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Unit 13 Healthy eating考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:1. 重点单词与短语fat; stomach; fever; ripe; ought; examine; plenty; diet; fit; gain; energy; soft; bar; fuel; chemical; balance; tasty; boil; mixture; ought to; plenty of; keep up with; make a right choice; short of; now and then; roll up2. 句型Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life. as =so 表示也怎么样的用法Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. “Only+ 状语”位于句首倒装的用法。The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habitsto develop healthy eating habits 不定式做表语的用法3. 语法：情态动词（）had better，should，ought to 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握 stomach; ripe; examine; plenty; diet; fit; gain; energy; balance; tasty; boil; mixture; ought to; plenty of; keep up with; make a right choice; short of; now and then; roll up等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握as 引导的定语从句的用法；only+状语位于句首倒装的用法；情态动词must/have to/have got to的用法；教材知识归纳 知识归纳1. Ive got a pain here.Pain的用法：(1). 痛,疼痛;痛苦(不可数名次)The death of her son gave her infinite pain.她儿子的去世使她悲痛欲绝。(2)(身体特定部位的)疼痛(可数名次)She has a pain in her stomach.她胃痛。The old man suffers greatly from a pain/pains in the back.背疼使得那个老人很受折磨。(3)辛苦,努力(常用复数形式)No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。With great pains and much patience, I got the information at last.凭着巨大的努力和耐心，我最终得到了那条消息相关归纳：(1)in pain 常坐表语Is your legs constantly in pain?你的腿老疼吗？(2)with pain 常作状语The boy was crying with pain, after he broke his arm.摔伤了胳膊，那个孩子疼得哭了起来。(3)take pains to do sth.Thank you very much for taking pains to show me how to do it.十分感谢您不辞辛劳地教我怎么做那件事。(4)be at pains to do sth.We are at pains to learn English well.我们正在努力学好英语。注意：(1)pain 是可数名词，可以指身体某部位的疼痛，也可指心理上的痛苦。可以用复数形式，也可既不加冠词，也不用复数。作“辛苦，努力”讲时，用复数。(2)ache 一般用作动词，主要指身体某部位的隐疼。用作名词时，出现在复合词中。His head aches badly sometimes. （He has a bad headache sometimes.）有时他头疼的厉害。His stomach begins to ache after drinking some alcohol.= He has a stomachache after drinking alcohol.他一喝酒胃就疼(3) hurt 只能用作动词，及物动词意思是“使受伤害”，可指身心受伤；不及物动词相当于ache。What will you do if someone falls off a bicycle and hurts himself badly?如果有人从自行车上摔下来，伤得很厉害，你会怎么办？What he said hurt me, so I said, “Dont judge a person by what he wears.”他的话使我受到了伤害，因此我告诉他：“别以貌取人”。My leg hurts and my arm hurts, too. 我腿疼，胳膊也疼。2.You ought to be careful with fruit.用作情态动词，没有人称、时态和数的变化，意思是“应该，应当”，表示责任、义务、劝告、推测等，语气比should强，否定式为ought not to或oughtnt to,疑问式为“ought+主语+to do”。(1) 用于第一人称，表示有责任或有必要去做某事，与should相比，语气较弱。We ought to be more careful with our homework.我们应当更加认真地做作业。I really ought to phone my mother.我确实应该给妈妈打个电话。(2) 用于第二、三人称，表示建议或劝告You ought to follow Mr. Wangs advice.你应当听王老师的话。You ought not (oughtnt) to go.你不应当去。(3)表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测，这种推测是可信的。Henry ought to be here soon. He left home at six.亨利应当很快就到,他六点就从家里出来了。Tom ought to be home now.汤姆现在该到家了。(4)后接动词不定式完成式，表示对过去存在的某种可能性的推测，或指过去该做而未做的事情，意思是早应该、本应该。若是否定句，则表示发生了不该发生的事。Im sorry. I ought to have phoned to tell you I was coming.对不起，我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。You ought not to have allowed the child to go alone.你本不应该让孩子一个人去。(5)ought to后可接不定式进行时，表示应该在(立即)，这样用时语气比should严肃。You oughtnt to be talking so much.你不应当说这么多话。They felt they ought to be doing something.他们感到他们应该做点什么事。(6)用来表达客观上难以实现或不能实现的愿望,与虚拟语气相似。I love summer! It ought to be summer all the year.我喜爱夏天，全年都应是夏天。They ought not to make much noise here.他们不应该在这里喧闹。3.If we want to keep up the high pace of modern life, we had better(1)keep up 的用法区别：支撑；维持vi.Do you think the bad weather will keep up?你认为坏天气将持续下去吗？Those houses are so strongly built that they would keep up even in strong earthquakes.那些房子建造得很牢固，能抵御强烈的地震。继续，坚持,使保持在某一高度Keep up your courage and stick to your work, you can succeed in time.鼓起勇气，坚持工作，迟早你会成功的。People in China still keep up the traditional custom of enjoying mooncakes on the mid-autumn festival. 中国人仍保持着中秋节吃月饼的传统习俗。(2)keep up with和-并驾齐驱，和某人保持同等地位Walk slower please. Im afraid I wont keep up with you.请走慢点！我怕赶不上你。Everyone should study now and then or they cant keep up with the latest development in science.每个人都要不断学习，否则就跟不上科技发展的步伐.保持联系Though he is busy, he tries to keep up with his old friends far away.虽然很忙，但他仍然设法与远方的老朋友保持着联系。(3)catch up with 赶上并超过Lets hurry and catch up with the group ahead.我们快点,赶上前面的那一伙人(4)come up with (针对问题等)想出;提供He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.他想出一个推广产品的好方法。He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一个合适的回答。4.Lie down and let me examine you.examine, check, test的用法区别：(1) examine 可指对病人的检查、诊断，也可指对机器的检查。Now, let me examine your chest once more.让我再检查一下你的胸部。The workers examine their machines and equipment carefully before they start to work every day. 每天上班以前，工人们都要仔细检查机器设备。 examine 表示测验、考试，比test正式。The teacher examined the students knowledge in/on the previous lessons.老师测试了学生前几堂课的掌握情况。(2) check 主要指对某物进行核对，以免出错。Will you check your homework yourself first? 你能自己先检查一下作业吗？The department store checks stock every day. 百货商店每天盘点。(3)test作为动词使用的频率并不高，意思是“检测，测试”。多用作名词，表示检测某人的知识或技能，有时也可表示对某物的检查或实验。Youd better have your eyes tested without delay. 你最好马上去检查眼睛。They are testing the newly-made sports car. 他们正在检测新出的赛车。We often have a test on the old lessons before the new ones.上新课之前，我们通常要测验旧课。Those who want to drive an automobile must pass a driving test.想驾驶汽车，必须先通过驾驶技能测试。5. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.我们的饮食习惯已经发生了变化，生活方式也是一 样。在此句型中 as 相当于 so，表示前一种情况也同样适合于后一种。从结构上讲so不是代用词，而是在意义上相当于 too 和 also 的副词，但常常出现在肯定句中。He is a student, so is she.I have made up my mind. So have I.如果是否定的形式，常用 nor 和 neither.I dont like opera. Neither / Nor do I.注意:(1)so l do 和 so do I (用于对上文进一步肯定或确认。意为indeed, certainly)- You have spilled coffee on your dress.你把咖啡洒在你的衣服上了。- Oh dear, so I have.啊呀，我把咖啡洒在我衣服上了。You have spilled coffee on the table, and so have I.你把咖啡洒在桌子上了，我也把咖啡洒在桌子上了。(2)so it is/ was with.句型的用法。如果一句话中既有肯定的意思又有否定的意思; 时态混杂时或主语不一致时，我们常用so it is / was with sb.Mr. Smith came to China five years ago and he is used to living in China now. So it is with his wife.史密斯先生五年前来到中国，他现在习惯了中国的生活，他妻子也是一样。6.Many people today make choice about their eating habits based on what they believe.(1)habit相关归纳：养成习惯 form the habit of doing sth.= get into the habit of doing sth.= fall into the habit of doing sth. =develop the habit of doing sth.使某人染上什么习惯 get sb. into the habit of doing sth.有什么习惯 be in the habit of doing sth.除去，克服习惯 give up the habit of doing sth.= kick the habit of doing sth.= lose the habit of doing sth.He never read these books, for he had long lost the habit of reading.他从不读这些书,因为他早就丢掉了阅读习惯。注意：habit, practice, customhabit指个人的“习惯”，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.这证明是我的失败，因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”，这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fatthe normally accepted practice in many northern countries.在另一方面，一想到用动物油煎马铃薯，你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里，这是为大家接受的通常习惯。She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.她慢慢地走进厅堂，并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯，她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义，此外，custom 还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义Dont be a slave to custom. 不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.一个人从诞生的那一时刻起，他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。(2)base 的用法vt./ n.基,底,基部The machine rests on a wide base of steel.这机器由一个很大的钢制底座支承。基地,总部Our companys base is in Taipei, but we have branches all over the island.我们公司的总部在台北,但是全岛都有分公司。The explorers set up a base at the foot of the mountain.探险者们在山脚下建立了基地。把.建立在某种基础上This play is based on a true story.这出戏以真事为基础。7.We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs to keep fitfit 的用法知识梳理：v. (1)（形状和尺寸）适合，合身I tried the dress on but it didnt fit (me).我试穿了那件衣服，但是不适合我。（2）安装（在某处）They fitted a smoke alarm to the ceiling.他们在屋顶上安装了一个烟雾报警装置。adj.(1)健康的；(2)适合的；合格的相关归纳：(1 )keep fit(2)be fit for 胜任适合(3)be fit to do（4）fit in (with sb/sth)合得来，适应She tried to keep fit by jogging every day.每一天他通过跑步保持健康。He is more fit for the job than I. (注意：fit的比较级要在前加more)他比我更胜任这件工作。This kind of food is fit to eat. (注意：该句要采用主动表被动)这种食物适合吃。Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?这些计划与你的安排一致吗？He has never done this kind of work before ; I am not sure how he will fit in (with the other people).他以前从没做过这种工作，我不确信他是是否能和别人很好的相处。8. The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habitsto develop healthy eating habits不定式做表语的用法不定式做表语时，主语通常是一个名词、不定式短语或者从句。不定式做表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。Your present task is to learn English well.你目前的任务是把英语学好。What he wanted was to get the job done as quickly as possible.他期望的是工作尽可能快的完成。注意：如果主语是all或是what引导的从句，主语受first, only, one, least或形容词最高级修饰, 且后面的从句或短语中有实意动词do时，作表语的不定式to可以省去也可以带上。但在其他情况下，to不能省略。The only thing I can do was keep silent.我能做的唯一事情是保持沉默。What he wants to do is complete the whole task as soon as possible.他想做的是尽可能快的完成整个任务。All he does is study hard.他做的一切事情是努力学习。All I wanted was to help him.我想做的事去帮助他。概念提示重点/热点1：Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有用这种方法我们才能准备迎接生活中的机遇和挑战。“Only + 状语 + 谓语 + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分 + 其它”是一个典型的倒装句形式。其中的状语可以是副词，介词词组和状语从句。这种倒装句属于部分倒装，只将情态动词、助动词和系动词放在主语的前面，谓语动词的其他部分放在主语之后。Only then did I realize the importance of English.只有在那时我才认识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有用这种方法你才能在英语方面取得进步。Only when you are 16, are you able to drive yourself.只有你16岁的时候你才可以自己开车。注意：在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.only修饰宾语，也不倒装，但是可以强调宾语而把宾语提前。“only + 状语”位于强调句型中时也不倒装。Only teachers can use this computer.只有老师能使用这台电脑。Only five of them the police saved from the burning house.警察只从着火的房子中就出了他们中的五个人。It is only when you are 16 that you are able to drive yourself.只有你16岁的时候你才可以自己开车。易混易错点1：情态动词had better，should，ought to的用法：had better，should，ought to 均为提建议型情态动词，常用来劝告别人去做某事，没有人称和数的变化，学习时应注意下列几点：(1)掌握基本用法had better，should，ought to 含义及语气有所不同，请看下表：(2)掌握创新用法should 可表竟然，强调惊讶的情绪。I cant imagine this problem should be so easy.我想像不出这个问题竟然这么容易。had better 也可改为 had best ，其意义和用法不变。Im busy now，so you had best go there alone.我现在很忙，所以你最好单独去那儿。(3)掌握句型变换方法had better，should，ought to 均属于助动词，其疑问句、否定句及反意疑问句的构成均在自身形式上做变化。 变成否定句方法had better do 否定式为 had better not do，should do 否定式为 should not do 或 shouldnt do，ought to do 否定式为 ought not to do 或 oughtnt to do .变成一般疑问句方法had better，should，ought to 构成一般疑问句时应分别将 had，should，ought 提到句首，其肯定与否定回答为 had / hadnt，should / shouldnt，ought / oughtnt . 变成反意疑问句方法had better，should，ought to 构成反意疑问句时通常使用 had / hadnt，should / shouldnt，ought / oughtnt 形式。She had better water the flowers as soon as possible，hadnt she？她最好尽快给花浇水，不是吗？All of us should take an active part in this activity，shouldnt we？我们都应该积极参加这次活动，不是吗？They oughtnt to go fishing in this river，ought / should they？他们不该在这条河里钓鱼，是吗？(4)掌握完成式用法should 与 ought to 完成式意义和用法相同，可以通用。should / ought to have done sth. 本来应该做某事但实际未做，表达一种遗憾的感情色彩。shouldnt / oughtnt to have done sth. 本来不应该做某事但实际已做了，也表达一种遗憾的感情色彩。 had better 没有完成式。The meeting has already begun. You should have come here half an hour ago.会议已经开始了，你本来应该半小时之前就到这儿。She is very sad now. You oughtnt to have told her the news.她现在很难过，你本不该把这消息告诉她。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. At that time, he spent as much time as he can _ the ancient status which would be sank in the river.A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. painted变式1. We will do everything we could _ the endangered animals.A. to protect B. protect C. protected D. protecting解析：1.spend as much time/money as one can doing sth. “花尽可能多的时间或金钱来做某事。”答案：C变式1. do everything one could to do “尽力去做某事”答案：A2. This kind of food is fit _ , and it is _.A. to eat; tasted B. for eating ; tastyC .to eat ; tasty D. to be eaten; tasting变式1. He managed to keep by getting up earlier.A. fit B. suitable C. suited D. heath变式2. Lets go for a swim and will Friday _ you?A. fit B. suit C. suited D. suited解析：2. sth. be fit 后接不定式时要用主动表示被动，第二空用tasty来做表语。答案：C。变式1. keep fit “保持健康”fit为形容词在keep的表语。答案：A变式2. 考查suit和fit 的区别,suit可以指合某人的心意，对某人来说方便。答案：B3. You must double your efforts to _ others and cant expect to take short-cuts in the learning of English.A. keep up with B. keep up C. catch up with D. keep you up变式1. I hope this kind of weather _ .A. keep up with B. keep up C. catch up with D. keep you up变式2 When we feel down we tried to _ our spirits .A. keep up B. keep down C. catch up withD. keep on解析：3. 表示“赶上某人”，用catch up with。 答案:C变式1. keep up 可以做不及物动词意为继续。答案:C变式2. 考查做及物动词的使某事物保持在某一高度不降低，如:keep spirits/friendship.答案：A4. -Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?-Oh, really? I havent _ my mailbox yet.A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked变式1. I cant see the words on the blackboard so I will have my eyes_.A. examined B. inspected C. tested D. checked变式2. I cant see the words on the blackboard so I will have my eyesight_.A. examined B. inspected C. tested D. checked变式3. The long race can _ a persons endurance .A. examined B. inspected C. tested D. checked解析：4. check在这儿的意思是make sure, find out or not，查实，核对。答案 D变式1. examine 可指对病人的各个身体器官的检查、诊断，也可指对机器的检查。答案 A变式2. test检测某人的知识或技能，有时也可表示对某物的检查或实验。答案:C变式3. test能用来指衡量，检验的意思。答案：C5. We are supposed _ our daughters wedding.A. to dress in B. dressed up C. to dress up for D. be well dressed at变式1.Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday?A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on变式2. The girl _ red jacket is very pretty. Which of the following is wrong?A. dressing B. in C. having on D .wearing解析：5. be supposed to意思是“理应，应该”。dress up for 表示“为-而盛装打扮”答案 C变式1.try on 试穿；pull on 匆匆忙忙穿上；put on 强调动作；have on 强调状态。答案：C变式2. B、C、D三个选项均能做定语并且表示状态， A的准确表达应为“dressed in”答案：A6. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt变式1. -Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _ her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told解析：6. shouldnt/ought not to 可表示预测、可能，本句意思为“既然你已经在驾校练得不少了，通过路考应该是没问题的”。答案 C变式1. 表示本该做而没做用should/ought to have done。答案 D课后题：I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realized D. did I realize2. Isnt that Anns husband over there?No, it _ be him, Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3. At the end of every class, a few minutes are left for answering the questions any student _.A. rises B. raised C. comes up D. comes up with4. Call me any time that _ you.A. fits B. satisfies C. suits D. meets5. .It sounded _ a train running under my house.A. like B. as if C. as D. as though解析：1. 本题考查倒装句型。当only引导的状语位于句首时需要使用主谓倒装语序。时间状语only then表明此处使用一般过去时态。答案：D2. 本题考查情态动词的用法。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，“我对此非常有把握”，所以“绝对不可能是他”。情态动词must不能用于否定的推测，此时应该使用cant。答案：A。3. any student comes up with 是定语从句，修饰questions,先行词在从句中做宾语，因此选择及物的come up with, 并用一般现在时。答案：D4. fit 大小、尺寸合适；satisfy 不符和题意；suit既可以指颜色、款式合适，也可以指情况、时间等合适；meet不符和题意。答案：C5. as if/as though作“似乎，好象”讲引起从句，本句中为系表结构，sound like + n。答案：A课后练习题A组：1.Julie is one of the women who always the latest fashions.A. make up forB. get along withC. keep up withD. put up with2.There are so many books on sale. I really dont know .A. which to chooseB. which to choose fromC. to choose whatD. to chose which3.Why ask the teacher to explain the problem?I think to work it out by our-selves.A .not；betterB. dont we；it betterC. do you not；us betterD .dont you；wed better4.His great height fitted him team games.A. toB. forC .withD. by5.My watch five minutes a day, so I have to set it back.A. gainsB. winsC. getsD. loses6.It wont you to change the plan now, You know, it is not practical.A. woundB. painC .hurtD. get hurt7.Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds be pretty cold.A. mustB. ought toC. canD. need8.- _ David and Vicky _ married?- For about three year.A. How long were; being B. How long have; gotC. How long have; been D. How long did; get9. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reached10、What should I wear to attend his wedding party?Dress _ you like.A、whatB、howeverC、whateverD、how答案：1.keep up with the latest fashions“时尚，合乎潮流”。2.句意可知“有很多书可供选择，但不知选哪一个。3.就第一空来说，选、都正确，但就第二空来说，it为形式主语，better是宾语补足语，后面的不定式短语才是真正的宾语。4.sth fits sb for sth/to do sth某事使某人适合某事适合干某事。句意为：“他身材高大，适合参加球队比赛”。5.根据句中set it back“调回”，可知表走快了，所以选gain。gain time表示（钟表）时间走得快，反义词词组为lose time。6.It wont hurt sb to do sth干某事对某人没有害处。句意为“现在改变计划对你没什么害处，你也知道，这个计划是不可行的”。7.must必须，一定；ought to应当，应该；can会，有时会；need需要。句意为：“我们的房子在山顶上，所以在冬天风有时候会很冷”。can在此表示“有时候会”，而ought to仅表示“应当，应该”。8.C 本题考查1. 延续性动词的用法。2. 动词短语 be married，get married 的区别。根据回答For about three years. 可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了，须用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；再排除B项，get married当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，不能用How long来提问。Be married 表示延续的状态。9.A 选A句型“祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”中，陈述句部分的时态用一般将来时。10. B 本题however you like相当于in whatever way you like，根据语境，不难判断出B为正确答案。单词拼写：1.The cow has four_(胃), as is known to us all.2. He got off the bus to have the tyre _(检查).3. He is always full of _(精力) and working into the night.4. Fish is full of _(营养),which is benefit to us.5. We should keep healthy _ (平衡的)diets to keep fit.6. Do you _ (消化)what the teacher said in the class?7. He only took a (一勺) of food for his breakfast.8. The food he prepared is _(美味可口的)9. The refrigerator is not _(发挥作用) well.10. She suddenly started to feel very _(困的).答案：1. stomachs 2. examined 3, energy 4. nutrition 5. balanced6. digest 7. spoonful 8. tasty 9. functioning 10. sleepyB组：一、 汉译英1. 由于困倦，他早早地就寝了。2. 采用新外交政策的时机已成熟。3. 他们走得那么快,我没法跟上。4. 这沙发在夜里可以当床。5. 为了平衡贸易,他们将不得不减少在美国购货。6.他们的误解令我非常伤心。7. 你本该昨天把报告交上来。8. 如果想保持现在的生活水平，你就得挣更多的钱。9. 她在赶时装潮流方面倾注了大量的精力。10. 在四个月时间内，300百多万人受到了检查。答案：1. Being sleepy, he went to bed early.2. The time is ripe for a new foreign policy.3. They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.4. The sofa functions as a bed at night.5. In order to balance their trade, they would have to buy less goods in the United States.6. Their misunderstanding criticisms have hurt me deeply.7. You ought to have handed in your report yesterday.8. If you want to keep up the present living standards, you will have to earn more money.9. Shes paid much attention to keeping up with the latest fashion in clothes.10. During a four-month period, more than three million people were examined.改错1. This factory keeps up with its good credit, so its products sell v
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