四川省丹棱县2020高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（2）

四川省丹棱县2020高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练【2】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1.The best title for this passage is A tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.Tourism is tiresome.C Conducted tour is dull.D tourism really does something to ones country.2.What is the authors attitude toward tourism?A apprehensive.negative.C critical.D appreciative.3.Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?A silent.noisy.C lively.D active.4.The purpose of the authors criticism is to point outA conducted tour is disappointing.the way of touring should be changed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5.What is grand tour now?A moderate cost.local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the grand tour.Vocabulary1.superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的2.moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的3.grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中， 到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。4.package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、 日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。5.chartered flight 包机航班6.set out to do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim开始做某事， 决心/打算做7.cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容8.conducted tour = guided tour 有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游 9.censor 检查10.wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游11.quarters 住处，营12.paella 西班牙什锦饭13.chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）14.amorous 多情的，色情的15.pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的16.generalization 归纳，概括17.stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起18.trite 陈腐的，老一套的难句译注1.What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp.【结构简析】within sb.s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。2.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。3.They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。4.The modern tourist heads a cosseted sheltered life.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。5.Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者旅行社仔细的检查核准。6.A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.【结构简析】only too + 形容词/分词 = very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。7.At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.【结构简析】at ones worst 在情况最坏的时候。【参考译文】最糟的时候，这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。8.Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous.【结构简析】carried to an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。9.Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.【参考译文】野蛮（乱七八糟）的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视而不见。写作方法与文章大意文章主要采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展，人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游，但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。答案详解1.A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。2.C 批评。3.B 吵吵闹闹的。4.B 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的 特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。5.D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【山东省泰安市2020第一轮质检试题】ANelson Mandela was a figure of international fame，and many details of his life and career were public knowledgeBut here are some things you may not have known about himIn his youth，Mandela enjoyed boxingEven during the 27 years he spent in prison，he would exercise every morning“I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of itBoxing is equalI never did any real fighting after I entered politicsMy main interest was in training，”he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to FreedomAmong the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto，visitors call find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying,gave him an English nameNelsonin accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian namesRolihlahla is not a common name in South AfricaIt means“troublemaker”His circumcision name was Dalibunga，meaning“founder of the Bunga”However,in South Africa,Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族)nameMadibawhich South Africans used out of respectAfter going underground because of his ANC activities，Mr Mandelas ability to evade(躲避)the securities services earned him the nickname“the black Pimpernel”，after the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel，about a hero with a secret identityA fake(伪造的)passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela.He had disguised himself as a driver，a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authoritiesMr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939，failing about half the courseshe tookIn August 1952，he and Oliver Tambo established South Africas first black law firm，Mandela and Tambo，in JohannesburgHe persevered to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 198941Why did Nelson Mandela become a boxing fan?AHe enjoyed the violence of boxing BHe wanted to take the championshipCHe desired to enjoy the training DHe hoped to find a better job42Which of the following is true of Mandelas name?AHis original name was not NelsonBHis parents gave him the nameNelsonCRolihlahla is a popular name in South AfricaDMadiba was his Christian name43What made people call Mr Mandela“the black Pimpernel”?AHis ability to escape from being caughtBHis underground activities in ANCCHis pressure given by the authoritiesDThe novels hero with a secret identity44Mr Mandela made a fake passport to_Atravel around the country Bescape from the authoritiesCdisguise himself as an actor Dgo abroad easily45What can we learn from the last paragraph?AIt took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degreeBMr Mandela set up South Africas first law firmCMr Mandela got his law degree after being released from prisonDMr Mandela was a determined person【参考答案】41-0-45、CAABD【山东省泰安市2020第一轮质检试题】BTraffic problems are an everyday concern in many cities，including Washington，DCA growing number of Washingtonians are turning to bicycles to get to and from workIn fact，the number of commuters who use bicycles has doubled in the city since 2020Ralph Buehler teaches urban planning at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，popularly known as Virginia TechHe has written a book about urban biking，called“City Cycling”He says there is a reason why urban bike tiding is now becoming more popular“Over the last 60 to 70 yearscities in the UShave been adapted to the automobile”“Most cities took advantage of the money coming for the interstate highway system，from the federal government，starting in 1956There was a 90 percent federal match(补贴)so the cities only had to put up 10It was very tempting”In the years after World War Two，many Americans moved to suburban communities，just outside major cities，They decided to travel great distances to and from work in exchange for a home in the suburbsTheir cars became a symbol of freedomBut today，many people believe they can save money by living in the cityGreg Billing is with the Washington Area Bicyclist Association“When a person makes a change from 04 using a car to using a bike，they are saving anywhere between 8 or9，000 a year”Ralph Buehler says governments save money when people use bicycles“Building bicycling facilities is much cheaper than building and maintaining road facilities or public transport”Washington，DC has also taken steps to protect bike ridersIt approved a safe passing law and created areas on the road between cars and bikesThe United States Census Bureau says 4of the citys workers ride to work by bikeThe only city on the East Coast with more bike commuters is New York46Whats the best title of the text?ATraffic problems are an everyday concern in many citiesBBicycling to work in Washington，DC grows in popularityCBikes result in new problems in Washington，DCDWashington，DC has taken steps to protect bike riders47What can we know from Ralph Buehlers statement?AThe federal govemment supported building public transportBGovernment invested a lot to build bicycling facilitiesCCities didnt use the money from the government wiselyDUrban biking has been popular in the last 60 to 70 years48In the years after World War Two，many Americans prefer to_A1ive in the city B1ive in the suburbsCtravel great distances Drent houses49What do Ralph Buehler and Greg Billing agree with?AMoney can be saved when people use bicyclesBLiving in the city is much cheaper than in the countryCGovernment should build more bicycling facilitiesDRoad facilities and public transport develop rapidly now50What can we infer from the text?ATraffic problems are the most severe in Washington，DCB4of Washingtonians ride to work by bike in Washington，DCCWashington，DC concerns about the safety of bike ridersD. Mnre cities on the East Coast have bike commuters【参考答案】4650、BABAC