优化方案（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型专题突破 二 阅读理解 第三讲 推理判断题强化训练

推理判断题推理判断题(一)A(2020江西重点中学盟校第一次联考)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2020，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2020，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2020 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2020 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesnt matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.Whats more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。1What is the major function of Paragraph 1?ATo arouse the readers concern.BTo introduce the theme of the whole passage.CTo summarize the whole passage.DTo state how climate changes.解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。2What is the authors purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ATo show major changes are taking place on the planet.BTo remind people to prevent future earthquakes.CTo show the damage earthquakes caused.DTo tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选A项。3Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes effects?AAnimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.BIt could lead to the spread of diseases.CCurrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.DNatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D项正确。故选C项。4What can be inferred from the passage?AAnimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly.BTheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.CThe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.DThe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。B(2020河南豫北、豫东十所名校联考)Choose your wish listIts normal for any students college wish list to change throughout high school.But when it comes time to apply，many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices.Theres no hard and fast answer，but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the decision easier.Here are three pieces of advice that might help.Do your researchAbove all，its important to figure out your wants and needs.What do you expect from your education？What are you willing to give up?Veronica Hauad，senior associate director of admissions(录取)at the University of Chicago in the US，said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions.“Find the thing thats most important to you，and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，”Hauad said.Dont focus on rankingsIts easy to focus too hard on school rankings，but dont let that make your decision for you when youre looking at colleges.In the long run，rankings probably wont have a big effect on your education.Its OK to look at rankings，but dont obsess(过于执着)over them.Find colleges that really interest you.If they end up being on a top list，think of it as an extra pleasure.Think about your futureHeres an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list：How many of your students find jobs after graduation？An Ivy League school may look good on an application，but what will the college do to help you find a job?Students should also make sure theyre going to college for the right reasons.University of Illinois sophomore(二年级学生) Steve Wang said he has met students who arent looking at the bigger picture.“I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experiencenot for a higher education.” Wang explained.“So people show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork.Thats not really what college is for.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者向那些准备申请大学的高中生提供了三个建议：一是做好相关调查；二是不要太执着于大学的排名；三是考虑自己的未来。5What does the underlined part “figure out” probably mean?ALet out.BLook out.CMake out. DCheck out.解析：选C。词义猜测题。画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思考的问题，根据逻辑关系可知，Veronica Hauad认为学生应该花些时间弄清楚那些问题，由此可推知，figure out的意思应为“弄清楚”，make out的意思也为“弄清楚”。故答案选C。let out意为“使出来，使(火)熄灭”；look out意为“小心，注意”；check out意为“结账离开”，均不符合文意。6When you apply to a college，you should _Afind out what you really wantBchoose the best known collegeCconsider the things you can doDquit a chance for further study解析：选A。推理判断题。根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三个建议的内容，尤其是第三段第一句“Above all，its important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知，高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调查，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太执着于大学的排名，要为自己的将来考虑，选那些能真正吸引自己的大学。A项符合题意。故答案选A。7Steve Wang spends his main time on _Ataking photos BschoolworkCparties Dkilling time解析：选B。推理判断题。在最后一段中，Steve Wang认为很多学生来到大学，只是为了有上大学的经历，而不是为了接受更高的教育，持有这种想法的学生会经常参加聚会而不把主要精力放在学业上。由Steve Wang的话可推知，他不赞同这种做法，故他的时间应该主要是花在学业上的。故答案选B。8What is the text mainly for?AResearchers. BEducators.CApplicants. DSophomore.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两段内容可知，这篇文章是给那些即将高中毕业、准备申请大学的学生提供的一些建议。故答案选C。CThe other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.She was very welldressed，carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied makeup indeed，she had an unmistakable air of wealth，material success and even authority.I suspected she worked as a highlypaid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort.So，I was curious to see what she was so focused on.The Wall Street Journal perhaps？The Economist?Quite the contrary；rather，she was concentrating on a romance novel.Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novelssmart，attractive，successful，“liberated”，modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyperromantic，artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome，manly heroes falling in love with virginal women，enduring a series of adventures，then no doubt having a happy ending.These_romance_stories_are_to_literature_what_hot_dogs_are_to_fine_food.Yet，the genre(体裁) remains enormously popular.Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America(RWA)：*More than 9，000 romance titles were released last year，with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction)*More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay，thats not at all surprising)*Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure)*Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50，000 and $99，900 (placing them firmly in the middle class)I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market，so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity.But I must wonder why so many womenforty years after the womens liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales?Im not sure if it represents a kind of “rejection” of the womens liberation movement，but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies.A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way：“Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy.When a lady entered the room，gentlemen stood，doffed their hats，offered an arm，bowed，and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.But they were also very athletic；they hunted，raced，boxed，rode horses.They were manly.Strong.Noble.Honorable.And that is why I love them！”Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peersthat is，in the early 21st century，have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms” they have gained give them？Is this a rejection of modern feminism？Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions?Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious，_【解题导语】落难少女情结：现代女性喜爱阅读言情小说的背后。9. What is the function of the opening paragraph?ATo summarize the whole passage.BTo prove the authors argument.CTo lead in the main topic of the passage.DTo raise problems that will be solved later.解析：选C。推理判断题。本文第一段讲述的是作者在地铁上的一次偶遇，由此引出下文对“现代女性喜爱阅读言情小说的背后”的深思。即第一段为引子，引出文章的话题。故该题正确答案为C项。10What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?ARomance novels are satisfying and thrilling.BRomance novels are not of much “nutrition”CRomance novels are as popular as hot dogs.DRomance novels are an essential part of contemporary life.解析：选B。句意推测题。因为“A is to B what C is to D”：A之于B就像C对于D一样。故该句句意应为：言情小说对于文学而言就像热狗对于好的食物一样。且根据有转折意义的下句：但是言情小说却非常流行。可知，该句应是用贬义词来描述言情小说，说其没有营养，故该题正确答案为B项。11In the authors opinion，what is missing in the lives of contemporary women?AAuthority. BDignity.CLiberty. DCare.解析：选D。推理判断题。A.Authority.威信；B.Dignity.尊严；C.Liberty.自由；D.Care.关爱；根据文章倒数第三段可推知，作者认为在当代女性生活中逐渐消失的是D.Care.关爱。12Which sentence can be put in the blank in the last paragraph?Athey prefer tales of innocent romance to classicsBthey are unhappy with how the world has turned outCtrue love described in romance novels does exist in realityDromance novels provide them with an access to society解析：选B。推理判断题。该题重在寻找关联词和关键词。该句中的连词but及选项B中的unhappy是该题的关键点。故该题正确答案为B项。推理判断题(二)A(2020合肥第二次质量检测)Severely disabled people may soon be able to use their noses to write，drive a wheelchair or surf the Internet，thanks to a device(装置) developed by doctors in Israel.The device will be used by breathing in and out through the nose，according to a study.Healthy people who tested the device quickly learned to play computer games and write sentences by sniffing.Encouraged by the results，the researchers decided to test their device on people who are paralyzed(瘫痪) but whose intelligence remains normal.Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.With their success in helping severely disabled people to communicate，the researchers decided to make use of the new technology to design an electric wheelchair to be driven by sniffs.Ten healthy people easily mastered sniffdriving a wheelchair through a maze(迷宫)，and a 30yearold man who had been paralyzed from the neck down for six years was as good a sniffdriver as the healthy participants at his second attempt.In other words，a paralyzed person could use the sniff controller to drive an electric wheelchair.At the moment，sniffcontrolled technology is still in the stage of development，and the Weizmann Institute has already applied for a patent on the device.“Ill be very happy if it can help us to make money，but the real problem is that I hope someone will develop it，because this would help a lot of people，”said Sobel，one of the lead researchers of the study.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了以色列医生的一项发明。利用鼻吸，一些残疾人可以使用这项发明完成许多事情，但这项发明还需要进一步地开发。1Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo introduce a new invention.BTo equip the disabled with life skills.CTo show the noses special functions.DTo instruct doctors to apply for a patent.解析：选A。写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了以色列医生发明的可以帮助残疾人的一项装置。故选A项。2In the test，the paralyzed people with normal intelligence can use their noses to _Atype long sentences quicklyBplay computer games easilyCenter a website without much difficultyDcommunicate with others successfully解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.”可知，瘫痪的人可以利用这种装置打开网页。故选C项。3With the help of the sniffing device，a 30yearold disabled man _Aspent six years learning how to drive a wheelchairBfailed to drive through the maze at his first attemptCtook the wheelchair controlled by healthy participantsDmanaged to drive an electric wheelchair by sniffing解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，一位30岁的残疾人可以通过鼻吸驾驶电动轮椅。故选D项。4From the last paragraph，we can infer that the sniffcontrolled technology _Awill be applied to other fields of researchBneeds further developing to serve more peopleChas become an important patented inventionDshows the wisdom and talents of Israel doctors解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“At the moment，sniffcontrolled technology is still in the stage of development”可知，这项技术仍需进一步开发。故答案选B。B(2020河南毕业班适应性模拟练习)A Missouri mom was left stunned after her newborn baby girl was born with two perfectly formed front teeth.Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital in Branson just three days after Christmas，reports ABC 7.And the tiny infant surprised everyone by showing off a pair of pearly bottom front chompers.“Right when she first arrived，everybody was just shocked，”said Bailey.“Just like，She has two front teeth？No kidding？Really？It was just a big talk about it in the delivery room，”she added.Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs.“She said in her 25year career this is the second time shes even seen it，” Bailey told CNN.Dr. Laura Corio，a clinical professor of obstetrics and genecology at New Yorks Mount Sinai Hospital，said it was not common for babies to be born with teeth.But she added it was not completely unheard of either.“Teeth can be present in oral cavities at birth and may be related to certain other health problems but not always，”she told ABC news.The National Institute of Health reports that one in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teethusually appear on the lower gums.Bailey said she would be keeping an eye on the tiny teeth，as they would come loose and cause a choking hazard.【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。一位妇女产下一个长着两颗漂亮门牙的女婴，这让包括妇女本人在内的所有在场的人惊讶不已，大感惊奇。5Who is Jaklina Bailey?AA doctor. BThe babys mother.CA CNN reporter. DA clinical professor.解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital.”可知，Jaklina Bailey是新生儿的妈妈。故选B。6Which group of words are closest in meaning?ATeeth，gums，fangs.BChomper，delivery，hazard.CInfant，career，cavity.DStunned，startled，shocked.解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A Missouri mom was left stunned.”第四段中的“everybody was just shocked”以及第六段中的“Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs.”可推知，这几处分别表达了Bailey、旁观者和医生看到新生儿长了两颗牙齿时的惊讶，所以D项中这几个词的意思相近，意为“惊讶，吃惊”。故选D。7According to Dr.Laura Corio，_Ashe has never seen a baby born with teethBlittle Alyssa is not alone to be born with teethCbabies born with teeth have other health problemsDone in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teeth解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第八段第二句“But she added it was not completely unheard of either.”可知，这位医生说这种情况也不是完全没有听说过的；由此可推知，Alyssa并不是唯一一个出生时就长了牙齿的婴儿。故选B。8What type of writing is the text?AA news report. BA medical digest.CAn announcement. DA hospital introduction.解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“reports ABC 7”可知，本文应该是一篇新闻报道。故选A。C(2020河南六市第一次联考) “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before，”says Patsy Rowe，“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.However，rudeness is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or an email and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。现代人比从前更加粗鲁。不过这不是科技的错，而是人们自己的错。人们不仅要看到别人的无礼行为，更应该欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这样才更有助于改善人们粗鲁的行为。9What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?APeople can tell good from bad behavior.BRadar is able to observe human behavior.CPeople care little about their behavior.DRadar can be used to predict human behavior.解析：选C。推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，本段主要说明了“People are ruder today”(现在的人们更加粗鲁)这一观点。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是在强调人们变得粗鲁这一事实。故选C项。其余选项与本段中心无关。10Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _Athey are becoming less patientBthey are growing too independentCthey have to handle many important messagesDthey have to follow an evolutionary step backward解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary s