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Unit 12 Art and literature考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语treat; literature; comedy; local; exhibition; power; magic; series; forehead; miserable; habit; whisper; stupid; announcement；in trouble; come across; believe in; turn around; make friends with句型He was just about to say something when Peter turned around. when 的用法The next time you look for a tape, dont just look for Chinese or American music. 名词引导时间状语从句It looked as if the creature had moved. as if 的用法语法：定语从句（who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where, why） 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握treat; local; exhibition; power; magic; series; forehead; miserable; habit; whisper; stupid; announcement；in trouble; come across; believe in; turn around; make friends with等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握名词引导时间状语从句的用法； as if 的用法; 定语从句的引导词之间的区别等。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. His parents are dead and he lives with a family that treats him badly.treat的用法：知识梳理：动词的主要义项有：（3） 以态度对待；以方式对待；They treated me as one of the family, which was very kind of them.他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。My parents still treat me like a child.我的父母依旧把我当小孩一样看待。（2）医疗；医治；治疗。He is seriously ill, and is being treated in hospital now.他病得很重，现正在医院接受治疗。She was treated for sunstroke(中暑).她因为中暑而被治疗。（3）招待；款待；请（客）；买（可享受的东西）。treat sb./oneself to sth.She treated him to lunch.她请他吃午饭。Im going to treat myself to a cup of beer.我要请自己喝一杯啤酒名词义项有：乐趣；乐事；款待。When I was young, chocolate was a treat.当我年轻的时候吃巧克力是一件快乐的事。Lets go out for lunch my treat.走我们去吃饭吧，今天我请客。相关归纳：以下短语都表示“把A 当作B”treat A as B ；consider A as B; look on/upon A as B; think of A as B; take A as B;regard A as B; view A as BHe viewed your hitting his dog as your attack its owner.他把你打他的狗看作是对主人的攻击。2. Two people may speak different languages, have different habits,habit的用法：相关归纳：（1）be in the habit of =have the/a habit of有的习惯（或脾气）Im not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment.我没有让陌生人进入我的房间的习惯。（2）get into/fall into/develop/pick up the habit of养成的习惯Ive got into the habit of turning on TV as soon as I get home.我已经养成了一到家就看电视的习惯。（3）break/get out of the habit of戒除的习惯Im trying to break the habit of staying up too late.我正试着戒除熬夜的习惯。(4) give up / kick the habit of戒除的习惯He has kicked the habit of smoking,他已经戒除了吸烟的习惯。(5)do sth. out of habit/from habitI smoke only out of habit.我吸烟只是出于一种习惯。(6)make a habit of itYou can borrow some money this time, but dont make it a habit of it.这一次你可以借些钱，但下不为例。3. Harry comes across at Hogwarts help him understand the real world.come across相关归纳:（1）+sb./sth.（偶然）遇见，碰到，发现I came across children sleeping under bridge.我偶然碰见了睡在桥下的那些孩子。（2）被理解，被弄懂，给人以印象，使产生印象He spoke a long time but his meaning didnt really come across.他讲了很长一段时间，但是他的意思没有真正的被理解。She comes across well in interviews.在采访中她给人留下了深刻影响。注意：come across 当（偶然）遇见，碰到时等于run across = run into = meet sb./sth. by chance = meet with4. Harry offers to help the poor.offer的用法：知识梳理：(4) offer sb. sth / sth. to sb 向某人提供提出He offered me a glass of wine.他端给我一杯酒。(2)offer (sb) some money for sth (向某人)出价购买We offered him the calculator for US$50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。(3) offer to do sth 主动提出干某事He offered to lend me some books.他表示要借给我几本书。(4) 提供,提议Thank you for your kind offer of help.感谢你想给予帮助的好意。He made an offer of help, but I refused politely.他提议要帮助我但是我谢绝了。5. The play will be on the air.on the air/in the air/by air/in the open air的用法区别:(1)on the air表示(用无线电、电视)播送节目。Whats on the air this evening?今晚的广播内容是什么？These programs come on the air everyday.这些节目每天广播。其反义词为go off the air“停止广播”。This radio station goes off the air at midnight.这家广播电台于午夜停止广播。(2)in the air表示“在空中、在流传中、（问题，计划等）悬而未决（未确定的）”。Before the matter was publicly announced, it had long been in the air.这件事在公诸于世之前早就传得满城风雨了。The plan is quite in the air.这个计划还很渺茫。(3)by air 表示“乘飞机、由航空”。He went to Shanghai by air.他乘飞机去上海.(4)in the open air 表示“在户外、在露天里”。People love life in the open air.人们喜欢露天生活。6. His friends help him when he is in trouble.in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble.一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人们。相关归纳：（1）be a great trouble to 对来说很麻烦The naughty boy is a great trouble to his busy parents.那个淘气的小男孩对他的父母来说是一个大麻烦。（2）ask for trouble 自找麻烦Dont ask for trouble.别自找麻烦。（3）have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事困难They dad trouble in finding the answer to the problem.他们在找到问题的答案上费了很大的困难。（4）get into trouble 陷入困境What he said in the meeting got him into trouble.他在会议上说的话使他陷入了麻烦。（5）make trouble 制造麻烦My little brother often makes trouble in my study.我的小弟第常在我的书房捣乱。（6）take trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事Thank you for the great trouble you have taken to help me with my English.谢谢你不辞辛劳的帮助我学习英语。（7）put sb. to trouble 给某人添麻烦I am very sorry to have put you to trouble.非常抱歉给你添了那么多烦恼。（8）put sb. to the trouble of doing 麻烦某人做某事Can I put you to the trouble of change such a large note?麻烦你给我调换一张大的纸币。7. You must believe in what you do and who you arebelieve 的用法总结：(1)believe in的用法：信仰Christians believe in Jesus.基督徒信仰耶稣。信任=trust ab.We believe in him.= We trust him.我们信任他。相信.的效用Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处。He believes in getting up early.他相信早起床的价值。(2)Its believed that 从句It is believed that he will win the first prize in the contest.人们相信他会在竞赛中获得一等奖的。(3)believe it or not 信不信由你Believe it or not, there will be a film tonight.信不信由你,今晚将有一场电影。(4)beyond beliefWhat he said is beyond belief.他说的话难以置信。8. “Did you hear that?” he whispered.whisper 的用法：(1)vi.低语,耳语;私语She is whispering to him.她正对他窃窃私语。 (风,树叶等)飒飒地响The wind was whispering in the trees.风在树林中飒飒作响。(2) vt.低声说出;私下告诉She is coming, he whispered.她来了,他低声地说。n.(可数名词) 耳语,私语They debated it in whispers.他们低声辩论。9. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around.be about to do sth. when 从句表示“正要做某事的时候什么事情发生了”=be on the point of doing sth. when 从句We were about to set out when it began to rain.=We were on the point of setting when it began to rain.我们正要出发这时天下雨了。10. It was as if the creature was watching them.as if/though 从句的作用(1) 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。She looks as if she were ten years younger她看起来好像年轻了十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win看来我们队要胜了。(2) 引导方式状语从句。She loves the boy as if she were his mother她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。(3) as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。He acts as if （he was） a fool他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hands as if （he was going） to say something汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if （she was）angry她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。(4.)as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。You look as if you didn t care你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。He opened his mouth as if he would say something他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow 看来好像要下雪了。(4) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。： It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。概念提示重点/热点1：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越，就越第一个the + 比较级相当于条件状语从句要用现在时表示将来时；第二个the + 比较级相当于主句。 The busier he is ,the happier he feels。越忙他越高兴。The harder you work, the greater progress youll make.你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。 The more happily we live ,the more we realize how much we owe to the Party。我们过得越幸福，就会更加认识到共产党的恩情。The more I hear, the more I laugh.越听我笑得越厉害。重点/热点2：be +of + n.的用法（1）of + n.（抽象句词）相当于该名词相应的形容词，在句中可用作表语，补语或在名词后做定语，能用于该句型的名词help/use/ value/ importance/humor/determination等其对应的形容词分别为：helpful/ useful/ valuable/ important/humorous/determined . This book is of great use/ very useful.这本书很有用。His advice is of great value/ very valuable.他的建议很有价值。English is of great importance/ very important to us.英语对我们来说很重要。He is a man of great determination and we all admire him.（2）be +of +a +n.用来表示相同或相似 They are of a height. 他们身高一样。The flowers are of a color .这些花颜色一样。（3）be +of +the same + n.也用来表示相同或相似 They are of the same height. 他们身高一样。The flowers are of the same color .这些花颜色一样。易混易错点1：If only they could find a way to get to the room, or whatever it was, behind the wall.他们要是能够找到一条通道进入墙壁后面的那个房间，或无论什么地方，该有多好!If only 与only if(1)if only 要是怎么样就好了，后接句子必须要虚拟语气:had done sth 指过去的情况If only you hadnt told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.要是你没把我的话告诉杰克就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。 did sth 指现在的情况If only I were a bird要是我是一只小鸟就好了。 would/could do sth指将来的情况If only I would go to Beijing next year.(2)only if 只有后接句子，位于句首时主句必须倒装。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _ to her while facing her friends and relations.A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened变式：1. He lay down in the tent as if _.A. to have a sleep B. having a sleep C. slept D. sleeping变式2. The sky is crowded with clouds. It looks as if it _.A. were to rain B. were raining C. will rain D. is going to rain解析：1.在as if ，as though 引导的方式状语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had +过去分词。答案：D变式1. 该句意思是“他在帐篷里躺下来好像是为了去睡一觉”应该用不定式。答案：A变式2. 该题语境表明天空乌云密布，的确有可能下雨，所以就不能用虚拟语气，而应该用真实语气。有迹象表明某事即将发生时要用be going to 所以答案为：D2. Do you have any information on your son?No. If only I _ him.A. hadnt punished B. havent punished C. didnt punish D. wouldnt punish变式 1. Only if you work harder, _ succeed.A. will you B. you will C. do you D. you do解析：3.Bill is always a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind变式1.As everybody knows,heat is a form _.A. energy B. force C. power D. mind解析：3. build up ones strength 为固定短语“增强体力”。答案：C变式1.4. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A. while B. after C. in caseD. the minute变式1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A. immediately B. distantly C. minutelyD. quickly解析：1 the minute为名词引导时间状语从句表示一就。答案：D变式1. immediately为副词性连词引导时间状语从句表示一就。答案：A5. I was on the point of giving up _ the police arrived.A. while B. when C. as D. then变式1. -The vase cost me almost 100 yuan.-Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money _ you could buy a muchcheaper one.A. while B. if C. because D. when变式2. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true_ it comes to classroom testsAbefore Bsince Cwhen Dafter解析：5.考查“be on the point of doing sth. +when 从句”这一知识点。答案：B变式1.when引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要不能位于句首。答案：D变式2. 考查“when it comes to ”当提到什么”这一句型。答案;C6._ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.A. WhileB. SinceC. AsD. If变式1. It was foolish of you to take a taxi _ the station is so near to us.A. WhileB. sinceC. asD. when变式2._ we have no money on us , we could not eat in the restaurantA. WhileB. SinceC. AsD. If解析：6.全句意思为：虽然模特行业不容易进入，但优秀的模特总是哪里都需要。While 引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要位于句首。答案：A变式1.when引导让步状语从句时这中句型时要不能位于句首。答案：D变式2.since 引导状语从句时这中句型时要位于句首，前后两句话是因果关系，可以等于now (that) 答案：B课后题：1. He owes me five pounds but I doubt if hell ever _ with it.A. come up B. come along C. come in D. come across2. .Is it a fact that everyone in your town _ God?A. believes B. believe in C. believes in D. believe3. .Bob said he was going to _ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired.A. press B. add C. touch D. treat4. .Ill never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built解析：1. come across (with sth.) “给或交给（钱、资料等）”答案：D2. that引导的是fact的同位语从句，believe in “信仰，信奉”。答案：B3. treat-to- “款待” 答案：D4. when是关系副词，在第一个定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，代整个主句。答案：B5. 根据题意可知，新的电影院正在建设之中。答案：D课后练习题A组：1.They carried out experiments to test the new drug.A. a series ofB. a list ofC. a large amount ofD. a great many of2.She was an excellent athlete. ,that 21-year-old girl won three Olympic medals in track events.A. Whether believe or notB. Believing it or notC. To believe or notD. Believe it or not3. he hadnt finished his work, otherwise he wouldnt be still working ther-e.A. It seems thatB. It looks thatC. It seems as ifD. He seems as if4. Jane and Robert had enough sense of humour!A. What ifB. Even ifC. If onlyD. Only if5.He was about to frighten her when she .A. turned aroundB. turned overC. turned in D. turned on6.It is reported that the police have been given special to deal with this state of affairs.A. strengthB. energyC .forceD. powers7.The collection is at the British Museum.A .on the showB. in showC. on the exhibitionD. on exhibition8.Over the past few years, the farmers have had a of good harvests which have helped to improve their living standards.A. collectionB. setC. seriesD. pile9.The boy burns at the hospital.A. treated of B. treated asC. was treated forD. was treated as10.Only if the red light comes on any danger to employees.A. there isB. there wasC. is thereD. was there答案：1.a series of指“很多的，一系列的”，项只接不可数名词，与项表达有误。2.Dbelieve it or not在句中作插入语，“信不信由你”。其他三项皆为错误表达形式。3.因题目中用了虚拟语气，所以、不能，项为错误用法，即seem后接从句时，只能用it作主语。4.If only常用来指愿望，表示“要是多好啊！”5.turn around指“转过身来”。6.句意：据报道警察已获得处理这一事务的特殊权力。strength“力量；力气；人力”；energy“能量；能源”；force“力；强制力；暴力”。7.句意为“那批收藏品目前在大英博物馆展出。”on exhibition等于on show。8.series一系列的。9.C句意为“那个男孩因烧伤在医院接受治疗。”treat sb for sth治疗某人某病。答案为。又如：The doctor treated her for earache.医生给她治疗耳痛。注意：cure sb of a disease治愈某人的病。10.Conly if“只有”，常用在句首，主句要用倒装句，根据从句的时态可知选。单词拼写：1. We went to an （展出） of Chinese paintings at the museum.2 Then began a （连续）of wet days that spoiled our vacation.3. His（前额）feels very hot, he must be ill.4. Too much work has been placed on his （肩膀）.5. We were eager to hear the （宣布） of the winner of the race.6. She is coming, he （低声说）.7. They are the two main （角色）in the play.8. He never read these books, for he had long lost the （习惯）of reading.9. He is going to perform （魔术） at the party.10. _（当地的）conditions must be taken into account in mapping out the plan.答案: 1 exhibition 2. series 3 4. shoulders announcement6. whispered 7. characters 8. habit 9. magic 10. LocalB组：一、 汉译英1.她请他吃午饭。2.我习惯了一回家就打开电视。3.我与简毫无共同之处。4.我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。5.你过去常见到她，是吗？6.虽然我理解你的观点，但我并不同意你的意见。7.他们俩并不都是学生。8.到目前为止我们已经学会了5000个汉字。答案:1.She treated him to lunch.2.Ive got into the habit of turning on TV as soon as I get home.3.Jane and I have nothing in common./I have nothing in common with Jane.4.I came across children sleeping under bridge.5.You used to see a lot of her, didnt you?6.While I understand your opinion, I dont agree with you.7. Not both of them are students.=Both of them are not students.8. We have learned 5000 characters so far.改错题：1. If only we took Mr. Wangs advice, we wouldnt be in trouble now.2. I was about to go out while it began to rain.3. Because of poor management, the company is in the trouble.4. He turned up all at once like magically.5. There are many exhibitions on show.6. They have gotten into the habit of reading books for many years.7. They are good friends but they have different habit.8. You can have your poem broadcast on radio.答案：1. took 改为 had taken 2. while 改为when 3. the去掉4. magically 改为magic 5. exhibitions 改为 exhibits6. gotten into改为 in 7. habit. 改为 Habits 8. on 后加the
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