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Unit 3The Million Pound Bank Note问题三：词义猜测和细节理解类常见问题高考阅读理解中比重最大也是比较基础的题型就是词义猜测和细节理解题，这类题是考生争取的重点，它要求考生快速而准确地获取信息，从而拿到最基本的分数。考生最常见的问题就是见到生单词就头脑发蒙，无法从已知信息中找到有用的线索，从而造成失分。因为本节内容较重要，所以我用较多篇幅来讲解一下。例题精析【例1】 (2020;2020广东卷B篇)We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured_up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that tendollar grand prize，each and every one of us. Im going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich.(A)The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.Aformed an idea for Bmade an outline forCmade some space for Dchose some colors for【答案解析】 选择A。词义猜测题。上下句是Some.Others.句子，while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”，所以A项正确。【例2】 (2020;2020全国卷A篇)I know what youre thinking: pizza(比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the am. if you want to.(A)The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means _Afood remaining after a meal Bthings left undoneCmeals made of vegetables Dpizza topped with fruit【答案解析】 选择A。词义猜测题。根据画线单词之前的last nights可以猜测划线单词的意思应为“(前一天晚上的)剩饭”。【例3】 (2020;2020陕西卷A篇)There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our_legs_were_like_jelly.(A)The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means _.Awe were weak Bwe were unhappyCwe were dissatisfied Dwe were disappointed【答案解析】 词义猜测题。根据There was no shade and our legs were aching可知“我们很累很虚弱”，故A项正确。【例4】 (2020;2020重庆卷A篇)I arrived at my mothers home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was perparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of on box. I pulled it out. “What is this？” I asked.“Oh？”Mom said, “Thats Mamas quilt.”I spread the quilt. It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together: irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.(C)1.Why did the author go to mothers home?ATo see her mothers quiltsBTo help prepare for a showCTo get together for the family dinnerDTo discuss her grandmothers life(C)2.The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means _. Aunfinished Bbroken Cbent Dunusual【答案解析】1细节理解题。由文章的第一句可知作者回母亲家是为了参加家庭聚餐，故C项正确。2词义猜测题。前面的情况都与一条好的quilt的特点相反，所以crooked的意思应该和其相反，故C项正确。【例5】 (2020;2020安徽卷C篇)How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The most difficult is to control your fear. Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so its difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.(B)1.The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _.Ato tie ropes to your Bto control your fearCto move away from the wall Dto climb straight up(B)2.The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _.Asettlement Bexercise Cexcitement Dtiredness【答案解析】1选择B。细节理解题。根据its difficult not to feel fear可知，人们在攀墙时很难控制自己的恐惧。2选择B。词义猜测题。第二段第一句中exercise点明本词意义，这种运动给你身体完全的锻炼。解决方案与指南阅读理解中词义猜测题和细节理解题出题知识分类总结如下：1.词义猜测题(1)常用提问方式According to the passage, probably means _The author uses the word to mean _What does the underlined word refer to?The word (phrase, clause，.). refers to (most probable means)._What does the word.in Para.stand for?What does the writer mean when he says，“.”？Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word.as it is used in the text?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word.?(2)解题方法猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。利用定义如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。结合同位如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 am.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。前后对比She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。巧借构词(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)Perhaps, we can, see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility意思是“可能性”。联系因果The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。2细节理解题文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章地堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，从而得出答案。(1)常用提问方式In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned?It is commonly accepted that.All the statements are true EXCEPT _.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.The reason for., is that.How would you describe the end of.?Choose the right order of the events given in the following.Which of the following maps shows the right position of.?Which statement is true?What does the writer pay least attention to?(2)解题方法平时训练应学会带着问题寻找答案的方法。将注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节或数字方面。略读材料，大概了解文章，注意作者表例证的词或短语，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, etc.按文章题材，预测到何处找自己需要的事实。把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节，找到后，放慢速度、细读要查找的内容，特别注意表因果或转折的词或短语，如because, for, since, as, therefore, and, as a result；but，however, while, though, yet, on the other hand, etc.直击高考与警示高考阅读理解文章的材料一般都出自英美国家阅读材料原文或作适当修改，体现原汁原味。而文章更加注重语言材料的真实性。
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