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优质文档 优质人生选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventions要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1distinguish vi. & vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别2merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n宽大；仁慈3product n产品4abrupt adj.突然的；意外的abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地5convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的convenience n方便，便利conveniently adv.便利地，方便地6caution n小心，谨慎cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的cautiously adv.小心地，谨慎地7passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的8seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺9file n文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将归档10freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v冰冻11innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n天真，清白12bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担13tap vt.轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头14current n(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的15stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的16associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴，伙伴17practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的18competence n能力；胜任；本领重点短语1call up给打电话2now and then 偶尔；有时3set about 开始；着手4dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5set out(to do) 开始(做)6hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障8get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过9ring back 回复电话10ring off 挂断电话重点句型1The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起来了。2But once picked up, they tried to bite me. 但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。3Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你获得了那种认证后，你才能说是一个真正的发明家。4The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。5Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。高考范文(2020海南，宁夏，全国)假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师 Peter找一位英国笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：1年龄；2.性别；3.爱好(旅游、运动、养宠物等)。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好。Dear Peter，I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor._Best regards，Li Hua范文Dear_Peter，I_am_writing_to_ask_whether_you_are_able_to_do_me_a_favor. I want to have a penfriend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best_regards，Li_Hua考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1distinguish vi.&vt. 辨别；显示的差别distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和 distinguish.from. 使有别于，使 具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself (as.) (作为)表现突出be distinguished by/for 以为特征/著名即学即练1(1)Hes _ himself _ a teacher.作为老师，他早已负有盛名。(2)We should _ _ major _ minor work and not put the trivial above the important.我们的工作要分主次，不能轻重倒置。distinguishedasdistinguish betweenand(3)What was it that _ her _ her classmates?是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？distinguishedfrom2convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；附近的convenience n. 方便，便利It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的。Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 对某人来说是方便的。at sbs convenience 在某人方便的时候convenience food 方便食品convenience store 便利店即学即练2(1)We must _ a convenient time and place _ the meeting.我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。(2)When would _ you to go?你什么时候去方便？(3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests _.这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。arrangeforit be convenient forconvenience3seize vt.抓住，捉住；把握(机会等)；夺取某物，占领某地seize sth.突然抓住seize an opportunity抓住机会seize power夺取政权be seized with被侵扰；患/得(病)seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂即学即练3(1)He _ and shook it heartily.他拉住她的手高兴地握着。(2)The enemy _ after a violent attack.敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。(3)He _ going abroad.他抓住了那次出国的机会。seized her handseized the townseized the chance of(4)He _ a slight attack of fever.他有一点发烧。was seized with4bear vt. (bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育bear doing/ n/to do忍受bear sb./sb.s doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth. out证实；为作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth. in mind牢记即学即练4(1)I couldnt _ any longer, so I left the room.我实在听不下去了，就离开了房间。(2)I cant _ waiting.我不能忍受长时间的等待。(3)I doubt if that chair will _.我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。bear to listenbear being keptbear your weight(4)You must _ that your parents hope to depend on you to become a doctor.你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。(5)She _ three children.她生了三个孩子。bear it in mindhas borne(6)Who _ the responsibility/expense?谁要负担这责任/费用呢？will bear提示：(1)bear作“忍受”讲时，其后接动名词做宾语，表示习惯性的动作，也可接不定式做宾语，表示某一次具体的动作，且多与can, could及be able to等连用。(2)borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出世”时用born，并且仅用于被动语态，表示“生育”时用borne。5associate vt.联想，联系n.同伴，伙伴accociation n联合；联想；交往；协会；团体associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.把和联系在一起；由联想到be associated with.和有关associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物in association with.与合伙/合作即学即练5(1)Ive never _ you _ this place.我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。(2)I wouldnt want to _ Mckeys project.我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。(3)I dont like these layabouts youre _.我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲的人。associatedwithbe associated withassociating with6call up 召唤；使人想起；提出；打电话call at 访问(某地)call on/upon 访问(某人)call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事call back 召回，撤销call for 需要；要求call out 大声喊叫call forth 唤起，引起call in 召集；收回call off 取消即学即练6(1)The trip _ of my youth.旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的美好回忆。(2)He _ all the information from the computer.他从计算机中调出了所有的信息。called up happy memoriescalled up(3)He _ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打电话就是为了告诉我他买了一台新的DVD。called me up拓展：与打电话有关的短语：ring/call up 打电话ring/call back 回复电话ring off 挂断电话give sb. a ring 给某人打电话sb. be wanted on the phone 有某人的电话answer the phone 接电话hang/hold on 不挂断电话7set about (doing sth.) 开始；着手干某事set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)，把置于一旁set out forset off forleave for 出发到某地去set out to do 开始做set down 写下；记下；规定set off 动身；起程；激起；引起；使爆炸set up 建立；设置；创建；开办即学即练7(1)You must _ at once.你必须立即开始工作。(2)Do you know how to _ on this work？你知道怎样着手进行这项工作吗？(3)Bell never _ the telephone.(Bell never _ the telephone.)贝尔从来没打算去发明电话。set about your workset about goingset out to inventset about inventing(4)When are we _ (_) on our trip？我们什么时候动身去旅行？setting outsetting off8get through 打通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)；克服(困难)get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)get on/along 相处get out of 避免；摆脱get over 克服get in 收获get around/round 到处走动；传播出去get away/off 逃脱，离开即学即练8写出下列句子中get through的意思。(1)I tried several times, but couldnt get through._(2)Youll get through this problem._打通(电话)克服(困难)(3)Ill get through this work by noon._(4)We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam._完成(工作)通过(考试)拓展：go through 经历；翻阅；检查look through 浏览，仔细检查live through 活过一段时间；经历put through 把电话接通.重点句型详解1But once_picked_up,_they tried to bite me.但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。(1)once作为连接词引导时间状语从句时，后面可接现在分词或过去分词。Once opened, the museum will be very popular with the citizens.博物馆一旦开放，肯定会受到市民的欢迎。(表被动)Once talking with him, youll find him an easygoing man. 一旦与他交谈，你就会发现他是一个随和的人。(表主动)(2)once 引导的从句中，要用一般时代替将来时。Once you have grasped English, youll be easy to get a wellpaid job.一旦你掌握了英语，你就会很容易找到一份报酬很高的工作。(现在完成时代替将来完成时)Once he arrives, we can start.他一到我们就可以开始。(一般现在时代替一般将来时)即境活用1(2020福建) You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.AbeforeBonceCuntil Dthough答案：B解析：考查状语从句。once “一旦”引导时间状语从句。before“在以前”；until “直到”；though“虽然”。2Remember to include one change to your invention in_case it doesnt work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。in case(以防)万一in case 后可接从句，也可置于句末。in case of 要是；在时候(后接名词或代词)in this case 如果这样的话in that case 如果那样的话in any case 无论如何in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)Take your umbrella in case it rains.拿着你的雨伞以防下雨。In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.如果我忘记了我的诺言，请提醒我。 In case of fire, open this safety door.一旦发生火灾，打开这扇安全门。In no case may you leave the baby alone at home.你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。即境活用2(2020北京)Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.Aever since Beven ifCsoon after Din case答案：D解析：A项意为“自从以来”，B项意为“即使”，C项意为“不久之后”，D项意为“以防；以免”。句意为“留一把钥匙给邻居，以免有一天你把自己锁在门外”。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考case构成的短语的用法应用(1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, _ the hike would be put off.Ain any case Bin which caseCin no case Din case答案：B解析：该题考查case的相关短语及定语从句，根据前面说“据说明天有大雨”，可知hike在这种情况下要推迟，which引导定语从句，指代整个主句。(2)The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes._， we will have to wait.AIn this case BIn this wayCBy this means DIn the end答案：A(3)John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aas long as Bin order thatCin case Dso that答案：C解析：as long as意为“只要”，in order that意为“为了”，in case意为“以防”，so that意为“以致；为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。(4)I dont think Ill need any money, but Ill bring some _.Aat last Bin caseConce again Din time答案：B解析：根据句子中所说自己目前不需要钱，可是要带一点备用或者以防万一。in case是“以防万一”的意思，恰好符合此意。in time是“及时，恰好，迟早”的意思。(5)Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.Aeven if Bas ifCin case Din order that答案：C高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1Success in moneymaking is not always a good c_ of real success in life.2Its f_ outside. Youd better put on more clothes.3The packet of white p_ the police found in his room turned out to be cocaine.4What we need is a s_ government.5Your invention is ingenious, but not very p_.criterionfreezingpowderstablepractical6He is _(清白的，无罪的) of the charge.7He_ (使扬名) himself by his courage at that time.8I keep my reference books near my desk for _ (方便)9He ate a light lunch in _ (期望) of a good dinner.10She likes inventions and she has applied for _(专利)innocentdistinguishedconvenienceexpectationpatent .单项选择1Jack, you _ on the phone._.Aare wanted; ComingBare needed; Im comingCare called; Ill comeDare rung up; Thanks答案：A解析：考查电话用语。叫人接电话时常用表达有：You are wanted on the phone. /There is a call for you./ For you.回答用：Im coming.或Coming.2Whoever invented _ wheel is believed to have made _ most useful invention in _ history.Aa; the; /Bthe; the; /Cthe; /; / Da; a; the答案：B解析：发明物的前面必须用 the；第二空用 the表示最高级，故加定冠词 the; in history 为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”，不加任何冠词。3Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _ environment.Apeaceful BsensitiveCcommon Dstable答案：D解析：A项“平静的”；B项“敏感的”；C项“共同的”；D项“稳定的”。句意为：水能吸收和放出许多热量，这在温度上没有大的变化，因而就创造出了一个稳定的环境。4Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.Aset about Bset downCset out Dset up答案：A解析：考查动词短语。set about doingset out to do开始着手做某事；set down 写下，记下；set up 建立。5Color blind people often find it difficult to _between blue and green.Aseparate BdistinguishCcompare Dcontrast答案：B解析：句意为：色盲的人经常感到很难区分蓝色和绿色。separate “分离，分开”，但与 between 不能连用；distinguish between “分辨，辨别”；compare (to/with) 比较，对照；contrast (with) 形成对比。6When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestions.Acareful BpracticalCeffective Dacceptable答案：B解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。careful “仔细的，小心的”；practical “可行的，实用的”；effective “有效的，生效的”；acceptable “可接受的，受到欢迎的”。本句的意思是：当我们计划假期的时候，妈妈经常提出实用、可行的建议。因此B项最佳。7Are you ready to leave?Almost. Ill be ready to go as soon as I _ putting the clean dishes away.Aget through Bgive upCgo on Dset about答案：A解析：get through (doing) sth. 完成某事。give up (doing) sth. 放弃；go on doing 继续；set about doing 开始做。8I am sure that Lauras latest play, _ staged, will prove a great success.Asince BunlessConce Duntil答案：C解析：考查“once过去分词”。其中为省略句 once the latest play is staged。9(2020安徽皖南八校二联)Without the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English speaking competition.Awould win Bwould have wonCwould not win Dwould not have won答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。10Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?Afree BvacantChandy Dconvenient答案：D解析：句意：你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便。11Does this meal cost $50? I _ something far better than this!Aprefer BexpectCsuggest Dsuppose答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。expect期望；期盼；prefer更喜欢；suggest建议；suppose猜想；认为。12He cant bear _ in public.Ato laugh at Bto be laughed atClaughing at Dlaugh at答案：B解析：本题中 bear为“承受”的意思。也可表示为 bear being laughed at。13As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.Acalled up Bcalled forCcalled on Dcalled in答案：A解析：A.“唤起”，B.“需要”，C.“号召”，D.“召集”。本题题意为“本次参观使我想起了童年的情景”。因此选A。14(2020北京东城期末)Hello, everyone! Have you heard the meeting will be put off till next Tuesday?Thats what we _ about when you came in.Aare talking Bwere talkingCtalk Dtalked答案：B解析：考查动词的时态。“那就是你进来时我们正在讨论的事情”。此处“讨论”的动作发生在“你进来时”，所以用进行时态，同时从came in可以看出用“过去进行时态”。答案应该选B项。15(2020唐山摸底考试)He was so deep in thought, thinking of the problem _ he knocked into the tree without noticing it.Awhen BwhileCbecause Dthat答案：D解析：考查状语从句的引导词。so.that表示“如此，以致”。他思考问题太投入了，以致一不留神儿撞到了树上。 .阅读理解 A China will plan to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts (网上直播)Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as Hogging and webcasting, are being improved to challenge the governments ability to watch over the Internet.Chinese government was in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites that publishing webcasts would fall under these rules.Government officials hope the new rules would ensure a more healthy and active Internet environment and would fully respect and protect Chinese citizens freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules would be carried out are still unknown to the public.Despite the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been unpopular with publication institutions.In 2020, a series of cases involving bloggers who had dived into other peoples privacy and written materials ruining others fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they log in.Webcasting without copyright and illegally “copying” products from copyrighted materials have also led government officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to continue offering webcasts.1What can be the best title of the passage? AThe Increases of Blogs and WebcastsBNew Rules to Control Internet PublishingCTechnologies Challenge the GovernmentDThe Popularity of Online Video Broadcasting答案及解析：1B。主旨大意题。第一段就概括了本文的大意。2. Chinese government thinks the current Internet environment is _.Aquite healthy Bless active Crather hopeful Dless piloted答案及解析： 2D。由第四段可知。3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Publication institutions are unhappy with bloggers and webcasters. B.All bloggers and webcasters like to dig out other peoples privacy. C.Webcasters are quite aware of the copyright issues while online. D.Copyrighted materials can only be offered to qualified websites.答案及解析： 3A。由第五段可知A项正确。 B The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming(逼近) hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the stavt of 2020. These food prices increases, combined with soaring energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine(破坏) political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but well have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止， 避免) the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scaleup(按比例增加，扩大) the dramatic success of Malawi, a famineprone(遭遇饥荒) country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and highyield seeds. Malawis harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Second, the US and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing(给补助金) the conversion of food into biofuels(生物燃料) Third, we urgently need to weatherproof(使防风雨) the worlds crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pondwhich collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spellcan make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions, climateproof vital economic activities such as food production and health care, but has not yet acted upon the promise.The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity. We need to invest vastly more in sustainable development in order to achieve true global security and economic growth.4. Which of the following is the best title?A. How to End the Global Food Shortage.B. How to End the Global Disaster.C. How to Help the Farmers in the Poor Countries.D. How to Subsidize the Farmers to Increase Food Products.答案及解析： 4A。主旨大意题。文章主要讲如何结束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要内容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。5. The word “woes” in paragraph one is most likely to mean _.A. hunger B. things C. matters D. disasters答案及解析： 5D。词义猜测题。从下文中Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert(防止， 避免) the potential for a global disaster.可以猜出词义。6. What does the author think of the global food shortage?A. People in the world can do nothing.B. The global food crisis will continue.C. The food crisis provides not only
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