2019-2020年高中英语 语法复习讲义+训练 独立主格

2019-2020年高中英语语法复习讲义+训练独立主格独立主格（一）独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词;名词（代词）+形容词;名词（代词）+副词;名词（代词）+不定式;名词（代词）+介词短语构成。（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.sorrow.=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeep总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Thisdone,wewenthome.工作完成后，我们才回家。Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆With的复合结构表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。with+名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.典型例题Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback。A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.1）独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.（hand前不能加his）。2）当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.典型例题：Weather_,wellgooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为fweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可2019-2020年高中英语课堂15分钟达标练Module1LifeintheFuturePeriod3Grammar外研版必修4I. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. FromtomorrowtoJune17,he(travel)alongtheYangtzeRiver.2. Canyouimaginewhatkindofcarwe(drive)in2020?3. We(climb)YueluMountainattenoclocktomorrowmorning.4. I(take)anexamat2:30tomorrowafternoon,soIcantgoskatingwithyou.5. Ihopehe(find)agoodjoboneday.6. Thatbus(leave)in10minutes.7. Ithinkthekids(do)theirhomeworkwhenwegethome.8. They(watch)footballmatchat7oclocktomorrowevening.答案:1.willbetravelling2.willbedriving3.willbeclimbing4.willbetaking5.willfind6.isleaving7.willbedoing8.willbewatchingII完成句子1. 下午五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。Dontphonemebetween5:00p.m.and6:00p.m.Wedinnerthen.2. 克雷格教授明晚作关于伊特鲁里亚陶器的演讲。ProfessorCraigalectureonEtruscanpotterytomorrowevening.3. 我今晚将在办公室里待到很晚。Ilateintheofficethisevening.4. 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?Whatyouthistimetomorrow?5. 今天下午我没空,我要为一个朋友送行。Iwontbefreethisafternoon.Iafriendoff.6. 下个月我会去看你。Iyounextmonth.答案:1.willbehaving2.willbegiving3.willbestaying4.will;bedoing5.willbeseeing6.willbevisiting皿语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Manyyearsago,NormanCousinswasdiagnosedas“1(dead)ill.Hewasgivensixmonths2(live).Hischanceforrecoverywas1in500.Hecouldseetheworry,depressionandangerinhislifecontributed3_,andperhapshelpedcause,hisdisease.Hewondered,“Ifillnesscan4_(cause)bynegativity(消极情绪)，canwellnessbecreatedbypositivity?”Hedecidedtomake5experimentofhimself.Laughterwasoneofthemostpositive6(activity)heknew.HerentedallthefunnymovieshecouldfindKeaton，Chaplin，Fields，theMarxBrothers.Hereadfunnystories.Heaskedhisfriendstocallhim7theysaid,heardordidsomethingfunny.Hispainwassogreatthathecouldnotsleep.8_(laugh)for10solidminutes,hefound,relievedthepainforseveralhourssohecouldsleep.Hefullyrecoveredfromhisillnessandlived920happy,healthyandproductiveyears.Heowedhisrecoverytoimagination,theloveofhisfamilyandfriends,andlaughter.Heoncesaid:“I10(live)thesamehappylifein50years.”答案:1.deadly2.tolive3.to4.becaused5.an6.activities7. whenever/when8.Laughing9.another10.willbelivingBDebbieHartisgoingtoswimacrosstheEnglishChanneltomorrow.She1_(go)tosetoutfromtheFrenchcoastatfiveoclockinthemorning.Debbieisonlyeleven2(year)oldandshehopestosetup3newworldrecord.Sheisastrongswimmerandmanypeoplefeelthatsheissuretosucceed.Debbiesfather4(set)outwithherinasmallboat.MrHart5_(train)hisdaughterforyears.Tomorrowhe6(watch)heranxiouslyassheswimsthelongdistancetoEngland.Debbieintendstotakeshortrestseverytwohours.Shewillhavesomethingtodrink7shewillnoteatanysolidfood.MostofDebbiesschoolfriends8(wait)forherontheEnglishcoast.AmongthemwillbeDebbiesmother,who9(swim)theChannelherselfwhenshewasagirl.ManypeoplebelieveDebbiewill10(real)createawonder.答案:1.isgoing2.years3.a4.willset5.hastrained6.willbewatching7.but8.willbewaiting9.swam10.really