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第三部分 专题一 第一讲 名词和介词1.名词的复数形式；名词的可数性和不可数性；名词作定语；名词所有格等。2表示时间及空间的介词的用法。3介词与动词、名词的固定搭配。42020年高考名词将重点考查词义辨析，介词将重点考查短语辨析。1(2020天津高考)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.Aroom BareaCfield Dposition解析：句意：James从小桌上拿走了(堆放的)杂志给电视机腾地方。本题考查了名词在动词短语中的用法。固定短语make room for sb./sth.为某人/某物腾地方。其余选项无此用法。答案：A2(2020浙江高考)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _.Asolution BtargetCmeasure Dfunction解析：考查名词辨析。句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。solution解决问题的办法；target 目标，靶子；measure 措施；function 功能，作用。根据句意选A。答案：A3(2020浙江高考)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance解析：考查短语辨析。句意：我猜我们以前谈过这个问题，但以防万一，我还是要再问问你。in case表示“以防，万一”；by nature表示“天生，生性”；in return表示“作为的回报”；by chance则表示“偶然，意外地”。根据语意，这里选C项。答案：C4(2020天津高考)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby BonCfor Dagainst解析：此题考查介词。warn sb. against doingwarn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，为固定搭配。故选D项。答案：D5(2020北京高考)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _ everyones enjoyment.Ain BatCfor Dto解析：此题考查介词辨析。句意：你能不摘花园里的花吗？他们是让所有人都欣赏的。“为了”应用for，to表示“对于”。答案：C6(2020郑州第二次质量检测)Even if the judge takes your side, you will have no chance to win the _.Acase BsupportCargument Dcharge解析：考查名词辨析。case指“被警方调查的案件，诉讼案”，此处win a case意为“胜诉”，符合题意。“败诉”为“lost a case”。support“支撑，支持”；argument“急论，辩论”；charge“指责，指控，控告”。答案：A7(2020河南示范性高中五校4月联考)Most female workers in Beijing suffer from _ connected to the global financial crisis, according to a recent survey.Acuriosity BeagernessCthirst Danxiety解析：句意：据最近调查，在北京的职业女性多数患有与经济危机有关的焦虑症。curiosity好奇；eagerness渴望；thirst口渴；anxiety焦虑。答案：D8(2020唐山二模)His story of the accident does not make any _. He is telling a lie.Adifference BexcuseCsense Dpoint解析：考查名词辨析。后一句中提到他在撒谎，由此可知他讲述的故事没有意义。make no sense表示“没有意义，讲不通”。make no difference表示“没有作用，没有影响，都一样”，不符合语意。答案：C9(2020东北三校第一次联考) My father didnt have to say anything.I knew he was upset from his _.Alook BsightCappearance Dsign解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我父亲无须说什么，我从他的表情就知道他很难过。此处的look表示“表情”。后三项分别表示“视力，景象”“外貌”“标志，迹象”，都不符合题意。答案：A10(2020黑龙江检测)If youre looking for a _，you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解析：考查名词词义辨析。on sale表示“廉价出售”，因此应用bargain(特价商品)与之呼应。句意：如果你在寻找特价商品，减价出售时你就可以买到。答案：B11(2020湖北六市联考)Success in life doesnt happen _. Its the result of devoting your time and energy to what youve set out to do.Aby force Bby designCby accident Dby choice解析：考查介词短语。句意：人生的成功不是偶然而至的，它是将时间与精力投入到你决心要做的事情之后的结果。by force“用武力”；by design“故意地”；by accident“偶然地”；by choice“出于自己的选择”。从句意判断选C。答案：C12(2020重庆第二次调研)Have you seen James Camerons Avatar?Yes. It takes us to a fantastic world _imagination.Aon BbeyondCto Dfor解析：考查介词 。答语句意：是的，它(阿凡达)带我们进入了一个难以想象的奇妙世界。beyond imagination意为“难以想象”。答案：B13(2020成都第二次诊断)Her smooth spoken English has given her certain advantages _ others _ job hunting.Afor；of Bover；ofCover；in Damong；in解析：考查介词用法。句意：她流畅的英语口语让她在求职中比其他人有某些优势。此处over表示“超过”，in表示“在方面”。答案：C14(2020南通二模)To keep safe _ an earthquake，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.Ain search of Bin advance ofCin terms of Din case of解析：考查介词短语辨析。in search of寻找；in advance of在前面，超过；in terms of就而言；in case of万一，以防。句意：万一地震，为了保证你的安全，你最好待在一个不会有东西掉下来的地方。故选D。答案：D15(2020黑龙江检测)Ballet is not popular _ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.Ain BwithCamong Don解析：考查介词。语意表示“芭蕾在我们市不太流行”，in 表示“在地方”。此题考生会误选B和C项，be popular with/among sb.表示“受欢迎”，介词后面接人。答案：A.单项填空1(2020绵阳诊断性测试)Niagara Falls is a great tourist _ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.Ainterest BattractionCview Dscene解析：考查名词辨析。句意：尼亚加拉大瀑布是一个很美的旅游胜地，每年吸引数以百万计来自世界各地的游客。attraction表示“具有吸引力的事物”，tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”。interest表示“兴趣或吸引力”；view表示“(从某处看到的)风景”；scene表示“景色或现场”。答案：B2(2020保定调研)Mind your _ and remember to say “thank you” to the host when you leave the party.Aactions BwaysCmanners Dsteps解析：考查名词。句意：注意礼貌，当你离开宴会时记得向主人道谢。这里强调的是注意社交礼仪，manners表示“礼貌，礼仪”，符合句意。action“行动”；way“方法，方式”；step“步骤，步伐”。答案：C3(2020绵阳诊断性测试)To be honest, Ive been out of _ with most of my old friends.Areach BstepCtouch Ddate解析：考查固定搭配。out of touch with是固定词组，表示“与不联系，不接触”，符合句意。out of reach表示“够不到”，out of date表示“过时”，都与句意不符。答案：C4(20203月济南模拟)Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didnt have _ to immediate rescue.Aaccess BadmissionCapproach Dattention解析：考查名词辨析。句意：海地有许多人死于地震，因为他们没有得到及时的援救。have access to可以获得或使用(机会、权利等)。答案：A5(2020潍坊教学质量抽样监测)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _ will be to my poor examination result.Aexpression BreactionCappearance Dexpectation解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我真的有点担心，因为我不知道我父母对我不好的考试结果会是什么反应。expression表情；reaction反应；appearance外表；expectation期望。答案：B6(2020烟台四校联考)We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fare，and in _ we had to walk.Aconsequence BadditionCgeneral Dpurpose解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我们没有足够的钱付车费，因此我们只能步行了。in consequence 结果，因此，符合题意；in addition(besides)另外；in general 通常，大体上，一般而言；on purpose 故意地。答案：A7(2020苏锡常镇四市教学调查)If you live near the lake，_are that you will hear birds singing to welcome the new day.Afacts BchancesCsituations Dpossibilities解析：考查名词的习惯用法。Chances are that.是固定句式，意思是“可能会”。其他几个词不符合搭配习惯。答案：B8(2020海南五校联考)Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common _.Apractice BknowledgeCexperience Dduty解析：考查名词辨析。因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice“通常的做法”，符合题意。答案：A9(2020陕西教学质量检测)There is no _ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.Adoubt BmindCpoint Dwonder解析：考查名词辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做是没有必要的”，其他搭配不正确，所以这里选C项。答案：C10(2020浙江金华十校3月联考)The conference has been held to discuss the _ of global warming on peoples lives all over the world.Aimportance BeffectsCprotection Dattitudes解析：考查名词辨析。effect 意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。其他选项不合题意。importance 意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保护”；attitude意思是“态度”。答案：B11(2020福建毕业班检查)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest _.Ainterruption BinstructionCconsideration Dconvenience解析：考查名词辨析。这里表示“请在你方便的时候尽早给我回复”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合语意。interruption“打断”；instruction“指导，指示”；consideration“考虑”。答案：D12(2020承德一模)Quite a lot of students failed in the math exam.Exactly. It is _ their abilities.Awithin BoverCagainst Dbeyond解析：考查介词。很多学生数学考试都没有通过，因此说数学试卷超出了他们的能力。beyond“超过”，符合句意。答案：D13(2020保定调研)How about your trip to Italy?Oh, _ the fine weather, we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Abut for Bthanks toCin spite of Dbecause of解析：考查短语辨析。句意：“意大利的旅行怎么样？”“哦，幸亏天气好，我们玩得很愉快。”B项“幸亏，由于”，符合句意。but for表示“要不是”，in spite of表示“尽管”，because of表示“因为”都与句意不符。答案：B14(2020北京海淀区期末)Once made out, the plan must be carried out _ any difficulty.Aregardless of Binstead ofCbecause of Din need of解析：句意：一旦作出计划，不管多难，都要开展下去。regardless of表示“不管，无论”；instead of表示“代替”；because of表示“因为”；in need of表示“需要”。结合选项和语意可知应该选A项。答案：A15(2020郑州高中毕业班质量预测)The man was hit _ the head _ a stone while traveling in the mountain.Aon；with Bin；byCon；by Din；with解析：考查介词的用法。“打在某人头上”习惯用介词on；后面一空中的by引出动作的发出者。故选C。答案：C16(20203月济南模拟)Going to work today，Brenda?No.Its my day _ today.Aout BinCaway Doff解析：考查介词辨析。语意：今天我休息。Its ones day off.是固定用法。答案：D17(2020苏锡常镇四市教学调查)I can tell you nothing else about the new film _ what youve already known.Arather than Bas well asCin spite of Dapart from解析：考查短语辨析。apart from意思是“除了”。关于那部新电影，除了你已经知道的情况外，我没有什么可以告诉你的了。rather than意思是“而不是”；as well as意思是“和一样，也”；in spite of意思是“不顾，不管”。答案：D18(2020南京第二次模拟)After running for a mile yesterday，I was almost _，not feeling bad，though.Aout of shape Bout of breathCout of control Dout of order解析：考查介词词组辨析。句意：昨天跑了一英里后，我上气不接下气。out of breath“上气不接下气”，符合语意。out of shape表示“走样的，身体不佳”；out of control表示“失控”；out of order 表示“发生故障”。答案：B19(2020杭州市第二次教学质量检测)After the quarrel，I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us，but all my efforts seemed _.Ain vain Bin caseCin time Din trouble解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力看起来都白费了。in vain“白费地，徒劳无益地”；in case“免得，以防”；in time 及时；in trouble处于困境。故选A。答案：A20(2020浙江金华十校3月联考)Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.Ain spite of Bin charge ofCin favor of Din terms of解析：考查介词短语。in spite of意思是“不顾”；in charge of意思是“负责，管理”；in favor of意思是“支持，赞同”；in terms of意思是“根据，就而言”。根据题干内容可知，D项符合语境。即依据他们所取得的成就来评定。答案：D.完形填空(2020合肥第二次教学检测)Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.However，I was not thinking about the golden chain when I had to help people who _1_ their way and parked in front of my house.I was growing tired of helping so many people.Almost every _2_ I was awaken during a sound nights sleep and had to _3_ someone out.Many times I was _4_ by some penniless motorists who did not even thank me for the help that they received and some even complained that I could have done _5_ .One day，a young man with a weekold beard climbed out of a _6_ automobile.He had no money and no food.He asked if I could give him some _7_ ，offer him gasoline and a meal.I told him that if he wanted to work for me，he could cut the grass，but _8_ the work wasnt necessary.Though sweaty and hungry，he worked hard.After working all day，he sat _9_ to cool himself.I thanked him for his work and gave him the money he _10_ .I then offered him some _11_ money for the task particularly well done, but he shook his head，_12_ .I never saw him again.He probably thought I helped him out that day，but that is not the _13_ it was.I didnt help him，whereas he helped me to _14_ people again to repay their trust in me.He helped me to once again want to do something for those who are _15_ .I wish I could thank him for _16_ some of my belief in the basic _17_ of others and for giving me back a little of the _18_ I had lost.Because of him，I once again felt myself part of a golden chain of kindness that _19_ us to others.I may have fed his body that day，but he fed my _20_ .语篇解读：本文告诉我们与人为善的好处。作者告诉我们，善意(kindness)是联系社会的纽带。1A.fought BfoundCmade Dlost解析：根据第二段可知，经常有一些迷路的人向作者问路。因此选D。答案：D2A.morning BafternoonCnight Devening解析：根据空处后面的内容可知，几乎每天晚上都要被人吵醒。答案：C3A.bring BhelpCcarry Ddrive解析：help sb.out意思是“帮助某人摆脱(困境)”。答案：B4A.taken for granted Bput up withCturned down Dtaken up with解析：take.for granted意思是“认为理所当然”。一些身无分文的汽车司机认为我理所当然应该帮助他们。put up with“容忍，忍受”；turn down“拒绝，关小”；take up with“和交往”。答案：A5A.less BmoreCworse Denough解析：有些人甚至抱怨我本应该为他们提供更多的帮助。答案：B6A.fashionable BfamousCflashy Dshabby解析：fashionable “流行的”；famous“著名的”；flashy“浮华的”；shabby意思是“破旧的”。根据后面一句话可知，这个人比较穷，因此D项正确，即他开的车很破。答案：D7A.money BfoodChelp Dwork解析：后面一句话中if he wanted to work for me是答案提示。他让我给他安排一些工作，给他提供汽油和一顿饭。答案：D8A.actually BspeciallyCparticularly Dgenerally解析：根据语境可知，事实上(actually)修剪草坪的工作不必要做。specially“专门地”；particularly“特别，尤其”；generally“普遍地，一般地”。答案：A9A.in the sun Bin the shadeCin the field Din the car解析：根据前面的sweaty可知，此处表示工作一天后，他坐在阴凉处(in the shade)乘凉。答案：B10A.asked BbeggedCneeded Dcharged解析：联系上文He had no money可知，此处表示我感谢他为我所做的工作并给了他需要的钱。答案：C11A.old BextraCsmall Dgood解析：因为他工作干得特别好，我给他一些额外的(extra)钱。答案：B12A.accepted BreceivedCrefused Ddenied解析：由前面的he shook his head可知，他拒绝接受我多给他的钱。答案：C13A.situation BthingCissue Dway解析：way表示方式。他可能认为我那天帮助了他，但其实事情不是那样(the way)的。situation“情况，局面”；thing “东西，事件”；issue“(特别重要或大众关注的)议题，问题”。答案：D14A.believe in Bwatch overClook after Dcare about解析：他帮助我重新信任他人，以回报他们对我的信任。believe in“信赖，信任”；watch over“照管，监视”；look after“照顾，照料”；care about“关心”。答案：A15A.in trouble Bin danger Cin tears Din fear解析：根据上文可知，他帮助我让我重新想为那些遇到麻烦的人做些事情。in trouble“处于困境中，有麻烦”符合语境。in danger“在危险中”；in tears “流着泪”；in fear“害怕地”。答案：A16A.forgetting BlosingCrestoring Dfinding解析：restore意思是“恢复，修复”。根据上下文，尤其是本句后面的giving me back可知，他帮我恢复了一些信念：相信别人的善意。其他选项不符合语境。答案：C17A.goodness BhappinessCpleasure Dnature解析：goodness与本文首句的Kindness相照应，即人们的善意。答案：A18A.weakness BstrengthCoptimism Dpessimism解析：optimism意思是“乐观”，帮助我恢复了一点自己所遗失的乐观。答案：C19A.adapts BadjustsCdevotes Dconnects解析：因为他，我再一次感到自己是善意黄金链的一部分，善意将人们联系(connects)在一起。这里与文章的第一句话相照应。答案：D20A.heart BsoulChead Dmouth解析：soul意思是“心灵，内心”，与前半句的body形成对比。我可能让他填饱了肚子，但他让我的心灵充实。答案：B.阅读理解(2020福州质量检测)Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents in their families.But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people when you grow up and get married？This could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is entering a new stage of an aging society.An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.By the end of 2020，Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nations total population.“China is getting old before becoming rich，”said Cai Chuang，a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a lack of labor resources.As a result of the family planning policy，it is expected that the countrys total working population will decrease after 2020.China is not the only country getting old.More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.However，experts said that China doesnt have a highly developed social security network to support the old.Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need，including the old，the disabled and others.1An aging society is a society that _.Aless than 10% of its population is over 60B10% or more of its population is over 60Cthere are four old people in a familyDmost of its population is over 60解析：细节理解题。文章第二段一开始就给老龄化社会下了定义：An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.故应选B。答案：B2If China enters an aging society，_.Athere will not be enough labor resourcesBthe family planning policy will be endedCeveryone needs to take care of four to twelve old peopleDChina will have a highly developed social security network解析：细节推理题。根据第二段最后一句Cai Chuang 说的话This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a lack of labor resources.可以知道答案为A。答案：A3What does Cai Chuang mean by saying “China is getting old before becoming rich.”？AChina will be an aging society，then be a developed country.BChina will be a rich country before being an aging society.CAn aging society will affect Chinese economy development.DChina will stop developing because of its aging problem.解析：句意理解题。根据文章第二段Cai Chuang 的话可知，老龄化社会会影响中国的经济发展，故答案应选C。答案：C4The passage mainly talks about _.Aan aging society BChinese social problemsCfamily planning policy Daging problem in China解析：主旨大意题。本文主要写的是中国的老龄化问题及老龄化社会对中国社会经济发展的影响。故应选D。答案：DThe population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.已经推动中国增长三十年的人口增加，将会在未来十年让步于快速增加的老龄化社会。The population increase that.为定语从句。More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.已有60多个国家成为老龄化社会，而且在欧盟，三个人中有一个是高龄公民。
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