样的身体制作方式在不同的音乐作品中表达对拍子的理解。（3）对同一音乐作品通过打击乐制作方式来表达对拍子的理解。2“雨落在草地上，雨落在树上，雨落在房顶上，就不落在我身上。”写出这首童谣的节奏型与节拍。考核知识点：第八章 学前儿童音乐经验（一）节奏 第二节 节奏型参考答案：由于输入法等原因，无法正常显示，具体参见教材p2083简述打击乐器音色经验的获得机制。考核知识点：第十章 学前儿童音乐经验（三）音色 第二节 打击乐器的音色参考答案：（1）用打击乐器模拟日常生活音色；（2）探索录音中的打击乐声音是如何发出来的，并实践尝试；（3）即兴创作打击乐器作品的演奏。4简述人的音色经验的获得机制。考核知识点：第十章学前儿童音乐经验（三）音色 第三节 人声参考答案：（1）运用模拟日常生活中的音色；（2）绘声绘色地表演故事中的角色，尤其是需要使用头声的角色。（3）努力进行头声歌唱。四、论述题1论述幼儿提炼乐曲节奏型可能使用的四种方法。考核知识点：第八章 学前儿童音乐经验（一）节奏 第二节 节奏型 五、与拍子重音重叠的节奏型参考答案：幼儿提炼乐曲节奏型可能使用的四种方法：（1）提炼出节拍，用打击乐器演奏出来。（2）提炼出音符简化后的节奏型，即去掉附点、切分等难的音符，只留下二分、四分、八分等简单的音符，并组成节奏型。（3）基本上也是提炼节拍，但在延续音上有保留了节奏。（4）完全根据重拍提炼节奏型。五、音乐材料分析题写出单圈舞“彩带”的动作说明。考核知识点：第六章 学前儿童音乐课程编制原理 （二）幼儿园音乐教学原理 第五节 幼儿园集体舞的类型与教学的一般步骤 （二）单圈舞参考答案：圈舞“彩带”的动作说明全体围成圈，手拉手。A段：第1-4小节、第9-12小节，第17-20小节，右脚起步逆时针方向走四步，特别关照第四步身体转向圈心，脚步调节，准备左脚的起步。第5-8小节、第13-16小节，第21-24小节，左脚起步顺时针方向走四步，特别关照第四步身体转向圈心，脚步调节，准备右脚的起步。B段：第1-4小节、第9-12小节，右脚起步朝圆心走四步。第5-8小节、第13-16小节，右脚起步退回圈中原位。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place thats more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall, says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area, she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint Johns University, Chinas first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The alleys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generations, such as raising chickens at home. Address: West Guangfu Road Moganshan Road This is anartsy street that has become very popular among artists and fashionistas in recent years. Graffiti covers the walls on the winding street, where you can find a cluster of art galleries and creative industry offices. Sihang Warehouse Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, first-aid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district整理范文，仅供参考欢迎您下载我们的文档资料可以编辑修改使用致力于合同简历、论文写作、PPT设计、计划书、策划案、学习课件、各类模板等方方面面，打造全网一站式需求觉得好可以点个赞哦如果没有找到合适的文档资料，可以留言告知我们哦
展开阅读全文