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Unit 4Sharing【热点话题】Society(社会)贫困生可否降低60分上清华体裁：议论文写作思路：引起话题贫困生“贫”在何处降分录取贫困生的危害【美文诵读】As_regards the news that poor students can enjoy 60 points decline when they are admitted to such advanced universities as Tsinghua University，I feel rather surprised and puzzled.As_is_known_to_everyone，what_makes“poor”students_poor_is_that_their_families_are_poor_not_that_their_intelligence_is_poor. What they actually need should be financial help rather than the decline of points.History never lacked such poor students who achieved great success in exams.As we know，hardship and suffering are what it takes for great talented figures to grow up.In_terms_of this，poverty just provides the right environment for the poor to grow into great figures.Whats worse，this socalled kind means may lead_to more unfairness because many people may try every means to change their identification，pretending_that_they_are_poor.All in all，I totally disagree with it.【学海拾贝】按要求完成或翻译下列句子。1至于这次旅行，我们现在不能做任何决定。(as regards)As_regards_the_travel，we_cant_make_any_decisions_now2将句用强调句型改为同义词。As is known to everyone, it_is_their_families_not_their_intelligence that makes“poor”students poor.3就钱来说他很富有，但就友情来说就不然了。(in terms of)In_terms_of_money，hes quite rich，but not in_terms_of_friendship4在一定条件下，一件坏事可以导致好的结果。(lead to)In given conditions，a bad thing may_lead_to_good_results5他坐在那儿，假装看书。(现在分词作伴随状语)。He sat there，pretending_to_be_reading_a_book.按要求写出下列单词1门诊部，小诊所n.clinic2宇航员，太空人n.astronaut3裁缝；缝制，定做 n& vtailor4周年纪念(日) nanniversary5树干，躯干，大衣箱n.trunk6航空邮件 nairmail7两星期 nfortnight8平台，讲台，月台n.platform9特权，特别优待n.privilege10遥远的，偏僻的adj.remote11安全，保护， 保障n. security安全的，牢固的adj. secure12调整，使适合v. adjust调整 nadjustment可调整的adj. adjustable13参与，参加v. participate参加，参与n. participation参加者，参与者n. participant14志愿的adj. voluntary志愿者n. volunteer15技能，技巧n.skill熟练的adj. skilled用所给单词的适当形式填空。1They encouraged the participants to participate in the singing performances after the contest.(participate)2The company was in deep financial difficulties because no other company financed its new project and the_finance for its operation came from a bank loan.(finance)3The road was so muddy that when I arrived at the village，there was mud all over my trousers.(mud)4They distributed their products over New York by trucks and the distribution took them a long time.(distribute)5The school bus was donated to them by a motor company and they received donations from other companies as well.(donate).翻译下列短语1迫切想要；渴望 be_dying_for/to_do_sth.2收到某人的来信 hear_from_sb.3多达；胜任；取决于up_to4肯定如此，毫无疑问 for_sure5在困难中，在危急中in_need6需要in_need_of7伸出 stick_out8(使浸水之物)完全变干 dry_out9(指河流、井等)干涸 dry_up10对有影响/有关系make_a_difference选用上述短语完成下列短文。I (1) heard_from Mary yesterday，and she suggested that I should do something to help the villagers (2) in_need_of food and clothes.Reading her letter，I (3) was_dying_to collect money and persuade my neighbors to donate some clothes to the villagers.I think we can (4) make_a_difference if everyone does his bit for the poor.重点句型1To be honest，I doubt whether Im making any difference to these boys lives at all.(p.29)老实说，我怀疑我是否对这些孩子的生活产生影响。to be honest“说实在的”，在句子中作独立状语，常位于句首。相同用法的表达还有：to be fair/frank/brief/exact；honestly/fairly/frankly/exactly speaking。To_be_honest，we dont have a chance of winning.说实话，我们没有获胜的可能。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)To_be_honest(说实话)，I dont want to go to the party tonight.(2)To_be_fair(公平地说)，some studies do suggest a cancer risk associated with cellphone usage.(3)He came back home very late last night，or early this morning to_be_exact(确切地说)2It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family.(p.30)跟汤贝一家度过一天，真是荣幸之至。It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是荣幸/做某事非常难得It_was_a_privilege_to work with such a great scientist.能与如此伟大的科学家一起工作真是一种荣幸。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)It_is_a_great_privilege(很荣幸)for me to give you a talk here.(2)It_was_a_privilege_to_attend_the_ceremony(出席这个仪式是个极大的荣誉)3The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(p.34)你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有需要的人一项捐助。not.but.连接两个并列的表语，意为“不是而是”。not that.but that.不是因为而是因为He looked at it carefully and saw that it was not a rope but a snake.他仔细一看，原来那不是一条绳子，而是一条蛇。模仿造句用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)我讨厌英语，不是因为英语难学，而是因为我的英语老师给我们布置太多的作业。I_hated_English_not_that_English_was_difficult_to_learn_but_that_our_teacher_gave_us_too_much_homework.(2)这个礼物不是给你的，而是给你妈妈的。This_gift_is_not_for_you_but_for_your_mother.用上述句型翻译下列小片段。说实话，我的确认为能去北京学习对我而言真是三生有幸，这倒不是因为北京有许多风景名胜，而是因为北京是一个多元文化的城市，在那里我可以拓宽视野。To_be_honest，I_do_think_it_is_a_privilege_for_me_to_study_in_Beijing.It_is_not_that_Beijing_has_many_places_of_interest，but_that_Beijing_is_a_multicultural_city_where_I_can_broaden_my_horizon. 1句中有now, look(你瞧)，listen(你听)等信息词，动词用进行时态；句中有如in 2020，two years ago等确切的表示过去的时间状语，动词用过去式；句中有如so far，in the last(past)few months(years)等时间状语时，谓语用现在完成时。句子有by the end of过去时间，谓语用过去完成时态。句中有by the end of将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。如：In the past few weeks，we have finished two thirds of the job.So far we have known everything behind the accident.In 2020，SARS hit China，causing many deaths.By the end of last year we had learned 3，000 English words.By the end of the year，well have finished the project.2动词的语态、语气也是语法填空题的必考内容。如果可以确认句子的主语是动作的承受者，或所需填入的谓语动词后面有by，就应该用被动语态。对含有条件状语从句的复合句，需仔细分析主从句的动词形式，只要确认主句或从句中有一个谓语用了虚拟语气，就可以肯定另一动词也用虚拟语气。另外，要注重分析句子结构，看清句中是否有谓语动词。如果句中没有谓语动词，在填入动词时应考虑动词的时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。如果句中有谓语动词，空格处就应考虑填非谓语动词。【例】 Tom_(fire) because of his carelessness.解析：不难看出全句的意思是：由于太粗心，汤姆被解雇了。答案：was fired【例】 If you had followed my advice，you _(pass) the examination.解析：条件从句中的谓语had followed，表示与过去事实相反，是虚拟语气，主句的谓语要与之呼应，所以答案为 would have passed。答案：would have passed【例】 _(frighten) by the fire，the cat ran onto the top of the building.解析：句中有谓语动词ran，空格处考虑填非谓语动词。后有by，用过去分词表被动。答案：Frightened用所给动词的适当形式填空。1Had I known your address，I_would_have_sent(send) the book to your home.2The bridge_built(build) by the ancient Chinese still remains in good condition now.3By the time she comes back，I_will_have_finished(finish) all my work.4The man_walking(walk) on the country road was the first doctor willing to work in this village.5Tom_was_expected(expect) to win the first place in the speaking competition.6In the last few weeks，my son_has_read(read) over 10 English novels.7I_taught(teach) in Hunan 20 years ago.8Two shopping malls_have_been_built(build) in this country so far.9Listen！Who is_singing(sing) upstairs?10Look！The children_are_enjoying(enjoy) themselves in the garden.Some are singing，others are dancing，and still others_are_admiring(admire) the beautiful flowers.第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。AThe best man I know is my father.He is quite simply the best man I have ever met.My dad is a trained cardiologist(心脏病专家) who turned to focusing his practice on addiction medicine (成瘾性药) much later in his medical career.He was the first physician trained in how to chemically help patients to give up drug addiction，using another medicine in the state of Virginia.His practice developed very wellhe helped to save hundreds of lives which he was able to touch, though he didnt earn much money.At first I was surprised that my dad decided to discontinue his cardiology practice.Wasnt cardiology more respected than working with addicts？Wasnt he nervous about working with such kind of people？Over time，I realized that my dads choice contained a philosophy that my sister and I were raised with and that serves as the faith in his own life: Always treat people in the same wayregardless of gender，economic status，sex, life history and beliefswe are all people and we all deserve love and more importantly, a second chance in life.My dad has touched more lives than I can count.He has treated each patient equally with the promise that he can help them fight against their addiction. His faith has set so many people on the road to recovery.His willingness to help people has meant so much to so many people.On my dads 68th birthday I wrote this article to him and wanted to say thanks to my dad.Thanks for being a hero to so many people and for teaching me one of the most important lessons in my lifeJudgment on others does nothing but cloud our own thinking and hurt others.No one is better than the next person and we are all human beings that want and need the same help，acceptance and love.1What is the profession of the authors father?AHe is a medical worker.BHe is a philosopher.CHe is a physicist. DHe is a chemist.2What is the authors idea about his fathers medical service at first?AWorking with addicts is more respected than cardiology.BCardiology is more respected than working with addicts.CHe feels nervous about working together with addicts.DWorking with addicts can make more money than cardiology.3The authors father turned to his medical practice because of_Ahis economic situationBpersonal goal in lifeChis philosophy in lifeDofficial order from the government4Why did the author write this passage?ATo express his thanks to his father.BTo pass on his fathers career.CTo encourage his father.DTo encourage the patients.语篇解读：作者的父亲是一位心脏病专家，然而为了挽救更多的生命，他改变了自己的专业，转而去医治吸毒人员。后来，作者意识到父亲的这种改变完全是源自于他内心深处的人生观人人都是平等的。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句，我们可以知道，作者父亲的职业是一名医务工作者。答案：A2解析：细节理解题。根据第二段作者提出的两个疑问，我们可以看出，在作者看来，从事心脏病的治疗比从事治疗吸毒人员的工作更令人尊敬。答案：B3解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分，我们可以知道，作者的父亲改变自己的工作内容是因为自己的人生观念。答案：C4解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段的第一句，我们可以知道，作者写这篇文章是为了表达对父亲的感激之情。答案：ABIn the United States，we often say that “dogs are mans best friends”While it is true that dogs are popular pets，it is also true that in some parts of the world, a dog bite can trigger a painful death.In fact，about 70，000 people worldwide die of rabies every year.Rabies is a viral infection that people get mainly through dog bites.It is uncommon in the West.But in India，and other parts of Asia and subSaharan Africa，dogs that have not received antirabies vaccine(疫苗)continue to threaten public health.After a rabid dog bites someone，the virus invades the persons central nervous system. Victims develop a severe and irrational(无理性的)fear of water.They shake violently.Then they go into a coma and almost always die.However，the rabies virus is not immediately active in the human body.It is usually inactive for at least 10 days after a bite. Sometimes it remains silent for months.This is called an incubation period.During incubation，vaccination can still prevent infection.Scientists say vaccinating dogs can effectively get rid of rabies outbreaks in dog populations. And this will have a domino effect.But many developing countries do not have dog vaccination systems in place.Therefore，rabies still kills 70，000 people around the world every year.Most victims are children.Animal scientists are calling for mass vaccination of dogs as a way to get rid of rabies.One example of where this worked very well is in the African country of Tanzania.Public health officials there set up dog vaccination centers in 180 villages.Before the vaccination centers were set up，there were，on average，50 rabies deaths every year in Tanzania.After the centers began working，that number dropped to nearly zero.Guy Palmer is the director of the School forGlobal Animal Health at Washington State University.He coauthored the study in Tanzania.Mr Palmer says researchers found that vaccinating 70 percent of dogs wiped out rabies as a human threat.5What does the underlined word “trigger”in Paragraph 1 mean?ALead to BTake overCConsist of DWipe out6It is implied in Paragraph 2 that_Apeople in the West dont fear dogsBpeople will suffer once affected by rabiesCrabies is usually not deadly to humansDthere are more dogs in Asia than in the West7What does the domino effect mentioned in Paragraph 4 refer to?APeople in other countries will vaccinate dogs against rabies.BMore developing countries will kill dogs with rabies.CFewer people will like raising dogs as their pets.DVaccinating dogs means fewer people with rabies.8The example of the African country of Tanzania is mentioned to show that_Ait is actually very easy to prevent rabies outbreaksBdogs can be a mans best friends instead of dangersCmass vaccination of dogs can really help to get rid of rabiesDdeveloping countries are trying to prevent rabies outbreaks语篇解读：狂犬病会危及人的生命，给狗注射疫苗可以有效防止狂犬病的爆发。5解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“In fact，about 70，000 people worldwide die of rabies every year.”可知这里是指狂犬病可以“导致”非常痛苦的死亡。答案：A6解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“Victims develop a severe and irrational fear of water.They shake violently.Then they go into a coma and almost always die.”可知，狂犬病发作后，感染者会经历一个非常痛苦的过程。答案：B7解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，狗感染狂犬病病毒后，如果咬人，人也会感染这种病毒，从而造成人的死亡，而给狗注射疫苗可以避免这种连锁反应，故选D项。答案：D8解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“After the centers began working，that number dropped to nearly zero.”可知，提到这个例子是为了说明大面积地给狗注射疫苗可以有效避免狂犬病的发生。答案：C第二节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。It was Mothers Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were _1_，we realized that only minutes earlier an _2_ woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground._3_was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock._4_ a lot of people stopped to help out.While we were _5_ towards the scene，Tenyson became very _6_about what had happened to the elderly couple.He _7_to me，“Mom，its not much fun falling over in front of_8_ .” Seeing that there was a flower stall(摊位) at the front of the supermarket，he added，“Why shouldnt we _9_the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was_10_that hed come up with this_11_ idea.So we went over and told the flower_12_what we wanted.“Just take it，” she replied.“I_13_take your money for such a wonderful _14_.”By now medical staff had arrived，and were _15_ the injured woman.We gave the flower to the womans husband and I told him it was _16_my son.At that time, the old man started crying and said，“Thank you very much.” He then turned to me，“You have a _17_son.Happy Mothers Day to you.”The man bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from._18_being badly hurt，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with _19_ in her eyes and gave him a little _20_. 1A.leaving BdrivingCmoving Dstopping2A.injured BawkwardChonest Delderly3A.Her husband BMy sonCThe crowd DThe seller4A.Specifically BParticularlyCInterestingly DFortunately5A.driving BmovingCwalking Djumping6A.guilty BcuriousCangry Dworried7A.complained BsaidClied Dresponded8A.no one BsomeoneCeveryone Danyone9A.lend BbringCleave Dbuy10A.amazed BshockedCpuzzled Dconcerned11A.wise BsweetCinnocent Dcrazy12A.child BstudentCseller Dbuyer13A.must not BcantCmay not Dneednt14A.scene BhabitCflower Ddeed15A.checking with Blooking afterCoperating on Dpaying for16A.from BtoCwith Dabout17A.respectful BcheerfulCsuccessful Dwonderful18A.Out of BRegardless ofCThanks to DAs to19A.love BhopeCpity Dpain20A.idea BmoneyCsmile Dcomfort语篇解读：本文讲述了母亲节那一天，作者的儿子给一位摔倒在地的老人送了一朵花，令大家都非常感动。1解析：根据“I was shopping at the local supermarket with my fiveyearold son.woman had fallen over at the entrance ”可知，在出口处遇见老人，说明他们正离开超市准备回家了。答案：A2解析：根据下文的“the elderly couple”可知她是一个老人。答案：D3解析：根据下文“the elderly couple”可知他们是一对夫妻。答案：A4解析：句意：她流了很多血，到处都是。这让她很尴尬，但幸运的是很多人都停下来帮助她。答案：D5解析：句意：当我们朝着事发地点走过去的时候，我儿子很担心这位老人。答案：C6解析：根据常识，此处应是指担心这位老人。其他选项不符合语境。答案：D7解析：say to sb.“对某人说”。其他选项不符合语境。答案：B8解析：根据常识，老人摔倒躺在地上是所有人都看到的。答案：C9解析：根据常识及下文“flower seller”“take your money”可知。答案：D10解析：作者儿子才5岁，他能够想到这个主意，让作者很惊讶。答案：A11解析：sweet “甜的；愉快的，快乐的”，符合语境。答案：B12解析：句意：我们告诉卖花的人我们想要的东西。答案：C13解析：句意：卖花的人说：“我不能收你们的钱，因为你们做的是一件很棒的事情。”答案：B14解析：见第13题解析。deed“事情，行为”。答案：D15解析：check with“核对”；look after “照顾”；operate on“做手术”；pay for“付钱”。根据常识可知，救护人员来了应该是在照顾着老人。答案：B16解析：此处选from表示花的来源。答案：A17解析：句意：老人哭着对我说：“谢谢你，你有一个很棒的儿子。母亲节快乐。”答案：D18解析：句意：尽管受了伤，她还是带着爱意抬头看着我的儿子，朝着他微笑。答案：B19解析：根据文意，作者的儿子给老人送花，老人应是眼带爱意地看着他。答案：A20解析：见第18题解析。答案：C第三节语法填空阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Several years ago，our school had an international communication program.I 1._(choose) to be one of the members.For me，studying abroad for one year is probably 2._ best decision I have ever made.The international environment helped me to get to know different cultures and to look at the world 3._a different point of view.During my exchange semester in Turkey，I learned 4._ to overcome cultural barriers.I got to know the beautiful country, 5._has a great culture，delicious food and wonderful people.Living in the country without 6._(know) its native language also made me an independent and confident person.In Germany，I did an internship(实习) where I had the opportunity to learn German and to apply communication theories into practice.The 7._ (free) I had during my internship helped me to find out what I like and what I do not like in the field of communication and 8._ which direction I want to go in my future career.Being abroad for one year is 9._(absolute) a great opportunity to get to know people from all over the world and to build a lifelong international network. 10._was an amazing experience that I will always remember.语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在国外参加一次交换生的活动，从这次活动中他学到了很多。1解析：考查时态和语态。根据上文的时间状语“Several years ago”可知要用一般过去时；I与choose之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态。答案：was chosen2解析：考查冠词。最高级前best要用定冠词the修饰。答案：the3解析：考查介词。from a different point of view意为“从不同的角度”。答案：from4解析：考查疑问代词。根据语境可知此处意为：我学会了怎样克服文化差异。答案：how5解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文提到的country。答案：which6解析：考查非谓语动词。without用作介词，后接动名词形式。答案：knowing7解析：考查词性转换。定冠词the后要接名词，故用free的名词形式freedom。答案：freedom8解析：考查介词。in the direction意为“朝某个方向”。答案：in9解析：考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词要用副词形式。答案：absolutely10解析：考查代词。it指代上文的“being abroad for one year”。答案：It
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