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专题三 非谓语动词非谓语动词的核心考点1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth. ”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。My job is to teach English.(说明内容)beto do sth. (表示按计划要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do sth. 主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to have done主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成时。(B)was/were to不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等词后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.题组训练1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold).5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) peoples concern over food safety.8.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2.forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事3.regret to do sth. 对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth. 对发生过的事后悔4.try to do sth. 设法，试图做某事try doing sth. 试试看，试一试5.mean to do sth. 打算做，想要做mean doing sth. 意味着want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2.The patient required examining.The patient required to be examined.表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式(表被动意义)。题组训练2用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its no use complaining(complain) without taking action.2.Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3.Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4.She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5.Marys coming(come) late made her mother angry.3.现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴随状语The girls came in，following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(2)现在分词作表语。主语bev.-ed表示被动，主语是人；主语bev.-ing表示主动，主语是物。4.过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。(1)作原因状语Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作条件状语Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.题组训练3用所给动词的正确形式填空1.The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3.The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house.4.Look over theretheres a very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.6.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7.Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8.More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9.The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江苏，26)A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案D解析句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的12 000个的预期数量。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。A项having exceeded表示exceed的动作发生在were created之前，不符合语境；B项to exceed不能作伴随状语；C项exceeded表示主语与exceed之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。故选D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3)A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled答案B解析选项中只有B项能作句子的主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，用作本句的主语自然不符合语法逻辑。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018北京，6)A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared答案B解析此处需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意为：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京，10)A.used B.to useC.using D.use答案A解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该选A项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .(2018天津，7)A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.take答案B解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.(2018天津，12)A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；trying答案D解析句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏，21)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案A解析句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“ their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作，因此选A。8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14)A.being allowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案B解析考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.(2017北京，27)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved答案C解析考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。10.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30)A.ranging B.rangeC.to range D.ranged 答案A解析句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从到(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。11.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案D解析句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。12.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10)A.having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。13.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.(2016浙江，19)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案A解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心，是固定搭配，故选A。14.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4)A.making B.to makeC.made D.being made答案A解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词，所以make只能用非谓语动词形式；句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。15. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015北京，21)A.Catching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案C解析考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。这里逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。16. more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建，28)A.Learn B.LearnedC.To learn D.To be learning答案C解析考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。逗号后面没有连词，可以判断此处应填非谓语动词，排除A项；learn与其逻辑主语Jack之间是主动关系，排除B项；此处用动词不定式作目的状语。17.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18)A.perform B.performingC.to perform D.being performed答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。18.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5)A.having developed B.to developC.developed D.develop答案C解析考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。19.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .(2014福建，30)A.connected B.connectingC.to connect D.to be connected答案A解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。20.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21)A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。1.The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.(2018苏锡常镇一调，23)A.having been designed B.being designedC.designed D.designing答案C解析句意为：这个旨在帮助人们参与到学习中的终身学习计划已经在全欧洲取得重大成功。design与主语是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故选C。2.I find singing Karaoke ，for it takes my mind off my work for a while.A.being relaxed B.to relaxC.relaxed D.relaxing答案D解析句意为：我觉得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因为它让我暂时不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的复合结构，relaxing是宾语补足语，修饰事物，意为“令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的”。3.An app that rewards students for time away from their phones is being released in the UK.(2018苏锡常镇四市二调，25)A.spending B.spentC.to spend D.spend答案B解析句意为：在英国一种能奖励学生不把时间花在手机上的应用软件正在被推出。time与spend之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词spent作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is spent away from their phones，故选B项。4.The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out.(2017南京九中模拟，22)A.getting B.got C.to get D.get答案C解析句意为：水现在有两英尺深，即使有可能，也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语，it是形式宾语，difficult是补足语，故选C。5.No one can avoid by advertisements.A.influencing B.influencedC.being influenced D.to influence答案C解析动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，本题属被动语态。故答案为C。6.Much disappointed as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州二模，4)A.to have failed B.failedC.having failed D.failing答案A解析be disappointed to do sth. 对感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”可知此处强调这件事带来的结果对后面产生了影响，因此用现在完成时态。句意为：尽管他面试失败很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故选A。7. regular training in nursing，she could hardly cope with the work at first.(2018泰州二模，10)A.Not received B.Since receivingC.Having not received D.Not having received答案D解析句中receive和主语she是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。且receive发生在主句谓语动词之前，用having received，其否定式是在前面加not。句意为：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。故选D。8.With so many orphans ，the charity organization calls for more donations.A.to look after B.being looked afterC.to be looked after D.looked after答案A解析句意为：有如此多的孤儿要照顾，这个慈善机构需要更多的捐助。本题考查的是with的复合结构，其用法为：withn.doing/done/to do/adj.。此处用不定式表将来。9. his eyes on the album，he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village.A.Fixed B.To be fixedC.Fixing D.Having fixed答案C解析句意为：目不转睛地看着相册，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那个山村的快乐时光。动词fix和其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，且与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故需用现在分词，选C。10.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings in literature，literary works it became more positive.(2018扬州期末，25)A.featuring B.being featuredC.having featured D.featured答案A解析句意为：一旦冬天在文学中对人类的威胁减少，以冬天为特征的文学作品就变得更加积极。句子主语由winter变为literary works，前后主语不一致，用独立主格结构。literary works与feature是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选A。11.Despite his death，Castros courage and wisdom are always believed a new generation of political leaders in Latin America.(2017如东、前黄等高级中学四校联考，24)A.to inspire B.inspiringC.to have inspired D.having inspired答案C解析句意为：尽管卡斯特罗已经仙逝，但是他的勇气和智慧一直被认为激励着拉丁美洲新一代的政治领导人。inspire这一动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，故C项正确。12.The autocompany succeeded in developing a new type of new energy vehicle， countless failures.(2018南通、泰州一模，28) A.experiencing B.to experienceC.to have experienced D.having experienced答案D解析句意为：在经历了无数次失败之后，这个汽车公司成功研发了一款新能源汽车。experience countless failures发生在succeed之前，用having done的形式。故选D。13.Everything smoothly，more jobs created for people allow them to be independent of others.A.ran B.runsC.running D.to run答案C解析句意为：一切顺利进行，为人们创造更多的就业机会，使他们能够独立于他人。根据句意及分析句子结构可知，逗号前后没有连词且动词的逻辑主语不一致，所以前后不存在从属关系，而是独立主格结构，everything与run之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以使用现在分词表主动。故选C。14.One of the programmes organized by WPF is Food-for-Growth programme， people at risk.A.targeting B.targetedC.targeting at D.targets答案A解析句意为：由WPF组织的项目之一是Food-for-Growth项目，该项目针对处于危险中的人们。“ people at risk”作定语修饰programme，programme与target是主动关系，用现在分词形式，target以 (某特定人群) 为目标，针对，是及物动词，无需介词。故选A。15. to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.(2017南通一模，32)A.Being attached B.AttachedC.Attaching D.Having attached答案B解析句意为：礼物上附着一张便条，用来表达他对他在这里期间我们招待他的感谢之情。分析句子成分可知note后的句子为定语从句，句子主句为“ to the gift was a note”，此句为一个完全倒装结构，正常语序应为“a note was to the gift”。表达 “某物附在上面”，用短语be attached to，故选B项。16. by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.A.Surrounded B.Being surroundedC.Having been surrounded D.Surrounding答案B解析要填空的部分作主语，用动名词，需用被动关系，所以用动名词的被动结构。句意为：被青山环抱且坐落于黄山脚下使太平湖成为一个著名的旅游景点。17.We dont hope to see children nothing in their families，for children can be easily spoiled.(2018苏北六市联考，33)A.denying B.deniedC.to deny D.being denied答案B解析句意为：我们不希望看到在家里对孩子们有求必应，因为这样他们很容易被宠坏。句中有两个结构：deny sb. nothing对某人有求必应；see宾语宾补。children和deny之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故选B项。18.The country will not set a target to double its gross domestic product from 2021 on，more emphasis on unbalanced and inadequate development and quality of growth.A.put B.being putC.to be put D.having been put答案C解析句意为：从2021年起，那个国家将不再设定国内生产总值翻一番的目标，而是将更多的重点放在不平衡和不充分的发展和质量的提升上。根据句意可知，此处用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示将来的动作且emphasis与动词put是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式。19.What does Nickys job involve as a public relations director? quite a lot of time with other people.(2017苏北六市联考，29)A.Spending B.Having spentC.To spend D.To have spent答案A解析句意为：尼基作为公共关系总监是做什么工作的呢？花很多时间和别人在一起。答话者针对问题中的what进行回答，应用动名词短语，故选A项。20.Newly chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association，Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，32)A.appointing B.appointedC.being appointed D.having appointed答案B解析句意为：新被任命的中国篮协主席姚明把改革国内篮球比赛的管理放在他日程表的第一位。根据语境可知，设空处充当定语，修饰chairman，它与appoint之间存在被动关系，排除A、D。另外being appointed表示正在被任命，不符合语境，故选B项。
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