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Unit 20 Humour考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:1. 重点单词与短语humour; humourous; bitter; chalk; couple; minister; circus; intend; stage; nationality; certain; amuse; laughter; accent; actually; typical; tradition; rapid; appreciate; exist; phrase; suffer; operate; direction; brake; cyclist; fortunately; bicycle; silence; rude; confuse; confused; make fun of; date back; make use of; drive off; be on good terms with sb.; look on as; take notes of; stand for; go against; year after year; in the direction of; in surprise; to ones joy句型The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story. v-ing 做定语I remember that the last time we met I did most of the talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time. the last time引导时间状语从句。语法：The v-ing Form as Attribute and Complement 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握bitter; couple; intend; stage; certain; amuse; accent; actually; typical; tradition; appreciate; exist; suffer; operate; direction; fortunately; silence; rude; confuse; confused; make fun of; date back; make use of; drive off; be on good terms with sb.; look on as; take notes of; stand for; go against; year after year; in the direction of; in surprise; to ones joy等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握v-ing 做定语的用法；the last time引导时间状语从句的用法和现在分词作宾补的用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳I would like to reach a wide audience, tough I mostly have adults in mind.mind的用法：构词：evil-minded 存心不良的low-minded 卑鄙的small-minded 气量小的strong-minded 意志坚强的absent-minded 心不在焉地知识梳理：(1)n. 头脑,智力He has a brilliant mind.他智力超群。记忆力It completely slipped my mind.对此,我一点也记不起来了。意向He has a good mind to quit that job.他很想辞去那份工作。主意;意见,想法Two days later he changed his mind.两天后他改变主意了。精神,心I have your safety in mind.我记挂着你的安全。(2)vt.注意,留意Mind the wet paint.当心油漆未干。Mind your head,当心你的头。(用于否定句和疑问句中)介意,反对Do you mind if I put my bag here?我把袋子放在这儿你不介意吧?Would you mind switching the television to channel 8?请把电视转到八频道好吗?She wouldnt mind taking care of our children.她不会介意照料我们的孩子的。照料,看管Your son can mind your shop for you.你儿子可以替你照管商店。(3)vi. 介意If you dont mind Ill open the window.如果你不介意,我就开窗。相关归纳：(1)never mind 别难过；没关系；不重要Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.非常抱歉让你等了那么久。Never mind. 没关系。(2)be in / have a good mind to do sth 极想，极有意I have a good mind to see you.我极其想见到你。(3)be of / in a / one mind 意见一致As to where to spend the holiday, we are of a mind.对于去那里度假，我们意见一致。(4)be out of ones mind 精神不正常，发疯；忘记He must be out of his mind, wearing a jacket on a snowy day.他一定疯了， 在下雪的日子里穿一件夹克衫。(5) bear / keep.in mind 记住，记在心里We should keep it in mind that getting up early is good for health.我们应该记住早起对健康有益处。(6)bring / call.to ones mind 想起，回忆起The picture brought the childhood to my mind.这张照片使我回忆起了童年。(7)change ones mind 改变想法主意；变卦At the last moment, he changed his mind.在最后一刻钟他改变了注意。(8)come to / into ones mind 浮现在某人的脑海中A good idea came to my mind.我相出了一个好主意。(9)make up ones mind 决心，打定主意；接受，承认I made up to catch the early bus.我下决心要赶上早班车。2. The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.amuse vt. 给娱乐(消遣); 使喜欢(高兴); 逗乐(笑)派生词:amusement n. 娱乐；消遣；娱乐活动amused adj. 愉快的；开心的；好玩的amusing adj. 有趣的相关归纳：(1)amuse oneself with 以自娱(2)be amused at/by/with 以为乐；对觉得有趣(好笑)(3)be amused to do sth. 做取乐I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks.看见海豹表演技巧我感到很高兴。The children amused themselves by playing hide-and- seek games.孩子们玩捉迷藏游戏取乐。3.what do you intend to do?intend：vt意欲,打算; 原本是要；原意要派生词:intending adj. 预期的；未来的intended adj. 预期的；有意的；已订婚的intention n. 意图，打算，目的；意义，用意intentional adj. 故意的，有意的，存心的intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地相关归纳：(1)intend to do sth/doing sthIve made a mistake, though I didnt intend to/ mean to.我错了，虽然我不愿意。(2)intend sb. to doHe intends his son to manage the company.他打算让儿子经营公司。(3)intend thatHe intends that the plan should be put into practice within a year.他有意让这个计划在一年之内付诸实践。(4)intend sth for sbI intended these flowers for you.我打算把这些花送给你的。(5)be intended for/ asThis book was intended for you, but he took it away.这本书是要给你的，但让他拿走了。(6)be intended to doThis was intended to be a picture of a cat.这本应是一张猫的画像。(7) have no intention of doing无意做I have no intention of going to the wedding.我不想去参加婚礼。(8) with the intention of 抱有目的，打算He left England with the intention of traveling in France.他离开英国打算去法国旅游。(9) without intention 无意中，不是故意地He broke the window without intention.他无意之中把玻璃弄碎了。4.certain 的用法派生词:certainly adv. 的确，(口语)当然行certainty n. 确实确定(性)；确知，确信相关归纳：(1)It is certain that. ”是肯定无疑的It is certain that he is honest.他是个诚实的人是确定无疑的。(2) be certain of / about确信，深信He is certain of his success.他自信能成功。(3) be certain to do sth必然，一定He is certain to win the first prize.他一定会赢得一等奖的。(4) be not certain whether.不能确定是否(5) for certain 肯定地，确凿地(6) make certain of / about把弄清楚，把弄确实I will go to the theatre and make certain of seats.我要到戏院去把我们的座位定好（以便有把握到开演时有座位）(7) make certain that. 保证Youd better make certain that his plane takes off at 8:00.你最好证实一下他的飞机确实是在8点起飞。注意certain还可以放在名词前做定语，表示 某个，某些What we are talking about is a certain person I met yesterday.我们在谈论的是我昨天遇到的某一个人。The club meets on certain days every month.俱乐部成员每月于某些确定的日期聚会。For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.因为某些原因，我不能出席这次会议。A certain Mr. Brown telephoned you while you were out.你出去的时候，有个叫布朗的先生来过电话。5. Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.drive的用法：(1)驾驶,开车送某人去I dont know how to drive a carriage.我不会驾马车。The man got into the car and drove off.那名男子钻进了汽车就开走了。Hell drive us to the airport.他会开车送我们去机场。(2)驱赶（动物或人）They were determined to drive the enemy off.他们决心把敌人赶走。He drove the sheep up the hill.他把羊群往山上赶。(3)（指风或水）卷、刮、冲The gale drove the ship out of its course.大风把船吹出了航道。The rain was driving in our faces.雨扑面而来。(4)使或逼（某人）处于某种状态或做某事He was driven by necessity to steal.他迫不得已而偷窃。The noise will drive me mad.这噪音会使我发疯的。(5) 把(钉,桩等)打入We first drove the stakes into the ground.我们首先把桩打入地里。注意：drive还可以做名词Lets go for a drive in the country.我们开车去郊外兜兜风吧。6. To appreciate the jokes of crosstalk artists, listeners have to appreciate vt. 鉴赏，欣赏；感谢；意识到派生词:appreciator n. 鉴别(赏)者；赏识者appreciation n. 欣赏；评价；了解；感激appreciative adj. 赞赏的；有欣赏力的；感激的知识梳理:(1)欣赏,赏识Her talent for music was not appreciated.她的音乐才能无人赏识。(2)感谢,感激They deeply appreciated his kindness.他们对他的好意深表感谢。(3)体会,领会,察知You cant fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。(4)体恤，体谅，体念You dont seem to appreciate how busy I am.你似乎不能体会我多么忙。I appreciate your problem, but I dont think I can help.我理解你的困难，但却爱莫能助。相关归纳：(1)appreciate sth/doing sthI really appreciate your offering help to me.我真的感激你给我提供帮助。(2)I would appreciate it if 从句I would appreciate it if you could keep silent.如果你能保持沉默的话我将非常感激。I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour.如果你能帮忙，我会非常感激的。注意：appreciate 与 thank的区别appreciate 的宾语只能是事情搭配为appreciate sth/doing sththank的宾语只能是人搭配是thank sb for sth/doing sth .7.Is this the operating table on which he was operated?operate 派生词:operation手术，操作operator操作员，接线员operational adj. 可使用的知识梳理:(1)运转,起作用 viThe sleeping pill operated at once.安眠药立刻起作用了。This sewing machine doesnt operate properly.这台缝纫机无法正常工作。(2)操作, 经营, 管理 vtCan you operate this computer?你能操作这台电脑吗？The company operates ten factories.这家公司管理10个工厂。(3)动手术 viThe surgeon decided to operate on her.医生决定给她做手术。相关归纳：(1) operate on sb for sth 给某人做手术治某种病(2) perform an operation on sb for sth给某人做手术治某种病(3)in operation 有效；使用中(4)come into operation 开始工作；开始生效(5)put sth into operation实施8. Dating back to the Qin Dynasty, the traditional crosstalk shows have made people all over China laugh for centuries.date的用法：(1)n. 日期，（和异性的约会）Has the date of the meeting been fixed?开会的日期决定了吗？(2)v. 注明的日期；约会His last letter was dated 24May.他最后一封信的日期是5月24日。Theyve been dating for a long time.他们一直频频约会。I have a date with my girlfriend tonight.我今晚和女朋友有个约会。相关归纳：(1)out of date不再流行的，过时的；过期的Will denim jeans ever go out of date?粗布牛仔裤会过时吗？(2)up to date现代的，时髦的She wears clothes that are right up to date.她穿着最时髦的衣服(3) date back to /from追溯到，始于This temple dates back to the 14th century.这座庙宇建于14世纪。The Great Wall dates from the third century BC.长城始建于公元前三世纪。9. The story of how I got my new job, and came to be on such good terms with my boss is a funny one.term 的用法：(1)期,期限They were sentenced to long terms in prison.他们被判长期徒刑。(2)学期Are there any examinations at the end of term?学期结束时有考试吗?(3)任期The Presidents term of office is four years.总统任期为四年。(4) (契约,谈判等的)条件;条款We accepted the new terms.我们接受了新的条件。相关归纳：（1）be on good terms with sb. 和某人关系好We are on good terms with our neighbors.我们与邻居和睦相处。(2）come to terms with 甘心忍受To succeed, we will come to terms with difficulties.为了成功我们甘心忍受各种困难。(3) in terms of 用什么术语The book is written in terms of simple language.这本书是用通俗的语言写的。10. We looked at each other for a moment in great surprise.Look短语归纳：(1) look back on/upon回想；记起Looking back on the old days can benefit us,回忆过去对我们有益处。(2) look down on 轻视；看不起We should not look down on manual labor.我们不应该轻视体力劳动。(3) look forward to 盼望；期待They were looking forward to the summer vacation.他们正盼望着暑假来临。Im looking forward to seeing you.我盼望见到你。(4) look on旁观Two men were fighting while people looked on.两个人在打架，但大家都袖手旁观。(5) look out注意=watch outDanger! Look out. 危险！请注意。(6) look through浏览；审查I have to look through my notebooks for the exam.为了考试我必须把笔记复习一遍。I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。(7) look up 查找；寻访到；探访(某人)；好转If you dont know a word, you can look it up in a dictionary.如果你有不识的字,可以查字典。The weather is looking up, so we may go out this coming Sunday.天气正在好转，因此这个周日我们可以出去玩。(8) look up to 尊敬The students all looked up to the old philosophy teacher.学生们都很尊敬那位哲学老教授。(9) look over瞭望；越过看I looked over my shoulder and found a person lying on the ground.我向后看看到了一个人躺在地上。(10)look on.as 把看作I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!我决定把整个事件看成一个大笑话。I look on her as a promising pianist.我认为她是一个很有前途的钢琴家。Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?你认为他是这方面的权威吗？(11) look into往里看；调查The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.委员会正在调查这次事故的原因。注意：查字典的正确表达方法：(1)look sth. up in the dictionaryYou can look up the new word in the dictionary when you meet with them.碰见生单单词的时候你可以在字典里面查找它的意思。(2)refer to (the dictionary/the note)查阅字典或笔记He often refer to his notes when making a speech.演讲的时候他经常看讲稿。(3)consult the dictionary查阅字典You can consult the dictionary when you meet new words.碰见生单单词的时候你可以在字典里面查找它的意思。概念提示重点/热点1：I remember that the last time we met I did most of the talking, so perhaps I should Iet you do the talking this time.句中 the last time 为连词引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的词组有as soon as, hardly.when, no sooner.than, the moment, by the time, every time, each time 等。The last time I saw him, he was reading a book in the reading room.最后一次我见到他时他正在阅览室里读书。The moment I saw him, I recognised him.我一见到他，就认出了他。He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他刚写完论文，灯就熄了。No sooner had she arrived than she went away again.她刚到就又走了。Every time I had a problem, I would turn to Mr. Wang for help.每一次遇到问题，我都会向王老师求助。易混易错点1：现在分词做定语：现在分词在句中都可以作定语，在语态上，现在分词表主动，在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，例：boiling water (主动、进行)单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。China is a developing country.中国十一个发展中国家有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，如：There is nothing interesting in todays paper.They can see everything happening on the line.Is there anything interesting in the book?分词短语置于被修饰词之后The pen lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son.其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述两句可改为：The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.The boy who is making faces is my son.现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动作或状态。Can you see the star moving in the sky?There is a piano standing in the corner.如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)break 的动作是先发生上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：.who broke the window.Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)Do you know anyone who lost money. (V)因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替，即：定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例：Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster?The hospital which stands /standing across the street was set up last year.(stands 表示一个经常性的状态)动名词作定语动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。例；a writing table = a table for writing (动名词)a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （现在分词）a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （动名词）a waiting room = a room for waiting （动名词）drinking water = water for drinking （动名词）No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. （动名词）That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （动名词）The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （现在分词）All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water. (现在分词)从上述看，单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系，只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。易混易错点2：现在分词做宾补（1） 用于 see, watch look at feel find notice observe listen to hear smell 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词后， 表示宾语正在进行的动作。I hear someone knocking at the door.我听到有人在敲门。(2) 用在含“ 使”， “让” 意义的动词后表宾语持续的动作They keep me waiting for a long time.他们让我等了很长一段时间。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. Id appreciate _ you could help me with my English.A. it B. that C. if D. it if变式1. I _ Mr. Wang helping me with my English.A. thanked B. owed C. appreciated D .admired变式2 I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time解析：1. appreciate 后接从句时要用it做形式宾语在跟从句做真正的宾语。所以答案选D.变式1. thank 的结构为：thank sb. For doing sth. ; appreciate的结构为： appreciate sth./ ones doing sth.所以答案为：C变式2. 本题考查appreciate的用法搭配。此处appreciate意为“欣赏”，其后不能接动词不定式作宾语，而只能用名词或动名词。答案：B2. I _ to help you yesterday, but I was ill.A. intended B would intend C. had intended D. has intended变式1. I intended _ you yesterday, but I was ill.A. to help B. helping C. having intended D. to have intended解析：2. 根据语境用had + 过去分词表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望和打算等。答案：C变式1. 动词(mean/ intend/hope/want等)+ to have done sth. 表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望和打算等。答案：D3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered解析：根据already可知句意为：“河流已遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许太晚了”，所以此处应用suffer的现在分词的完成式。 答案：A4. These old buildings possibly _ the Ming Period.A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date back变式1. The old temple, _ , is 500 years old.A. dating from B. dated to C. dated back to D. dating to解析：4. date from和date back to 都无被动形式。答案：B变式1. 由于 date from和date back to 都无被动形式，并且在该句中做状语所以答案为：A5. When _ help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered解析：offer的逻辑主语是one，构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。答案 D6. It was not a serious scientific research, and they did it just _.A. for fun B. on business C. on duty D. in fun变式1He is _ great fun, and we all like to make _ fun of him.A. the; a B. a; a C. a ; D. ; 解析：6. 句意是“这不是一项严肃的科学研究，他们做这件事只是为了娱乐。”for fun 做“为了娱乐”；in fun做“开玩笑地”答案：A变式1.fun为不可数名词即使前有形容词修饰也不可以加冠词，make fun of 为固定短语。答案：D课后题：1.Toms interests include basketball，bowling and surfing the web studying his favourite subjects.A. as well asB. instead ofC. rather thanD. less than2.How is Tom getting along with his new job?Perhaps he is very busy. has come from him all the week.A.A wordB. No a wordC. No wordD. No words3.They saw a number of sheep crops in the field by the hill.The number twelve at least.A. was eating；wasB. were eating；wereC. was eating；wereD. were eating；was4.Scientists have spent years into the effects of certain chemicals on the human brain with no result.A. studyingB. researchingC. investigatingD. inspecting 填空解析：1. A as well as意为“还有”；instead of “而不是”；rather than“不是；而不是”；less than“少于”。据题意A项为正确答案。2. C word意为information，为不可数名词，前不加冠词，故答案为C。3. D the number作主语谓语动词用单数；a number of + 名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，故答案为D。4. B study直接跟宾语；investigate调查；inspect视察，检查；research into研究。课后练习题A组：1.This experiment the theory.A. intend to test B. is intended to testC. is intended for D. intend for2.When they arrived at the crossroads, they went the wrong .A. path B. wayC. street D. direction3.This custom the 8th century when people knew little about the earth which they lived on.A .is dated B. goes back in time toC. dates back to D. dates to4.Wont you tell me more about your problem?I talk about it anymore.A. would rather notB. would like toC. would rather not toD. should like to5.Our mind has been made up the plan.A. carrying outB. to carry outC. for carrying outD. to carry away6.The customer didnt choose of the coats and went away without looking at a third one.A. bothB. allC. anyD. either7.Classroom testing，if well done，most certainly a stimulus(激励) to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to8.We both strongly your going to Iraq at this time of war；its too dangerous.A. enjoyB. opposeC. appreciateD. insist9. you can have my phone number，its 7807842.I look forward to meeting you soon.A. In caseB. On purposeC. As long asD. By the way10.Helen always helps her mother even though going to school most of her day.A. takes upB. makes upC. save upD. puts up1.B intend是及物动词，常用intend to do sth.句型，打算干某事，也可跟复合结构intend sb.to do sth.。2. B go the wrong way意为走错了路。而path,street 都不能与动词go 有这种搭配，名词direction之前加介词in 则可以，即go in the wrong direction走错了方向。没有介词in ，故排除direction。3. C 本题考查date back to这一词组。date back to同dare from,后常接过去时间，表示“从某时起就已存在；始于追溯至”，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。4. A 题意为“我宁愿不再谈了”，故B、D两项排除；would rather后接动词原形。5. B make up ones mind to do，故A、C被排除，执行计划用carry out the plan。6. D not与both，all连用为部分否定，与any either连用为完全否定。且两个coats不可用all，故据题意，应用完全否定。7. C act for“代理”，act on“对起作用”；act as“充作；充当”。8. B 除D项外，其他项都可接动名词作宾语，但根据题意应是反对oppose，而不是欣赏appreciate。9. D in case，以防，免得；on purpose“故意地”，用作状语；as long as“只要”，引起条件从句；by the way“顺便说一下”。根据题意答案应为D。10. B take up“占时间或空间”；make up“弥补；虚构”；save up“储蓄”；put up“搭建”。B组：一、 汉译英1. 我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。2. 我本打算去看电影的，但是我有一个不速之客。3. 最近我与汤姆关系不融洽。4 我记得在某本书上读过这篇文章。5. 没有空气和水人类不能生存。6. 当被问来自哪里的时候，他保持沉默。7. 这种药吃起来有苦味。8. 取笑别人是不对的。9. 在他的指挥下我们成功了。10. 他们下决心把敌人赶走。答案：1. We greatly appreciate your timely help.2. I had intended to go to the cinema, but I had an unexpected guest.3. Ihave not been on good terms with Tom of late.4. I remembered reading the article in a certain book.5. Man cant live without water and air.6. When asked where he was from, he kept silent.7. The medicine is bitter to eat.8. Making fun of others is wrong.9. We succeeded under the direction of him10. They made up their mind to drive the enemy off.
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