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专题三 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断题限时30分钟Robots are common in todays world. They manufacture cars, work in space, explore oceans, clean up oil spills and investigate dangerous environments. And now, scientists at the University of Manchester are using a robot as a laboratory partner.The researchers at the university created the robot in 2020 and named it Adam. Despite the name, Adam is not a humanoid robot. It is about the size of a car.Adam was built to do science and make discoveries. Ross King is the leader of the University of Manchester research team. He says the robot made a discovery about yeast(酵母), a kind of fungus used in science as a model for human cells.“Adam hypothesized certain functions of genes within yeast and experimentally tested these hypothesizes and confirmed them. So it both hypothesized and confirmed new scientific knowledge. ”Adams success as a scientist led to the creation of another robot scientist named Eve. Researchers developed Eve to design and test drugs for tropical and neglected diseases. These diseases kill and infect millions of people each year.Drug development is slow and costly. Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investment money back.So the University of Manchester developed a low-cost test that shows whether or not a chemical is likely to be made into an effective medicine. Mr King says that other drug testing methods were not very effective.“How it works conventionally is you use robotics(机器人技术)as well and you have a large collection of possible drugs. You test every single compound(复合物). And you start at the beginning of your library and continue until the end, and stop. So its not a very intelligent process. The robotics doesnt learn anything as it goes along, even if its tested a million compounds, it still doesnt have any expectation of what will happen next when it tests a new compound. ”Mr King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. He says the robot is designed to ignore compounds that it thinks unlikely to be good. It will only test the compounds which have a good chance of working.Eve has discovered that a compound known to be effective against cancer might also be used to fight against malaria and other tropical diseases.Mr King says he hopes to completely automate the drug testing process with robots like Eve to create and test new chemicals. But he says humans remain in control of the manufacturing process.【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物, 研发药物。1. Adam can do all the following EXCEPT_.A. making discoveriesB. working in spaceC. helping researchersD. doing scientific research【解析】选B。细节判断题。根据第三段的内容可知, 没有太空工作。2. The underlined word“hypothesized”probably means_.A. learnedB. guessedC. discoveredD. created【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上下文可知, 这句话的意思是: 亚当假设基因在酵母中拥有某些功能并验证了这些假设。hypothesized在这里是“假设, 猜测”的意思。【误区警示】本题可能会误选其他选项, 主要原因是未能根据上下文准确理解这句话的含义, 做此类题根据其本义再结合语境来进行推断是解题的关键。3. The development of new drugs is slow because_.a. it takes long to test new drugs.b. it takes long to produce new drugs.c. new drugs are less effective.d. it takes long to profit from new drugs.e. conventional testing methods dont work well.A. abcB. bcdC. cdeD. ade【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investment money back. 可知答案为D。4. Eve has an advantage of_.A. testing a million compound at a timeB. controlling the manufacturing processC. expecting what will happen while testing drugsD. making scientific research【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段最后两句以及倒数第三段Mr King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. . . 可知Eve不同于一般的机器人, 它能边实验边学到一些东西, 并能判断出药物中值得实验的有效成分。5. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Robot Scientist Helps Design New DrugsB. Adamthe Smart RobotC. New Methods to Test DrugsD. Scientists Develop Humanoid Robots【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物, 研发药物。故选A。(2020宁波二模)Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, “Staying motivated”. But a 36-year-old professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and encouragement.Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial socially-interactive robots.The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels(旋转), blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input information daily about exercise and diet. Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement. Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about him.Cory Kidd, a research team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than on-screen-based character.In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touch-screen computer with identical software and 15 were given a paper log. The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log.“While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had Autom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study, ”he said.The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and long-lasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen.Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500. A robot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed.【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是一种新型机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯, 并提升人们的动力。6. Whats the best title for the passage?A. The development of AutomB. The automated way to motivationC. The working principle of robotsD. The way to change the lifestyle habits【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文讲述一种机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯, 提升人们的动力, 故选B项。7. What can we know about the controlled study?A. The study was led by Cory Kidd.B. The subjects were divided by two.C. Every person with Autom continued past six weeks.D. People using Autom gained more benefits than other people.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log. 可知, 研究发现用机器人的人更有可能长时间坚持节食, 时长是用纸质日志的人的两倍, 故选D。8. Which is true about Autom according to the passage?A. The price of this robot is very high.B. It can communicate with people freely.C. Autom can act as a coach to help lose weight.D. These robots called Autom have been used widely.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知, 这个36岁的教授声称这个机器人能当减肥教练, 并提供日常健康方面的建议和鼓励。9. Which institution is responsible for the development of Autom?A. Intuitive Automata.B. Pittsburgh City Council.C. Carnegie Mellon University.D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata可知, 这种机器人是Intuitive Automata的产品。10. What can we infer from the passage?A. The robot can help people change their lifestyle habits.B. The robot cant speak English except Cantonese and Mandarin.C. The robot that can speak many languages has been popular with the users.D. The robot that can speak many languages meets the demand of the customers.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知答案应选A。You have signed on for months of hard work. Youre far from home. The pay is bad. The food is worse. You find rare comfort in the simple songs that you and your workmates sing.This is what a sailors life was like in the 1800s. The songs sung aboard ships were called sea shanties. You have probably heard a shanty or two yourself. Many of these songs have lasted through the years. They can often be found in surprising places today.Sea Shanties Then. . .Sea shanties were valuable friends to sailors. Some shanties, such as“Blow the Man Down”, had lively words and melodies. They broke up the boredom of long trips. Other shanties, including one called “Oh, Shenandoah”, had a sadder tone. They helped seafarers express longing and loneliness. Still other shanties, such as “Leave Her, Johnny”, let sailors complain about their hard lives.But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team. Ships had sails that were controlled by a system of moving ropes. For many jobs, all of the sailors had to pull on the ropes at once.When faced with such a job, the shantyman, or song leader, began a tune. The crew joined in on the chorus, and it might have sounded like a playful sing-along. But when the sailors came to a certain beat, they knew it was the signal to pull together with all their might.Raising or lowering the anchor called for a rhythm with a slow, steady motion. Then, the shantyman would choose a shanty with a slow, steady beat to match the job. Each duty on the sailing ship had its own rhythm and its own kind of song. . . and Sea Shanties NowSea shanties have been passed down to us in much the same way as folk stories. Long ago, someone came up with a memorable idea and melody. Others repeated the shanty, often adding changes along the way.Over time, people saw the sea shanty for the treasure it was. Like any treasure, shanties were collected. Many were written down in books.Where do the old shanties appear now? Todays musical artists love the fun, beauty, and history of these songs. Many musicians, including Bob Dylan and Harry Belafonte, have their own versions of “Oh, Shenandoah. ”One group, the Robert Shaw Chorale, recorded a collection of shanties.In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea. A fisherman sings the shanty “Spanish Ladies” in the film Jaws. The cartoon character Woody Woodpecker whistles “Blow the Man Down” when he finds himself aboard a pirates ship.Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago. They help us understand what the working sailor sang and perhaps thought about.So the next time youre doing a boring task, try making up a tune to go along with it. Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier. Also, you may understand why sailors loved those old songs of the sea.【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是水手号子的产生及过去与现在的对比。11. The main purpose of the sea shanty in the 1800s was_.A. to communicate with passing shipsB. to help sailors work together as a teamC. to allow sailors to complain about the foodD. to give sailors an opportunity to record their music【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team. 可知, 其目的是帮他们像团队一样进行工作。12. Today, sea shanties are mainly used_.A. to provide material for musical artists to recordB. to provide a source of music for Hollywood filmsC. to help sailors work together aboard modern shipsD. to help people understand the lives of sailors of the past【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago可知, 今天这些水手号子告诉我们一百多年前水手的生活。13. The author uses two subheadings(小标题)within the article in order to_.A. compare sea shanties to modem sailing songsB. describe how popular sea shanties are with musiciansC. compare how sea shanties have been used over the yearsD. describe how sea shanties have influenced Hollywood films【解析】选C。推理判断题。综合全文可知选C。14. Which of these topics would most probably be included in this article?A. The work of sailors today.B. The cost of sailing ships in the 1800s.C. Other sailing duties that were made easier by sea shanties.D. Some music studios where sea shanties are recorded today.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段So the next time youre doing a boring task, try making up a tune to go along with it. Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier可知, 下次当你做令人厌烦的工作时, 试着一边工作一边编曲, 这样时间会过得快些, 你的工作也就容易很多。15. According to information in the article, a movie director today would most likely use a shanty_.A. to make a scene about sailors more realisticB. to give a musician a chance to record the songC. to make the crews daily chores pass more quicklyD. to express the loneliness of making a film away from home【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea. 可知, 在好莱坞, 水手号子是海上生活的标志。
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