【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习 课时作业43 北师大版

【优化指导】（课标全国）高考英语总复习 课时作业43 北师大版一、单项填空1(2020江西师大附中高三期中)By all _，you must try every _ to help him.Amean；meanBmeans；meansCmeans；mean Dmean；means2(2020洛阳月考)The poor mother，who had been ill in bed，had to have her little son _ at his uncles.Aadapted BadoptedCadjusted Dapplied3(2020合肥调研)Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams.Aat BbeyondCwithin Dupon4(2020安庆月考)_ in loveless marriages，many women feel that life is colorless.ATrapping BTo trapCTo be trapped DTrapped5As we all know，theory is based on practice and _ serves practice.Ain turn Bin returnCin short Din nature6Our school doesnt _ students staying in the classroom too long.We students should have enough time for sports.Aadvocate BadmitCassess Dapproach7She_when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.Abroke away Bbroke downCbroke out Dbroke up8I cant stand Jack.He is too inefficient!Nobody is perfect.Try to be _ to others.Aconsidering BconsideredCconsiderable Dconsiderate9The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(副手)as a _.Areplacement BsubstitutionCsubstitute Dchange10You should _ the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful.Awatch BrefuseCmiss Dseize11She never dreamed of _ a chance for her to meet her old friends again.Athere being Bthere to beCthere was Dbeing12His appearance is not _ to whether he is a good leader.Ainvolved BrelevantCproper Dsimilar13The bus driver should _ the safety of the passengers.Aanswer for Bcall forClong for Dthirst for14The attack by terrorists has been _ by the entire world.Acondemned BscoldedCcriticized Dblamed15_ the watch _ and see if you can see whats wrong with it.ATell；apart BTake；apartCApart；from DSet；apart二、完形填空When I was young，I belonged to a club that did community service work.There was one specific event that was unusual for me.I spent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the homeless out in the streets.After that I went to a homeless shelter not far from the Bay Bridge.I was in high school and at that time my sister was too young to _1_.She wanted to help，_2_ she made four or five dozen chocolate chip cookies for me to _3_ and hand out to people.When getting to the homeless shelter _4_ passed out the remaining meals._5_，I began making sandwiches and _6_ them with the crowd.I had the containers with my _7_ cookies in them and began to _8_，offering them to anyone near me.I _9_ an old gentleman and said，“Sir，would you like a cookie？”He stopped and turned around，_10_ and said，“What did you say? Did you call me sir？”I told him I _11_，and his eyes _12_ a little bit and he said，“No one has _13_ called me sir.”So he _14_.It struck me.I explained I had been raised that _15_ color and social status，everyone deserved respect.It _16_ me to think that just because he was homeless，no one _17_ him the honor.It broke my heart，and I _18_ .I just didnt understand _19_ no one ever called him sir? I had never thought that anyone was below me because I wasnt raised that way.Every _20_ person deserves to be treated with dignity.Years later，I still carry that memory and the lessons it taught me.Sometimes，what we take for granted can really make a difference in someones life.How have you made a difference to others? How have others made a difference to you?1A.participate BinvolveCchoose Dgo2A.however BbutCyet Dso3A.bring BfetchCcollect Dtake4A.I ByouCshe Dwe5A.First BNextCThird DFinally6A.shared BgaveChelped Dassisted7A.classmates BschoolmatesCsisters Dfamilys8A.walk around Bknock aroundCcome around Dstand around9A.went BcameCapproached Dmet10A.looked at me rightlyBstared at me with difficultyCglared at me in angerDlooked me right in the eye11A.had BcalledCwould Ddo12A.watered BcriedCtore Ddropped13A.already BeverCstill Dyet14A.was completely frightenedBwas not a little confusedCwas completely taken abackDwas not a bit surprised15A.in spite of Bregardless ofCconcerned about Dfor fear of16A.strengthened BsaddenedCfrightened Dpleased17A.handed BaffordedCprovided Dsupplied18A.had no choice but to cryBcouldnt help to cryChad no right to cryDcouldnt help but cry19A.what BwhenCwhether Dwhy20A.single BpoorCordinary Dnormal三、阅读理解Some blogs have been giving attention to Tim Harfords new book Adapt：Why Success Always Starts with Failure.For the good of the world，more people should be aware of its contents.So Im doing my bit to make it known to the public.Harford starts out from the starting point that the world is a very complicated and difficult place.At the dawn of the automobile industry roughly 2,000 car companies sprang into being.Less than 1 percent of them survived.Even if you make it to the top，it is very hard to stay there.The historian Leslie Hannah identified the ten largest American companies in 1912.None of those companies ranked in the top 100 by 1990.Harfords basic lesson is that you have to design your life to make effective use of failure.You have to design systems through trial and error，or，to borrow a term from the natural word，evolution.Most successful enterprises are built through a process of exploring and adaptation，not planning.The Russian thinker Peter Palchinsky understood the basic structure of smart change.First seek out new ideas and approaches.Next，try them on a scale small enough that their failure is survivable.Then find a feedback mechanism(反馈机制)so you can tell which new thing is failing and which is succeeding.Thats the modelvariation，survivability and selection.Harford then illustrates how this basic process can work across a variety of contexts，from business to war to poetry.Hes an able guide to the world of human unreliability.For example，he mentions James Reason，who identifies three kinds of error.First there are slips.In 2020 a young Japanese trader meant to sell one share of stock at 600,000 yen but accidentally sold 600,000 shares at 1 yen.Then there are violations，when someone intentionally breaks the rules.This is what Bernie Madoff did.Then there are mistakesthings you do on purpose that have unintended consequences.Harford is an economic journalist，but he offers a very useful guide for people preparing to live in the world as it really is.1Why did the author write this text?ABlogs have given too much attention to a new book.BIt is his job to advertise the book.CNobody yet knows the contents of this book.DHe wants more people to know the contents of Tim Harfords new book.2What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the automobile industry?AMany car companies used to exist.BThe top 100 companies have fallen far behind.CThe world is full of complications and hardship.DThe world is a good place for competition.3Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?ASuccessful enterprises are planned.BOne learns by trying new things on a large scale.CThe basic structure of smart change is variation，survivability and selection.DHarford tells us to take advantage of success.4What is the main idea of the text?APeople are unreliable.BTake advantage of failure and live well in the real world.CWe can never avoid failure.DJames Reason has a new idea about failure.参考答案与解析课时作业(四十三)Unit 22A卷一、单项填空5解析：考查介词短语辨析。in turn “依次；反过来”；in return “作为回报”；in short “简而言之”； in nature “在本质上”。句意：正如我们所知，理论来自于实践，反过来又服务于实践。答案：A6解析：考查动词词义辨析。前句句意：我们学校不赞成学生待在教室里时间太长。advocate 赞成，拥护；admit 承认；assess 评估；approach 靠近。答案：A7解析：考查break动词短语辨析。break away“脱离；革除”，break down“(机器)损坏，(身体)垮掉；情绪突然失控(如突然大哭)”，break out“(战争、火灾等)突然发生”，break up“击碎；驱散”。句意：她听到消息突然哭起来，但很快就恢复过来了。答案：B8解析：答语句意：人无完人，对别人应该体谅一些。considerate“关心的，体贴的”。答案：D9解析：句意：经理不能出席，派了个副手代表他。substitute作名词，意为“代替的人或物”，而A、B两项均表示代替动作本身，D项不合句意。答案：C10解析：句意：你应该抓住在大学学习的机会，否则你会后悔的。watch观看；refuse拒绝；miss错过，怀念；seize抓住。答案：D11解析：考查非谓语动词。题干句子中的dream of后面接v.ing作宾语，of后面接的是由there be句型引导的句子，故应用there being。答案：A12解析：be relevant to (sb./sth.)“有关的，切题的”符合句意。involved“有关联”，常与介词in搭配；proper“合适的，恰当的”；similar“相似的，类似的”。答案：B13解析：句意：公交车司机应该对乘客的安全负责。answer for“对负责”；call for“要求，需要”；long for“渴望”；thirst for“渴望得到”。答案：A14解析：condemn“谴责，责备，判刑”；scold“责骂，训斥”；criticize“批评，批判”；blame“责备，指责”。答案：A15解析：take sth.apart“把某物拆开”；tell apart“区分，辨别”；apart from“除了以外”；set apart“拨出，留出”。答案：B二、完形填空解题导语：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”在收容所分发食物时的一次真实经历使“我”深深体会到：抛开肤色、民族和贫富，人人都应得到尊重。无家可归者也有自己的尊严，也应得到尊重。1解析：“我”的妹妹年龄太小，不能参与为无家可归者分发食物这样的善事。involve 当“(使) 参加，加入”讲时，用于involve sb.(in sth.) 的结构中，不符合语境。答案：A2解析：于是妹妹做了几十个巧克力酥饼让“我”带去分发。答案：D3解析：take 强调从说话的地方“带走”，bring 强调“带来”，fetch表示“去取”。答案：D4解析：从该段后面的内容看，这里主要描述“我”参与分发食物的情况。pass out 分发，分配。答案：A5解析：“我”一到达就分发剩余的食物，之后开始自己做三明治。next 强调时间概念，意为“接着”。答案：B6解析：share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。答案：A7解析：由上文可知是“我”妹妹做的巧克力酥饼。答案：C8解析：walk around 到处走动。knock around漫游，闲逛；come around 苏醒，恢复知觉；stand around 闲站着。答案：A9解析：“我”走近一位老人说，“先生，吃个酥饼吧？”这里是作者走近对方，与下文他停下来相呼应。答案：C10解析：老人停下脚步，转过身盯着我，look sb.in the eye 直视某人。答案：D11解析：这里是间接引语的省略，应遵循时态呼应原则，用过去完成时。答案：A12解析：老人的眼睛有点湿润了。water 在这里用作动词，意为“(眼睛)充满眼泪”。答案：A13解析：“从来没有人称呼我先生。”ever 常用于否定句中，和完成时连用。答案：B14解析：因此 (当我称呼他“先生”时) 他感到非常震惊。be taken aback 吓了一跳，感到吃惊。A 项“非常害怕”，B项“非常迷惑”，D项“一点儿也不惊奇”，都不合语境。答案：C15解析：“我”向他解释“我”受过教育，“我”认为人人都应该受到尊重，不分肤色和社会地位。答案：B16解析：当“我”想到他因为无家可归就不被尊重时感到非常难过。sadden 使悲伤。答案：B17解析：afford sb.sth.给予某人某物。supply/provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物。答案：B18解析：于是“我”禁不住哭了起来。cant help but docant help doing 禁不住做某事。答案：D19解析：“我”只是不明白为什么没有人称呼他“先生”呢？答案：D20解析：每一个人(无论地位高低、贫富贵贱) 都应受到尊重。single 意为“单个的，单一的”，强调每一个个体。答案：A三、阅读理解解题导语：Tim Harford 出了一本新书适应：为什么成功源自于失败？，在博客上一些人已经在关注此书，作者认为应该有更多的人去了解其中的内容，于是就介绍了这本书的大致内容。1解析：推理判断题。由首段以及全文作者对这本书内容的介绍，我们可以知道这本书的目的就是告诉大家社会是复杂的，是困难重重的，在这样的一个真实的社会，我们怎样利用失败，从而让失败成为成功之母。所以这也是作者写此文章的原因。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，作者引用这个例子就是为了说明这个社会是复杂而艰难的。答案：C