2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 句子结构

2020;2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 句子结构一、特殊疑问句（常用疑问词）WHAT whatlike ? 人或事物的外观特征；天气Whats your brother like ? (长相或人品)Whats t the weather like today ?How do you like the film ?What do you like ? what time / date / year -Whats the date today ? - (Its) October 15. -What date will he arrive ?- (Hell arrive) on October 15. whatfor ? = why-Whats it for ? -(its for) cutting grass.-What did you do that for ?- Because I wanted to save time.( To save time.)what kind(s) / sort(s) of?What kind of picture(s) do you like best ?what size-What size shoes do you take ? - (Size) 41.what height / length / depth / agehow high / long / deep / oldWhats the height of that mountain ?What height is that mountain ?How high is that mountain ? WHICHwhich day /month / year? （比when更具体）- Dont forget his birthday ?- I wont. Which /What day is it ?which / what /who 比较which 更具体，或用which oneWhich book are you going to buy ?(哪本书）What book are you going to buy ?（哪种书）Who do you like best ?Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ?WHYWhy not (dont you) buy a new coat ?-Let s set out tonight. -Yes, why not. HOW How is your mother ?How is your mother getting along ? How is the weather there ?Whats the weather like today ? How do you find the film ?How do you like the film?How / What about the film ?What do you think of the film? -How often do you go to the zoo ?-Once every two months.-How soon will you be ready to start ? - In two days .How far is it from here to the airport ? 综合问题简答中介词跟在疑问词之后- I want to leave this parcel.-Who for ? ( leave sth for sb)else跟在疑问词后 （which 和whose 除外）Where else did you go ?用do 作简略回答-Who wants a lift ? (搭便车） - I do.-How many students understood this ? -They all did.用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑问词后强调Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ?二、反意疑问句1、陈述句主语是-one, -body 时，疑问部分主语用theyNobody says a word, do they ?2、陈述句主语是-thing, this, that 时，疑问部分主语用itEverything seems all right, doesnt it ?3、陈述句主语是从句、动词不定式、动名词时，疑问部分用itSwimming is great fun, isnt it ?4、感叹句的反意疑问句 （感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。）What fine weather, isnt it?5、祈使句的反意疑问句Do that, will you ? (wont you )6、Lets , Let usLets go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ?7、ImIm interested in English, arent I ?8、I wishI wish I were you, may I ?9、含had better, would rather, would like to doYoud better come early, hadnt you ?Youd rather work than play, wouldnt you ?10、陈述句部分含下列否定词时，疑问部分用肯定few, little, hardly, never, no one, noThere is little ink in your pen, is there ?11、加前后缀构成的否定，疑问部分仍然用否定Its unfair, isnt it ?12、陈述部分有mustmust be 对现在情况进行推测He must be very tired, isnt he ?must have done (对过去推测） 有过去时间状语He must have come yesterday, didnt he ?must have done (由过去延续到现在）He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasnt he ?must + v. 一定要， 必须You must renew the book, neednt you ?13、当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。14、当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。15、当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。16、在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you?反意疑问句快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分Imarent IWishmay +主语no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词肯定含义ought to（肯定的）shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语have to+v.(had to+v.)dont +主语(didnt +主语)used todidnt +主语或 usednt +主语had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主语youd like to + v.wouldnt +主语感叹句中be +主语Neithernor,eitheror 连接的并列主语根据其实际逻辑意义而定指示代词或不定代词Everything/that/nothing/this主语用it并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定think, believe, expect,suppose, imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one复数they, 单数he情态动词dare或needneed (dare ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词do +主语省去主语的祈使句will you？Lets 开头的祈使句Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?there be相应的谓语动词+there (省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句1. Be sure to write to us, _?A. will you B. arent youC. can youD. mustnt you2. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will youC. didnt youD. dont you3. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _? (2000 上海)A. did they B. didnt theyC. did it D. didnt it4. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _?A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they5. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _?A. is heB. isnt heC. doesnt sheD. does she6. Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _? (02 上海春季) A. was thereB. wasnt thereC. didnt heD. did he7. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? （04上海） A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt be D. is he8. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?A. didnt they B. don t they C. mustnt they D. haven t they9. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _ ? A. wasnt there B. was thereC. didnt itD. did it10. He never said that he was good at mathematics, _ ?（05北京春季） A. was he B. wasnt he C. did he D. didnt heAnswers: 1-10 ABDCDCADAC三、否定句1. notand; notor; notnor, neithernorIts not tall and wide. (部分否定）Its not tall or wide. (全部否定）Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. （全部否定）2. no; not no - adv. -adj. = not a , not anySorry, theres no time to talk. not -adv.Ask him, not his wife.I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday.He failed not because he isnt clever but becausehe didnt work hard.3. no more (not any more);no longer (not any longer)Time lost will return no more. (动作的重复次数）He doesnt work here any longer.（动作的延续）4. no; none; no one :no 是一个限定词，用在单数（可数或不可数）名词和复数名词前面，也就是说一个名词前面没有冠词、物主代词或者代词的时候，才可以用它； 而在the , my, your, this, these, that等词前面，应该使用none of, none, 可指人或物， 而no one指人There were no letters for you this morning, Im afraid.None of my friends live near here.I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came. A little money is better than at all. (none)I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none)There is telling when he will be back. (no)-Who is in the room ? - . (No one)5.否定转移： 下列词后接从句，如果否定，否定词前移，但hope 例外， think, believe, expect, supposeI dont think that he will come.I hope that it wont rain.6.避免否定误用He asked me a second question beforeI answer the first one. A. could B. couldnt7.Nothing is + 比较级+ than to + V.Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V.例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事了。Nothing is more important than to receive education.8. 。cannot emphasize the importance of 。 too much.（再怎么强调. .的重要性也不为过。）例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.四、倒装句 全部倒装1.由here, there引起，谓语通常用 be, come, goLook ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell.2. 由介词短语引起，谓语通常用be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go, riseAlong the wall stand four big chairs.At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers.3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起，谓语通常用come, go, run, rush, flyOut rushed the boy.Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.4.以上情况主语如果是代词，主谓不倒装Heres your watch. (Here it is.)Up it went.5.由个别副词引起，谓语通常是be, lieNorth of the city lies (is) a railway.6. 由such引起， 谓语通常用beSuch is what he said. Such are his words.部分倒装指谓语的一部分放在主语之前而引起的倒装，通常是助动词或情态动词提前或连系动词提前1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起Seldom did he make any mistakes.Not until yesterday did I receive his letter.2. not onlybut also连接两个单句时，前面的倒装Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polite.3. neithernor连接两个单句时，两个句子都倒装Neither is he studying, nor is he working.4. no soonerthan, hardly (scarcely)whenNo sooner had we got into the room than the telephone rang.5. 由only + 状语， so + adj. (adv.) 引起Only then (Only at the age of 18) did he realize the importance of the problem.6. 由as引起Child as he is, he can work out the problem.7. 虚拟语气的倒装Were I you, I would work harder.Had you come yesterday, you would have known that.Should it rain tomorrow, you wouldnt leave. so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情态动词，助动词）+ 主语You should work harder and so should I.She hasnt been to Berlin and nor have I.-I went to the zoo yesterday. -So you did.-She is a tailor. -So is she. / So she is.五、祈使句1. do强调祈使句 Do have another cup of coffee.2. And可连接两个祈使句Wait and see.Come and see this goldfish.Try and (to) see his point of view.3. 祈使句 + and (or) + 简单句Hurry up, or youll be late.(If you dont hurry up, youll be late.)Use your head, and youll find a good way.(If you use your head, youll find a good way.)4.对祈使句的回答- Drive carefully! - (Yes,) I will.- Dont take any risk. - (No,) I wont.六、感叹句1. adj. (Subj. + be ) How lovely !How adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing !subj. +v. How you work !adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is!2. a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man !(+ adj.) + n. (可数名词复数）What What lovely flowers !( + adj.) + n. (不可数名词）What fine weather !七、省略与替代、动词不定式中的省略1在下列动词see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。2在do nothing but / except do 的结构中，在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。3在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。4在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。5在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ，be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。、从句中的省略。1在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected （ = if there are any mistakes）Please come again ，if possible（= if it possible for you to come）Fill in the proper articles where necessary（= where they are necessary）He wont come ，unless invited (= unless he is invited)He opened his lips as if to say something （= as if he were going to say something）2 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时，省略if。Were I you, I would not do it.Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.3 We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)If you dont go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)4宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which，whom等在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。、介词的省略prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth.have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth.、替代：省略与代替的作用是什么?1so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等2用not代替so的情况.3用不定式符号代替不定式.4用do在句子中代替其它动词.EXERCISES1.What about having a drink ? - . A. Go ahead, please.B. Help yourself. C. Good idea. D. Me, too.2.Waiter ! - . -I cant eat this. Its too salty.A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right D. Pardon ?3.You havent been to Beijing ,have you ? - . How I wish to go there ! A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. No, I have D. Yes, I havent4. it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When leftB. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave5. It was only when I received his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. then C. that D. so6. -I believe weve met somewhere before. -No, .A. it isnt the same B. it cant be trueC. I dont think so D. Id rather not7.Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realizeC. I didnt realize D. I realized8. Alice, you feed the bird today, ? - But I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you9. I just heard that the tickets for tonights show have been sold out.-Oh no ! .A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesnt matter C. I knew it already D. Its not at all interesting10. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A. which B. why C. that D. how11. Only when the war was over to his hometown.A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returnedC. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return12. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether13. Lets go swimming, shall we ? - . A. Its my pleasureB. It doesnt matter C. Yes, lets go D. I agree with you14. - I enjoyed the food very much. - Im glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like. - .A. Is it all right B. Im afraid I wont be free.C. Yes, I will D. Thats great15. Write to me when you get home. - .A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can16. Im afraid I cant finish the book within this week. - .A. Please go ahead B. Thats tightC. Not at all. D. Take your time17. Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor? - .A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. Why didnt you call earlier?C.Certainly. May I know your name? D. Sorry, he doesnt want to see you18. What a pity my new computer doesnt work. must be something wrong with it.A. It B. There C. This D. That19. One more week, we will accomplish the task.A. or B. so that C. and D. if20. - It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.- My god! . A. So did I B. So I didC. So were you D. So did you21.- My daughter has passed the exam.- Congratulations ! Shes really intelligent. - .A. No, no, she is nothing B. Oh, thank you!C. Sometimes she is intelligent D. You are right22. Would you rather come on Friday or Saturday? - .A. Yes, of course. B. The other is betterC. Whats the matter ? D. Either would suit me.23. You forgot to feed the cat again ? - .A. I cant remember. B. I dont mind feeding her again.C. Ill do it now. D. Yes, I did. What about you?24. Would you like to go to the Grand Theater with me tonight? - .A. No, I wouldnt B. Thats all rightC. Yes, I would like to go to the Grand Theater with you tonightD. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.25. Jane: Tom, let me introduce you to Lucy. - Tom: . - Lucy: Hi, Im Lucy Lee.A. Whats your name B. Hello C. Nice to see you.D. Sorry, not right now.26. Mum, Ive cut my finger. Its bleeding ! - . A. Let me seeB. Dont worry C. Be careful D. Let me have a look27. can you expect to get a pay rise. A. Although work hardB.With hard work C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works1-10 CABDC CBBAC 11-20 AACCC DCBCB 21-27 BDCDB DC