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必修1Unit 1一、语法填空专题训练(一)巧用派生词，做好语法填空(1) 技巧点拨动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词，如果所给单词是其它词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。如果所给单词为动词，就需在原动词后加ing将其变为动名词。要将其它词类变为名词，需熟悉构成名词的后缀，对所给词做相应改变。常用的名词后缀主要有：动词al/or/er名词survivesurvival动词ment名词managemanagement动词ion/tion/sion名词expressinventexpressioninvention形容词ness名词crazycraziness动词/形容词th名词grow(v.生长)growth(n.生长)ship结尾的名词professor(n.教授)professorship(n.教授资格)y结尾的名词honest(adj.诚实的)honesty(n.诚实)如：(1)His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.(2)He was one of the visitors (visit) who thought highly of Tom，their guide. 活学活用(一)用所给单词的适当形式填空I hated _1_(wait)for her for hours without _2_(know)when on earth she would come. On her _3_(arrive)，she would always hug me，promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in _4_ (angry)，telling her frankly that her _5_(arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to end our _6_(relate)However，she never seemed to be _7_(angrily)She told me that she always thought of me as one of her best _8_(friendly) and if I left her，that would be a severe _9_(punish) to her. Finally we reached an _10_(agree) that we would still be good friends，but she mustnt be late again.(二)(2020;2020年广东卷改编)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。说出第2,5,9题的解题思路。A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water._1_water was sweet. He filled his leather _2_ (contain) so that he could bring some back to an elder _3_ had been his teacher. After a four day journey，the young man_4_(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_5_(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home with a happy heart.After the student left，the teacher let _6_student taste the water. He spit it out，_7_(say) it was awful. Apparently，it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _8_？”The teacher replied，“You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of _9_ (kind) and love. Nothing could be _10_ (sweet)”We understand this lesson best that we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.二、完形填空A.(2020;2020年广州一模)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。The ups and downs of life may seem unpredictable. But scientists know there are clear 1 that almost all people share. Even if youve passed your “best”, you still have other 2 years to come. Certain important high-points come later in life.When are you 3 ? From 18 to 25, according to I.Q. scores; but youre wiser and more 4 with increasing age. At around 30, metal abilities begin to decline, 5 your ability to do maths. But your ability to complete other tasks 6 . For example, your vocabulary increases over time. At 60, your brain 7 almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. Because of this, some psychologists suggest that “maturity quotients” (M.Q.) be used to measure intelligence for 8 .When are you happiest? You have the best 9 sense of yourself from 15 to 24, when you feel energetic all the time. The best professional sense is from 40 to 49. Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to 10 , but when we are over 30, we believe that theyre behind us. After age 30, were more 11 and dont view happiness as a goal in itself. If we maintain our health, achieve professional and emotional goals, then 12 , we feel, will follow.When are you most creative? Generally between 30 and 39, but it 13 with different professions. The high-points in areas such as science and economics come 14 most Nobel prize winners did their top research in their 20s and 30s but for people who keep an active mind, there is no upper age 15 .1Aplans Blives Cpatterns Dpredictions2Agood Bstranger Cinteresting Ddifficult3Abest Bsmartest Cmost mature Dmost skilled4Apowerful Benergetic Cexperienced Dsatisfied5Agenerally Bspecially Cmainly Dparticularly6Aclimbs Bstops Cmatters Dworks7Arecognizes Bposseses Ccommunicates Dreceives8Ababies Bteenagers Cadults Delders9Amental Bemotional Cphysical Dpersonal10Acome Blast Cremember Ddisappear11Aconfident Brealistic Chopeful Dgrateful12Awealth Bsharpness Cwisdom Dhappiness13Aagrees Bvaries C goes Dends14Aearly Bnaturally Cunexpectedly Drecently15Ademand Breason Cchoice DlimitB.(2020;2020年重庆卷改编)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Introduction to Letters to SamDear Reader，Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book.When my _1_，Sam，was born，my heart was filled with joy.I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then，and I have been _2_ ill many times.So I wondered if I would have the_3_ to tell Sam what I had_4_.For years I have been hosting a program on the _5_ and writing articles for a magazine.Being unable to move freely，I have learned to sit still and keep my heart _6_，exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and readers.So when Sam was born，I _7_ to tell him about school and friendship，romance and work，love and everything else.Thats how I started to write these letters.I hoped that Sam would_8_them sooner or later.However，that expedition _9_ when Sam showed signs of autism(自闭症)at the age of two.He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs.He _10_ to communicate with others，even the family members.That was _11_ for me but didnt stop me writing on.I realized that I had even more now to tell him.I wanted him to _12_what it means to be “different ”from others，and learn how to fight against the misfortune hell _13_ as I myself，his grandfather，did.I just _14_ if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.Now，as the book has been published，I have been given the chance.Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam：some about my life，and all about what it means to be a _15_.Daniel Gottliebe1A.son BnephewCbrother Dgrandson2A.seriously BmentallyCslightly Dquietly3A.ability BtimeCcourage Dresponsibility4A.written BsufferedCobserved Dlost5A.radio BtelevisionCstage Dbed6A.warm BbrokenCclosed Dopen7A.began BstoppedCforgot Ddecided8A.find BreadCcollect Dkeep9A.developed BdisappearedCchanged Darrived10A.tried BrefusedCregretted Dhoped11A.exciting BacceptableCstrange Dheartbreaking12A.understand BexplainCbelieve Dquestion13A.fear BfaceCknow Dcause14A.felt BguessedCsaw Ddoubted15A.teacher BchildCman Dwriter三、阅读理解专题训练(一)阅读中的猜词技巧(1)特别提醒：我们分6个单元介绍了阅读中猜测词义的常用方法。但是必须牢记，各种方法都是互相联系的，都离不开对上下文的正确理解，所谓词不离句、句不离篇讲的就是这个道理。在解题时，同学们应该综合运用各种方法，根据对语篇的理解，结合上下文，对生词或短语或句子的含义作出准确的、合乎逻辑的猜测。根据文章的综合信息推测词义 技巧点拨根据文章的内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识来分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后结合上下文，根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致意思。在解题时，我们可以利用上下文的线索、暗示信息或单词的作用和关系准确推测词义。如：(1)“My son has been in school for twelve years and he cannot write a sentence，” Tom shouted to the headmaster.“Youve made him an illiterate.”(2)One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite_the_reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with imperfect information.(1) 依据信息“上学12年”、还“不会写一个句子”、“大喊大叫”，可知家长在指责校方，也就不难猜出illiterate意为“文盲”。(2) 前句说“关于商业的一个错误观点是商业可以看做完美的信息游戏”，而后句说“商业、政治、生活本身是非常不完美的信息游戏”，由此推之quite the reverse的意思是“正好相反”。 活学活用(一)猜出下列句中划线单词的意思1Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to health.They also regard drinking as harmful.2The hotair balloon took off.It was buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.3The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.4The child is as fragile as glass.5He fell into a ditch and lay there，semiconscious，for a few minutes.(二)阅读下列短文，按要求完成下列读写任务(2020;2020年重庆卷)One morning more than thirty years ago，I entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly，unshaven man，who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a wornout hat and was alone.I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversion and spoke about a wide rang of things.We never introduced ourselves.I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee，I asked，“May I get you something ？”“A coffee would be nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee，we talked more，and he accepted another cup of coffee.Finally，I rose to leave，wished him well，and headed for the exit.At the door I met one of my friends.He asked，“How did you get to know Mr.Galbreath？”“Who？”“The man you were sitting with.He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”I could hardly believe it.I was buying，offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter who I think they are，and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.以约30词概括文章大意_.根据短文内容选择最佳答案1What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?AUnfriendly.BUntidy.CGentle. DKind.2The author bought coffee for the old man because_.Ahe thought the old man was poorBhe wanted to start a conversationChe intended to show his politenessDhe would like to thank the old man3How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?AProud. BPitiful.CSurprised. DRegretful4What is the message mainly expressed in the story?AWe should learn to be generous.BIt is honorable to help those in need.CPeople in high positions are not like what we expect.DWe should avoid judging people by their appearances.参考答案一、(一)1waiting 2.knowing 3.arrival4Anger 5.arriving 6.relation7angry 8.friends 9.punishment10.agreement(二)1解析：由上文a spring of clear water，第一次提到water，下文water紧接着第二次特指。答案：The2解析：contain是动词，这里需要名词形式，v.ern.。答案：container3解析：who 引导定语从句限制elder且做从句的主语。答案：who4解析：本句缺少谓语，本文叙述故事，所以用过去时。答案：presented5解析：用副词形式修饰动词smile。答案：warmly6解析：老师叫 “另一个学生”尝尝水的味道。答案：another7解析：现在分词做伴随状语。答案：saying8解析：it指代前面的名词 “water”。这个学生认为老师假装喜欢那些 “水”。答案：it9解析：介词后面接名词， adj.nessn.答案：kindness10解析：没有比这更甜美的了。否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的意思。答案：sweeter二、A.答案15:CABCD 610: ABCCA 1115:BDBADB答案1解析：下文讲到作者是Sam的grandfather，由此可知此处答案为grandson。答案：D2解析：“我” 整天坐在轮椅里，担心没有时间给孙子讲述我看到的一切，说明“我”病得挺严重的。答案：A3解析：我担心没有时间给孙子讲述我经历的一切。答案：B4解析：“What I had observed”表示“我的见闻。”答案：C5解析：下文有listeners and readers，listeners与radio对应，readers与magazine对应。答案：A6解析：这里指我敞开心扉，与读者及观众交流思想。答案：D7解析：我决定跟他讲教育、友谊、浪漫、工作和爱情。答案：D8解析：我希望我的孙子总有一天会“读”这些信。答案：B9解析：当发现Sam患有自闭症时，所有这些都发生了“改变”。答案：C10解析：他“拒绝”与人交流。答案：B11解析：那是“令人心碎”的。答案：D12解析：我想让他“懂得”与众不同意味着什么。答案：A13解析：他要像我这样“面对”不幸。答案：B14解析：我“怀疑”能否在有生之年把我想要说的都写出来。答案：D15解析：做一个“男人”意味着什么。答案：C三、(一)1解析：从also推知harmful与detrimental同义，意思是“不利的，有害的”。答案：有害的，不利的2解析：从as a rose leaf in water(水中的玫瑰花瓣)可知buoyant是形容词，意为“漂浮的”。答案：漂浮的3解析：从wars and great scientific discoveries可知epochal的意思是 “重要的”。答案：重要的4解析：常识告诉我们“玻璃易碎”，此处用以描绘人，意思是“脆弱的”。答案：脆弱的5解析：他掉进沟里，躺在那几分钟，划线单词的意思是“半清醒的、半昏迷的”。答案：半昏迷的(二)Feeling pity for a “poor” stranger，the author offered a free breakfast to a rich and powerful man in the Track Kitchen.This experience tells him to treat everyone with respect.(31 words)1解析：词义猜测题。从上文的unshaven(没有修面的)可知disheveled应与unshaven的意思接近。综合全文内容可知，这位先生不修边幅，穿着破烂，以致让作者犯了以貌取人的错误。 所以答案为B。答案：B2解析：第二段的I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat说明答案为A。答案：A3解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could hardly believe it.”可知作者感到很惊讶。答案：C4解析：本文给人们的启示是：不要以貌取人。答案：D
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