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选择题专练卷四(共4页，满分65分).单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1(2020南京师大附中二模)It is of great importance _ parents say and do in family life, which may have a lifelong effect on their children.Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhy2(2020苏北四市联考)After the death of her mother, the girl was sold to a rich man just in the neighboring area, from _ house she tried to escape twice.Awhom Bhis Cwhose Dwhich3(2020徐州高三调研)Mum, Dad ought to stop working?Yes, he has a bad headache because he _ too long.Aread Bhas been readingChad read Dis reading4(2020盐城高三二模)Ding Junhui plays _ Gary Wilson in the semifinal of the 2020 World Snooker China Open in Beijing, April 4, 2020.Aover Bfor Cagainst Dwith5(2020扬州第二次调研)Im afraid the project may be several days behind schedule due to bad weather.Dont worry. Three more assistants will be _ in no time at all.Aat your convenience Bat your commandCat your risk Dat your request6(2020南京三校联考)_ human beings use it in a wrong way, like we did with nuclear technology, the advancement of science and technology has never led to decline of human development.AWhile BUnlessCAs long as DBefore7(2020苏锡常镇高三调研)Mr. Johnson, _ a second chance, I will finish the task as planned.OK, dont let me down this time.Agiving Bgiven Cto give Dgive8(2020徐州4月月考)It wasnt _ he took off his mask _ I recognized he should be a famous film star.Awhen; that Buntil; whenCuntil; that Dwhen; then9(2020常州高三二模)Why _ you leave with Lucas now? There are still two days left before you go to work and you can stay with us for more time.Ashould Bshall Ccould Dmust10(2020苏北四市第一次联考)In the capital Kathmandu, thousands of people _the night on pavements, in parks and open fields in chilly temperatures before they returned to their collapsed homes.Awould spend Bwere spendingCspent Dhad spent11(2020南通高三调研)To the publics delight, a large number of government officials who _ their power have been well punished.Aignored BabusedCobtained Dcountered12(2020镇江高三模拟)Puzzled by this strange natural phenomenon, the scientists started to explore every _ they knew to figure it out.Aimpression BintentionCavenue Ddesign13(2020淮安中学4月检测)You get a lot of criticism, but you just have to carry on _.Anevertheless BfairlyCregardless Dsincerely14(2020徐州市考前信息卷)My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, _ that is worth respecting for ever.Athat Bone Cit Dwhat15(2020泰州高三模拟)Ill repeat the address：758 Maple Street. Maple, MAPLE._. Thank you.AGot it BId love toCNever do it again DOf course.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2020南京高三学情调研)Years ago, I had the opportunity to conduct a seminar. This was a motivational one basically designed to _16_ people in changing their lives, _17_ their personal barriers in life.It was always _18_ to meet the seminar attendees. Some of them couldnt wait to get started, others were _19_ about what they would get for their money, and others attended _20_ often being forced by pressure.This last group was always the most _21_ to work with. They sit there with _22_ crossed, rarely participating in any of the specific exercises meant to help them build positive behavior to _23_ old habits and thoughts.In the end, I started to look through the evaluations paying particular attention to find the form submitted by one of the attendees who had seemingly _24_ less attentiveness. To my disappointment, in this _25_， there was no form. I left that day thinking that I had _26_ this person.As I _27_ my preparation for the next seminar afterwards, one day I received a phone call it was the _28_ attendee who had not submitted the evaluation form! My immediate _29_ was to prepare for a request for a total refund (退款)It was not the case, _30_. He took his time to tell me how much the seminar had already helped him change his ways, and how much more comfortable he was with himself now that he knew how to overcome his own personal barriers _31_ success both personally and professionally. I was surprised and glad to be _32_ to him.Actually we all have power to affect the _33_ of others, but this power can also be negative if you use it wrongly or improperly. Power you all have it use it _34_ because you never know what impact you have on other people even when you think _35_.16A.rescue BassistCsponsor Dtreat17A.breaking down Bworking againstCbreaking through Dworking out18A.fascinating BfrighteningCincredible Dmysterious19A.conscious BexplicitCroundabout Dskeptical20A.willingly BreluctantlyCvoluntarily Dnaturally21A.inspiring BdaringCchallenging Dshocking22A.hands BwrinklesCsmiles Darms23A.impress BconquerCtwist Dspin24A.displayed BpaidCclarified Drequested25A.court BcaseCguilt Dgeneration26A.succeeded BmanagedCanticipated Dfailed27A.went about Bturned overCput away Dset off28A.arbitrary BboredCvery Dsuspected29A.reaction BfeelingCeffort Dmind30A.but BalthoughCthough Dwhile31A.to BbeyondCopposite Dagainst32A.hopeful BhelpfulChandy Dholy33A.gesture BfunctionCemotion Dbehavior34A.wisely BfoolishlyCregularly Dconstantly35A.additionally BalikeCotherwise Doverall.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020江苏名校联考)The Internet of Things (IoT) (物联网) aims to get everything and everyone talking. Attaching sensors to “things”， such as cows, cars and refrigerator, and then assigning them unique IP addresses allow them to “talk” to the Internet. Of course, the IoT will involve much more than a handful of sensors. Networking company Cisco estimates that 50 billion Internetconnected devices and objects will be sending over data by 2020.Specific BenefitsThe IoT will allow people to track things and processes like never before. Airplane manufacturers will be able to continuously track the condition of airplane parts， allowing them to do preventive maintenance and avoid costly downtime. Consumers could install smart meters in their homes to monitor energy usage and observe energy price changes in real time. That would allow people to adjust their habits and use electrical appliances during lowerpriced hours.Some fearsSome critics fear that the IoT could end up being a fashion that people lose interest in over time. Having Twitter feeds on refrigerator doors may sound cool at first， but the attraction could fade as quickly as the excitement over last years smartphone！ Other critics are doubtful if companies making Internetconnected appliances will provide longterm software updates. If that happens， a refrigerator or washing machine that should last 10 years or more could last two or three due to software thats outdated.A Positive ExampleEarly this year， owner of the Tesla Model S electric car received a recall notice alerting them to a charger plug needing to be fixed. Amazingly， owners of the Model S sat back while the company performed an “over the air”wireless update. Customers confirmed the update by tapping on the cars touchscreen console to see that the Model S was running the latest software version. No trip to the dealer was required！,Perhaps Teslas remote fix is a sign of things to come. Someday soon， peoples lives might become a lot more efficient and convenient thanks to the IoT.36How do researchers get everything and everyone talking?ABy establishing the IoT and launching a handful of sensors.BBy connecting sensors with them and appointing them unique IP addresses.CBy communicating with them all the time through the IoT.DBy sending people to track them day and night and collect useful data.37What else do critics worry about the IoT besides its probably ending up being a fashion?APeople will lose interest in it as quickly as the thrill over last years smartphone.BRefrigerators and washing machines will be replaced by other devices in a few years.CWhether related companies will provide longterm software updates or not.DThe software provided by companies will be outdated easily and quickly.38According to the passage, when owners of the Telsa Model S electric received a recall notice, they _.Ajust waited in the car while the maintenance is being done through wireless updateBwere required to go to the nearest 4S store to make some adjustments or repairsCcould definitely depend on the IoT to send them the charger plug to be fixedDhad to confirm the update with the help of the equipment provided by the companyB(2020扬州中学质检)The new Swedish genderneutral (性别中立的) word “hen” was introduced at two Stockholm nurseries in 2020. It is used for describing either male or female, or someone not wanting to be described with those terms. Today “hen” is frequently used by Swedish children and adults alike. Now other European countries are joining the genderneutrality trend.“Fourteen major retailers (零售商) have made changes since we started our campaign almost two years ago，” reports Tricia Lowther, a motherofone in northern Englandand a member of the Let Toys Be Toys initiative, which lobbies for genderneutral toy aisles. “Theyve taken down boys and girls signs. The blue and pink aisles remain, but things are happening.” The retailers doing away with boys and girls toy signs are major ones indeed: Tesco, Sainsburys, Morrisons, Boots. Marks & Spencer has gone even further, making its toy labelling genderneutral.In the efforts to achieve gender equality in the children world, no country has gone as far as Sweden. The nurseries that first introduced “hen” still use it, and others have joined them. “All children should be able to wear what they want. Dresses are not just for girls. And pink is a beautiful colour that should be available to everybody，” says Maria Hulth of a gender equality consulting firm.“Sweden is really the pioneer，” says Lann Hornscheidt, a professor of gender studies. “No other country has made such an effort to break down gender barriers among children.”Though there are no official statistics regarding the number of Swedish nurseries using “hen”， Maria Hulth notes that individual teachers now often opt to use “hen” even when its not the nurserys policy. But, she notes, “Swedish nurseries and primary schools genderneutral efforts dont end at the neutral word. Theyre putting a lot of effort into avoiding words like boys and girls, instead just saying children”To its supporters, Swedens nursery world of “hen” and pinkforall is a civil rights heaven. But, Dr David Eberhard argues that a new word wont change the fact that the vast majority of people identify either as men or women. “Whatever you choose to call people, the biological differences between men and women remain，” he notes. “We should treat each other with respect, but ignoring biological gender differences is crazy. Making us the same wont create more equality.” He thinks boys should be allowed to play with dolls and girls with cars if they like to. “But，” he adds, “calling them hen instead of him or her? Thats child cruelty.”Given that Sweden is the worlds fourth most genderequal country, as measured in the World Economic Forums latest gender gap report (only Iceland, Finland and Denmark score higher), practices like the use of “hen” suggest an already progressive country trying to fix a minor problem.“Far from it, the gender gap creates poverty among women，” argues Hornscheidt. “Movements like the use of hen are all part of an effort to create a more just world.”39The author mentions some major retailers in Paragraph 2 to show _.Athe influence of the genderneutral campaignBthese retailers efforts to promote toy salesCthe importance of making boys and girls equalDthe varieties of toys for children to choose from40The underlined word “opt” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”Ahesitate Bprefer Cpretend Drefuse41Which of the following would Lann Hornscheidt most probably agree with?ABoth men and women should wear pink clothes to show equality.BKids and adults will stay equal if they both use the word “hen”CSweden has taken the lead in advocating the real gender equality.DThere are no biological gender differences between men and women.42What is the purpose of the passage?ATo seek a new solution to gender inequality.BTo introduce a new development in gender equality.CTo stress the significance of Swedens gender neutral movement.DTo compare Swedens education with that of other European countries.C(2020常州一中高三模拟)By 2050, a completely new type of human evolve as a result of extremely new technology, behavior, and natural selection. This is according to Cadell Last, a researcher at the Global Brain Institute, who claims mankind is undergoing a major “evolutionary transition”In less than four decades, Mr Last claims we will live longer, have children in old age and rely on artificial intelligence to do ordinary and boring tasks. This shift is so significant, he claims, it is comparable to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans. “Your 80 or 100 is going to be so radically different than your grandparents，”Mr Last says, who believes we will spend much of our time living in virtual reality. Some evolutionary scientists believe this age could be as high as 120 by 2050.Mr Last claims humans will also demonstrate delayed_sexual_maturation,_according to a report by Christina Sterbenz in Business Insider. This refers to something known as life history theory which attempts to explain how natural selection shapes key events in a creatures life, such as reproduction. It suggests that as brain sizes increase, organisms need more energy and time to reach their full potential, and so reproduce less.Instead of living fast and dying younger, Mr Last believes humans will live slow and die old. “Global society at the moment is a complete mess，” he told MailOnline. “But in crisis there is opportunity, and in apocalypse (启示) there can be transformation. So I think the next system humanity creates will be far more sophisticated, fair, and abundant than our current civilization.”“I think our next system will be as different from the modern world, as our contemporary world is from the medieval (中世纪的) world. The biological clock isnt going to be around forever，” he added, and said that people could pause it for some time using future technology.The change is already happening. Today, the average age at which a woman in Britain has her first baby has been rising steadily stands at 29.8. In the US, just one percent of first children were born to women over the age of 35 in 1970. By 2020, that figure rose to 15 percent.“As countries become socioeconomically advanced, more and more people, especially women have the option to engage in cultural reproduction，” Mr Last added. And as well as having more childfree years to enjoy leisure time, he believes artificial intelligence will make up the need for lowskill jobs. We may also spend a large amount of time living in virtual reality. “Im not quite sure most people have really absorbed the implications of this possibility，” Mr Last said.His views are detailed in a paper, titled Human Evolution, Life History Theory, and the End of Biological Reproduction published in Current Aging Science.43According to Cadell Last, a completely new type of human will appear because of_.artificial intelligencenew technologynatural selectionmundane tasksbehaviorA B C D44Which statement is compared by Mr Last to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans?AWe have diseases and die young.BWe give birth to a child when we are young.CWe spend less time in virtual reality.DWe use intelligent robots to do everyday housework.45The underlined words in the third paragraph most probably mean “_”Aorganisms need more energy and time to ripenBnatural selection shapes key eventsCreproductionDreproduce less46In the next system Mr Last explained we can infer that women are engaged in _.Acareers or hobbies instead of giving birth to babiesBplaying computer games rather than workingCcultural reproduction in place of menDliving in virtual reality without optionsD(2020无锡高三模拟)Six people have kept themselves inside a white dome in Hawaii to have an eightmonth test of how their mental health might experience during a mission to Mars.The NASAfunded project involves three men and three women who have no access to fresh food and limited access to Internet that requires 20minute intervals between click and response, as it might be in deep space.They are allowed to step outside their igloolike enclosure which measures 11 meters in diameter and six meters tall only if wearing a space suit.“We are surrounded by basaltic lava (玄武岩火山石) and living on the slopes of Mauna Loa where there is little evidence of plant or animal life，” wrote crew member Jocelyn Dunn, a doctor at Purdue Universitys School of Industrial Engineering, after her first day in the dome on October 17. “The training wheels are coming off as our new reality is setting in，” Dunn wrote on her blog, http：/ fivestarview. blogspot. com, which she plans to update throughout the mission.NASA is spending DS| 1.2 million on a series of three such projects known as Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HISEAS) to determine the potential risks of sending people together to spend long periods on a distant planet.NASA is aiming for a human mission to Mars by the 2030s, but experts are still not sure if humans can withstand the radiation that the journey would involve.It could take eight months to reach the Red Planet, not to mention time spent on it with a thin atmosphere and no known food source, followed by an attempt at returning to Earth.One recent study found that with the current limits of technology, adventurers to Mars would start dying in 68 days. Another study this week said the risk of radiationinduced cancer would limit any trip to one year.NASA considers it just as important to study whether peoples mental states could hold up under the pressure of a Mars journey, said principal investigator Kim Binsted.Both crew psychology and radiation are considered “red risks” for Mars, “which means essentially, until we solve these problems, we are not going，” Binsted told AFP. Binsted is coordinating the experiment from the outside the dome. Those inside are healthy, educated people in their 20s and 30s, each with a keen interest in science and space. “It is kind of the opposite of a reality show. We select against drama.” explained Binsted. “We try to pick a crew that will get along with each other. We pick generally levelheaded and easygoing people.”They include Allen Mirkadyrov, an aerospace engineer for and Neil Scheibelhut, a microbiologist and former soldier in Iraq. Sophie Milam is an expert in robotics who is pursuing a masters degree in engineering, and Zak Wilson is a mechanical engineer. The commander is Canadianborn Martha Lenio, who earned a doctor degree in engineering and has worked in the sustainable building industry, according to her biography.As time wears on, experts want to see how they
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