2020高考英语备考易错点睛系列 定语从句（教师版）

2020;2020高考英语备考易错点睛系列8定语从句（教师版）考前必读高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。易错点睛易错点1 混淆关系代词和关系副词【易错题l】What do you think of teacher ,Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting .A. where B. which C. when D. that【错因透视】引导定语从句的关系副词有where，when和why，若引导词在定语从句中作状语，就要考虑用关系副词引导定语从句。这时先行词若是表示地点的名词，就用where引导定语从句；先行词若是表示时间的名词，就用when引导定语从句；先行词若是表示原因的名词(reason)，就用why引导定语从句。如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year这就是我们去年住过的那个山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you我永远忘不了和你一起工作的那些日子。She didnt tell me the reason why she was late她没有告诉我迟到的理由。【易错题2】Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. that D. what【解析】考生容易误选A项，误以为先行词是表示地点的名词，就用关系副词where引导定语从句。分析定语从句的句子成分，可以看出定语从句缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that引导定语从句，that作visit的宾语。【答案】C【易错题3】A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. which C. where D. what【答案】C【错因透视】理解题干的真正含义，准确判断定语从句前面的介词和副词，是做这类试题的关键。易错点2 混淆as和which引导的非限制性定语从句【易错题l】I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though【错因透视】as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语或宾语。as引导的定语从句常带有“正如，正像”的意思，可置于句首；而which不可置于句首，非限制性定语从句含有贬义时一般不用as引导，而用which。如：The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us太阳照耀大地，这对我们来说是很重要的。As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health正如我们所知道的，吸烟对人的健康是有害的。易错点3忽视关系代词that与which的区别【易错题l】Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _ were going to visit.A. which B. where C. that D. in which(1)先行词是all，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，few，little，much等不定代词，或是先行词被all，every，some，any，no，few，little等不定代词修饰时。Is there anything(that)I can do for you in town?(2)先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first，the second，the last修饰时。如：This is thebest film(that)I have ever seen易错点4混淆whose与其他引导词【易错题】Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whoseC. of them D. with whom易错点5对关系代词前面的介词选择有误【易错题】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】考生容易误选B项，以为是argue with固定搭配。argue with意思是“与(某人)争论”。在本句中先行词是物，关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，意思是“争论某事”。【答案】C【错因透视】介词+whichwhom”引导定语从句主要有下列三种情况：(1)定语从句中关系代词前的介词取决于与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配。如：The scientist built atelescope through which he could study the sky这位科学家造了一架望远镜，通过它来研究天空。(2)定语从句中关系代词前的介词的选择取决于与先行词的搭配或具有的某种联系。如：This is the house in which he wrote the famous novel(=This is the house where he wrote the famous novel)他就是在这所房子里写的那本著名小说。跟踪练习1.（2020;2020年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）There was a tree in front of the house, _ owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade.AwhereBwhoseCwhichDthat【答案】B【解析】 考查定语从句。“_ owner was seen sitting under it” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 tree, whose 在从句中作定语。2.（2020;2020年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）Is that house _ door is painted red your mothers?AwhichBwhatCwhoseDwhat3.（北京市东城区2020;2020届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）The man answered the phone in a loud voice at the meeting, _ made Andy annoyed.AthatBwhatCwhoDwhich【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句。由该空前面的逗号可知，此处是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，代指前面整句话。4.（北京市西城区2020;2020届高三上学期期末考试英语）The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.AwhyBwhichCwhenD where【答案】B【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ almost all tourists would like to visit” 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the place，关系代词在从句中充当 visit 的宾语，因此选B。5.（北京市重点高中2020;2020届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）American Thanksgiving Day, _ falls on Nov. 24 this year, takes on an entirely different look in China.AthatBwhenCwhichDwhat6.（合肥市2020;2020年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.AthatBwhichCwith whichDto which【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：一则好广告经常使用那些人们赋予积极含义的话语。attach.to.“把附到上”， “_ people attach positive meanings” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 words。7.（宁夏银川一中2020;2020届高三年级第四次考试英语）The average rainfall in Ningxia is small, _ makes the climate here drier _ with other places in China.Athat; comparedBwhich; comparingCwhich; comparedDthat; comparing8.（山东省潍坊东营淄博滨州四市2020;2020届高三联考英语）Soon children in the camp had many new friends, _ they shared food, stories and projects.Afor whichBwith whomCof whichDto whom【答案】B【解析】 考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。分析句子成分可知此处先行词为 friends，从句中有短语 share sth. with sb.，故此处用 “withwhom” 引导非限制性定语从句。9.（山东省潍坊市三县市2020;2020届高三上学期联合考试英语）The course normally attracts 200 students per year, _ up to half come from overseas.Ain which Bfor whomCwith which Dof whom10.（山西省2020;2020届高三年级四校联考试题英语）In the UK, what impressed me most was the student activity, _ I got lots of information.Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dwhere【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句。本句的后半部分是非限制性定语从句，用来修饰先行词 the student activity，where 在从句中作状语，表示抽象的地点。11.（江西省丰、樟、高、宜四市2020;2020届高三联考英语）A survey was conducted in Shanghai _ interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker.AwhenBwhichCthatDwhere【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词为 survey，关系词在从句中作状语，因此使用关系副词，先排除B和C；空处表示在调查中，因此使用 where，也可用 in which。12.（江西省丰、樟、高、宜四市2020;2020届高三联考英语）The city was attacked by _ terrible weather _ few citizens had ever experienced before.Aso; asBso; thatCsuch; thatDsuch; as13.（河北省普通高中2020;2020届高三教学质量监测英语）About 1.62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2020;2020, _ only 497,400 have come back.AwhoBamong whomCamong whichDin whom【答案】B【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：在1978年到2020;2020年期间，大约有162万中国学生出国学习，其中回国的只有497400人。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 students，且由句意可知应选用介词 among，故B项正确。14.Ill never forget the days _ I learned hard in my senior high school, _ changed my whole life.Athat; whichBwhen; whichCwhich; whenDthat; that15.（河南省洛阳市2020;2020届高中三年级统一考试英语）The old lady, all of _ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.AherBwhomCwhoseDwhich