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SB2 A (unit1unit10)专题二： 重点词组高考解读【高考导航】2020;2020高考命题趋向分析1stick to 为高考重点，主要考查其固定短语之间含义上的差别，如be stuck （over/ with），stick out，stick up；stick with ，stick to等。尤其需要注意stick to短语中to为介词，后常接某些固定的名词，如：promise;plan； decision； opinion等。此外，stick to与近意词组 insist on之间的差别也是考查的角度之一，有可能结合定语从句考查stick to的用法2动词的固定搭配及用法辨析是历年高考的重点。persuade的用法是高考的重点：persuade sb.of, persuade sb. to do, persuade that ,persuade sb. into doing, perauade sb. out of doing,以及和近义短语advise sb. to do； advise ones doing及advise后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的用法是考查的角度之一3consist of为高考重点短语，考查的重点在于该词组与be made up of ；comprise ；be composed of等词组的辨析。需要注意consist of本意为：由组成，表示被动概念，故该词组无被动语态。另外，关于consist的其他词组如：consist in ；consist with 也将是高考考查的重点4副词immediately作为连词的用法将是2020;2020年高考的重点。immediately / directly = the moment=the minute / the instant =as soon as (conj.)作为连词引导时间状语从句将是高考的热点，考生需注意其他形式的连词5in case是高考高频词汇，主要考查其后所接成分， in case of =for fear of后加名词或代词，意为“要是.”而 in case= for fear that= lest后跟句子，意为“假使，以防万一”。需注意in case 的同义短语如：or fear that； lest。此外n case的其他短语也需加强记忆，如：in this case 如果这样的话；in any case 无论如何；in no case 决不，任何情况下都不等【真题品析】1（04湖北卷）Once a decision has been made, all of us should it.A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to【答案】 B 考查动词词组的含义【点拨】根据句意，应取“坚持”之意2 . （09高考）Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _.A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you【答案】 B 考查形容词的用法【点拨】因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人” 要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for to you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用with3(NMET 2001，上海卷) Alice trusts you; only you can _ her to give up the foolish idea.A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade【答案】 D 考查动词词义【点拨】句意为“惟有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。”persuade sb. to do sth.表示“说服某人做某事”， persuade表示“说服”、“劝服”，是及物动词。suggest 意为：建议，暗示；attract意为：吸引；tempt意为：诱惑4(.07湖北26)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars , and this creates further problemsAin short Bin case Cin doubt Din turn【答案】 D考查介词短语辨析.【点拨】四个短语的意思分别是A 项 in short简而言之, B 项in case万一；C项in doubt怀疑的；D项in turn反过来 根据句意：“人们通过开私家车来避开拥挤的公共交通,反过来产生了更进一步的问题”, 只有D符合题意.5（ 09山东莱芜模拟28）T his flat a living-room, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms.Ais consisting of Bis consisted ofCconsists of Dconsist of【答案】 C 考查动词词组的用法【点拨】consist of本意为：由组成，表示被动概念，故该词组无被动语态。consist of= be made up of6The classroom is big enough _,but we will have to move if we have more students.A. for the moment B. on the momentC. in a moment D. for a moment【答案】 A 考查moment的固定短语词义辨析【点拨】A. for the moment 意为此刻；B. on the moment意为就目前；C. in a moment 意为 一会儿； D. for a moment意为一会儿知识网络1. lack of 2. make an effort3inform sb. of sth. 4. contribute to5. persuade sb. to do 6. immediately7 .consist of- 8 .dream of9. change ones mind 10. stick to11 . call up 12 . in case13 .stand out 14. as though15. take part in 16. catch sight of17 .deal with 18. at hand19. on the way 20. have sb. / sth. do21.in general精讲点拨考点一lack of【基础过关】 lack n. 缺乏；没有 lack + of + n.植物因缺水而死了 The plants died for lack of water.那项计划因资金不足而失败 The project failed due to lack of money lack v. 缺少.，对.不充裕 lack + n.He lacks decision.他缺少决心She lacked the experience to get the job.她经验不足，无法获得这份工作。【拓展延伸】lack (for) sth. 缺少（需要）lack for 缺（多用于否定句）They are so rich that they lack for nothing. 他们非常富有，什么也不缺be lacking (in) sth. 缺乏（某种品质，特点等），不够have no lack of 不缺乏Hes lacking in (He lacks) courage. 他缺乏勇气He is lacking in courtesy.他没有礼貌【典型例题】Though_ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in【答案】C 考查省略句式【点拨】 lack 是及物动词，后接宾语money。 his parents 与lack 是主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语考点二 make an effort【基础过关】名词 n. 努力,尽力UC+to-v1. 表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词Its a waste of time and effort. 那是浪费时间和精力His success depends upon effort and ability. 他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力2若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与all, these等修饰语连用。如I decided to make one more effort.我决定再作一次努力In spite of his efforts he failed. 他虽然做了努力，还是失败了。【拓展延伸】effort作努力解时，多为可数名词，指一次一次的努力，词组 make efforts， make an effort， make every effort 意义均为“努力”后接不定式短语，意为努力去做某事相关短语如下：make a special effort 作出特殊的努力make great effort 作出很大的努力make ones last effort 作最后的努力make no effort 不努力spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地去做某事with an effort 艰难地without effort 轻而易举地【典型例题】The rescue team made every _to find the missing mountain climber.A. force B. energy C. effort D.possibilty【答案】 C 名词词义辨析题，【点拨】依据句意与固定结构进行选择。语境体现出来的是竭尽全力去寻找失踪的登山者，其中A项为“力量；权利”，B项为“能量；精力”；D项为“可能性”，均与语境不符。且这三个词均不可与make搭配。而C项make every effort to do为固定短语，薏为“尽一切努力做某事”考点三 inform of【基础过关】inform作为动词，意为“告知，通知”后常接从句或of引起的短语，如：inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事e.g. The singer informed us of their arrival.歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们inform sb. that/wh-告知某人inform sb.+of+疑问词+不定式inform常构成以下短语：well-informed意为“消息灵通的”be informed of 听说; 接到.的通知be rightly informed 得到正确的错误的知识情报be wrongly informed 得到正确的错误的知识情报keep . informed 随时向.报告情况inform against sb. 告发某人, 检举某人inform on sb. 告发某人, 检举某人inform upon sb. 告发某人, 检举某人【拓展延伸】思考：常与of搭配构成固定短语的动词有哪些呢？accuse sb of sth 控告，责备assure sb of 使某人确信.convince sb of/about sth 使.信服cure sb of sth 治愈.的.suspect sb of sth 猜疑某人犯某罪某错warn sb of/against 警告.有.危险【典型例题】The manager promised to keep me _of how our business was going on.A. to be informed B. on informingC.informed D.informing【答案】C 考查固定动词短语【点拨】固定动词短语的掌握，inform如果用主动形式，则用法为inform sb.of sth.但本题中的“我”与inform之间存在动宾关系，“我”才是被通知的对象，所以inform要使用被动形式从语法功能可知，此处做宾语补足语，即keep sb./sth. Done考点四：contribute to【基础过关】 (1)vt. & vi. 捐助,贡献,有助于她在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见. She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.(2) vi. 对有贡献,有助于,成为的原因之一The construction of a high way will contribute to the growth of the county.建设告诉公路有助于这个县的发展。多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康 Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.(3) vt. & vi. 投稿Its an honor to be invited to contribute to your magazine.承蒙贵刊邀稿,甚感荣幸【拓展延伸】contribution n. (1)/C/捐助的钱,物品; /U/捐助I give a ten-dollar contribution to the church every Sunday.每个星期日我捐10美元给教会(2)/U/C/ 贡献,助益He has made great contributions to the countrys economy.(派生词)contributor n.捐赠者,投稿人contributory adj.有助的,有贡献的【典型例题】Everyone give five pence as a contribution _the World Wildlife Fund.A. at B.on C.to D.over【答案】C考查介词的搭配，以及动词与名词的一致原则【点拨】此题很明显测试名词contribution后的介词。因为“贡献”作为动词时，其后的介词用to，根据一致原则，名词后的介词仍然用to.考点五 persuade sb. to do【基础过关】persuade v.说服，劝服，使相信其用法如下：persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 说服某人At last I persuaded my father to give up smoking. 最后我说服父亲把烟戒掉了persuade sb. + that-clause = persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事或信服。How can I persuade you that I am telling the truth = How can I persuade you of my words? 我怎样才能使你相信我说的是实话呢？At last we persuaded Harry that he was wrong. 最后我们终于使亨利相信是他错了persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb.out of sth./doing sth. 说服或劝说某人不做某事I have persuaded them not to stay up too late. 我已经劝说他们不要熬夜太晚。Can you persuade her out of her foolish plans? 你能劝她放弃那些愚蠢的计划吗？【拓展延伸】persuade / advise / suggest辨析persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth. 表示成功地说服某人去做某事； try to persuade sb. to do sth.= advise sb. to do sth 表示建议某人做某事，对方是否采纳则不一定suggest doing 或suggest that 表示建议干某事【典型例题】I_Peter that it was not his fault,but he still felt very bad.A persuaded B.managed to persuade C.was able to persuade D.tried to persuade，【答案】D 考查动词词义【点拨】 try to do尽力做，但不一定作成功，manage to do，努力并成功考点六 immediately【基础过关】副词 ad.1. 直接地;接近地The airplane was immediately overhead. 飞机几乎就在正上方2. 立即,即刻,马上If you hear an alarm, leave the building immediately. 要是听见警报,马上离开大楼3. 紧接地June comes immediately after May.五月一过便是六月连接词 conj. 一.(就.)Return immediately you are done. 事情一做完就回来【拓展延伸】以下几类单词短语可以用做连词：1immediately，instantly2. the first/second time ;last time ;next time3.each time ;every time; any time4.the +moment/minute/second/day 等时间名词5.by the time /at the time【典型例题】The husband rushed to the hospital_he heard that his wife was injured .Aat the moment Bfor the moment Cin a moment Dthe moment【答案】D 考查名词用作引导时间状语从句【点拨】the moment=the minute / the instant = immediately / directly (adv.)= as soon as (conj.)考点七：consist of【基础过关】1. 组成,构成(+of)A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.大学由教师,行政人员和学生组成2. 在于,存在于(+in)The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.这幅画的美在于其色彩的调和3. 一致,符合(+with)The information consists with his account.消息与他的叙述相符合【拓展延伸】词义辨析：consist of-由组成（表示被动概念）=be made up of =comprise =be composed of (强调由什么成分所构成)Eg: Our class consist of 100 students.The United Kingdom consists of G.B. and Northern Ireland.The house consists of six rooms.be composed of-Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.constitute v.-由部分构成整体The committee consists of 10 members. = Ten members constitute the committee.【典型例题】填空对比：1Fifteen members _the committee.2A university _students,teachers and administrators.The house commons is _658 members.【答案】 1. make up 2. is msde up of / consists of 3. made up of考点八 dream of【基础过关】dream of 梦见，梦想，想象 如：I never dreamed of meeting you here. 我绝对未想到在这里会遇到你。I never dreamed that such a thing could happen! 我从没想到这种事竟会发生!I dreamt about/of my teacher last night. 昨天夜里我梦见我的老师了。【拓展延伸】一）dream C 梦想，愿望a fond dream 黄梁美梦 beyond ones dream 超过某人的期望be in a dream 像做梦一样，梦一样的过日子 go to ones dreams 进入梦乡二）dream 作不及物动词时，后面的可以接与动词同根的名词作宾语，例如：dream a terrible dream做了一个噩梦，这种现象称为动词的同源宾语。live a happy life 过着幸福生活 die a glorious death 死的光荣sing a beautiful song 唱了一首优美的歌 sleep a sound sleep 好好的睡一觉breathe a deep breath 深呼吸 laugh a merry laugh 开心一笑smile a weak/forced smile 笑得勉强【典型例题】-Do you _last night?-Yes, often.Last night I _. I _ I was in a woodA. dream; dreamed the strange dream ; dreamedB. dream; dream a strange dream ; dreamC.dream; dreamed a strange dream ; dreamedD. dream; dreamed strange dream ; dreamed【答案】C 考查动词dream的用法。【点拨】 dream 的过去式或过去分词是dreamed或dreamt，作“做梦，梦见”讲时，后可接同源宾语考点九 change ones mind【基础过关】change ones mind 改变主意 如：At first, he decided to attend the party, but later he changed his mind.起初他打算参加这个聚会，但后来又改变了主意。You will find it difficult to persuade her to change her mind.你会发现要说服她改变主意是很难的。【拓展延伸】out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦；bear( keep) in mind 记住，把记在心里drive sb. out of his mind 逼得某人发疯，使某人神经紧张不安make up ones mind 决心，打定主意read sbs mind 看出某人的心思speak ones mind (out) 直言不讳【典型例题】Im putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to _sugar.A.keep up B. keep back C. keep off D. keep away【答案】 C 动词词组辨析题【点拨】 A.keep up 保持 B. keep back 阻止C. keep off 勿踏，使不踩（吃，谈）D. keep away 使避开，不接近根据句意，C项正确考点十s tick to【基础过关】stick to 坚持；坚守。例如：I have made my decision and Im going to stick to it.我已经做出决定，而且我要坚持我的立场He promised to help us and he stuck to his word.他答应过帮助我们，他没有失信He sticks to what he said yesterday.他仍然坚持他昨天说的话If you stick to the truth，you have nothing to fear.如果你坚持真理，你就没有什么可怕的。他决定坚守岗位。He decided to stick to his post.【拓展延伸】stick to 指坚持真理、岗位、计划、决定、理论等；insist on 指坚持认为，坚决主张或坚决要求某物，后面可接动名词。insist 后跟宾语从句时，若表示坚持主张，则用(should)+动词原形；若表示坚持事实，则用陈述语气。stick out 伸出例如：He was wet to the skin, so I insisted on his changing his clothes他全身湿透了，所以我坚持让他换一件衣服。We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work.I insisted that his plan was not suitable. 我坚持认为他的计划不合适。【典型例题】Once a decision has been made, all of us should it.(湖北:2020;2020)A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to【答案】 B 考查动词词组【点拨】 根据句意，应取“坚持”之意考点十一 ：call up【基础过关】 call up打电话，使. .回忆起(1) Ill call you up tonight.今天晚上我给你打电话(2) The old photo called up memories of my childhood.老照片引起了我对童年的回忆【拓展延伸】call back 召唤某人回来，再访，回电话 call for需要，要求；call on sb拜访（某人） call at sp拜访（某地）call/ring sb up=give sb a call/ring 给某人打电话call on /drop in on /pay a visit to /go on a visit to/ visit +sb 拜访某人call at /drop in at /pay a visit to /go on a visit to /visit +sp 拜访某地辨析： call up 与look back on/uponcall up 表示“使.回忆起”主语为物look back on/upon“回忆，记起”主语为人【典型例题】 完成句子：1If the war breaks out , they will _at once.2The situation _prompt action.3Cars with serious faults _by the manufacturers.4The match _because of bad weather.5We are _you to help.6Lets call_John _his office.【答案】 1. be called up 2. calls for3. have been called in 4. was called off5. calling on /upon 6. on ;at考点十二 in case【基础过关】in case 假使，免得，以防万一（1) Take your coat in case it rains 以防下雨(2) In case they are late，（如果他们迟到了）they will have nothing for supper.【拓展延伸】in case of =for fear of后加名词或代词，意为“要是.”in case= for fear that= lest后跟句子，意为“假使，以防万一”in this case 如果这样的话in that case 如果那样的话in any case 无论如何in no case 决不，任何情况下都不【典型例题】 完成句子：_（不管怎样）I shall return in a day or two_（无论如何都不会）will I turn against my motherland_（如果那样的话）I have no more to say_（若发生）fire, ring the bell.【答案】 In any case In no case In that case In case of考点十三 stand out【基础过关】stand out(1) 显眼,突出 stand out from/ againstbright lettering that stands out well from/ against a dark background由深色背景衬托出很醒目的字(2)远远超出某人,某事 stand out from sb. / sth她的工作比其他人都好Her work stands out from the rest.(3)坚持抵抗 stand out against sth.我们竭力顶住了要关闭公司的一切做法We managed to stand out against all attempts to close the company down.(4) 拖延以期达到目的 stand out for sth.当局答应给护士增加5%的工资,但她们坚持要得到7%的增幅The nurses have been offered an extra 5%, but they are standing out for a 7% pay rise.【拓展延伸】stand alone 孤立,卓越,无与伦比 stand aside 靠边,站开,避开stand away 保持距离,不接近 stand back 退后,避开stand by 袖手旁观,支持,拥护帮助某人 stand for 表示,代表,代替,主张【典型例题】 Yao Ming _as a basketball star,and is loved by basketball fans both at home and abroad.A. stands out B. stands up C. sticks out D. strikes【答案】A 考查动词词组辨析【点拨】stand out 显眼突出，引人注目stand up 站立，站起 stick out 伸出 strike袭击考点十四 as thought/if-“【基础过关】as thought/if-“仿佛好象”引导方式状语从句或表语从句1）从句若表示与事实相反时，常用虚拟语气When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were brokenHe talks as if he knew everything well.他说起来好像对此全都知道2）若从句中的情况可能发生或为真实的，也可用陈述语气It looks as if our team is going to win. 看起来我们队要嬴了【拓展延伸】even if /though“即使”，“尽管”解，引导让步状语从句，其中even though与even if可交替使用，意思相同。例如：She wont leave the TV set, even though/if her supper is on the table即使晚饭已摆在桌上，她也不愿意离开电视机They will stand by you even if/though you dont succeed即使你不会成功，他们也会支持你。【典型例题】The little boy wouldnt leave the TV set, _ his mother shouted at him.A.as if B.only if C.even if D.though if【答案】C 考查连词词义辨析【点拨】 依据句意可知选C：即使”，“尽管考点十五 take part /take part in【基础过关】take part vi. 参加 take part in vt.参加take an active part in积极参加 play an important part in 扮演重要角色She wanted to take part, but she was too ill. 她想参加，但她病得太厉害了。The Union took an active part in the strike.工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。【拓展延伸】join, join in, attend和take part injoin多指加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一员的含义。join sb表示和某人一起参加某活动。join in指参加某项游戏，活动，讨论等，in为介词或副词,此短语常用于join sb in (doing)sth结构。take part in多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争等，含有以主人翁的态度加入其中并发挥一定作用的意思。attend指出席会议、参加仪式、婚礼及上学、听报告、听演讲等Its two years since he joined the club.他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year.他一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党They joined me in congratulating you.他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。Lets join in and give them a warm welcome.让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。He is attending school not church. 他在去上学而不是去礼拜【典型例题】Why not _ us? _ the favorite game?A. join in; Join B. join; Join C. join; Join in D. join in; Join in【答案】C 考查动词和短语辨析【点拨】join sb表示和某人一起参加某活动。join in指参加某项游戏，活动，讨论等，in为介词或副词。考点十六sight n. 视力；视觉；见【基础过关】 sight n. 视力；视觉；见short near sight 近视long far sight远视lose ones sight 失明I have good poor sight.我视力很好不好。那个小孩一看见母亲立刻活泼起来The sight of his mother instantly enlivened the child. catch sight of vt.看见，发现站在山顶，我们能够看见全城的景色Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.【拓展延伸】 与sight有关的短语：at first sight 初见；乍一看 at the sight of 一看见come into sight 进入视线内；映入眼帘 know a person by sight 只知其人lose sight of 不再看见；失去的踪影 within sight = in sight 看的见；在视野之内out of sight 看不见sightseeing 游览；观光shortsighted近视的；目光短浅的catch sight of 看见，发现【典型例题】 完成句子： their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看之下，他们的要求似乎满合理的。 I his tall figure in the crowd. 我在人群中发现了他那高大的身躯。At last the famous tower . 那座有名的塔终于出现在眼前。They the school building. 他们来到看得见学校建筑物的地方。【答案】 At first sight caught sight of came into sight came in sight of考点十七 deal with【基础过关】deal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。如：1 . They could properly deal with all kinds of situations .他能恰当地应付各种局面2 . Deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，还治其人之身3 . This is a book dealing with Asian problems . 这是一本论述亚洲问题的书4 . They have learned to deal with various persons .他们学会了和各种人打交道【拓展延伸】deal with / do withdo with 常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用，如：1 . I dont know how they deal with the problem .I dont know what they do with the problem我不知道他们如何处理这个问题2 . He is easy to deal with . (= He is easy to do with . 这时“do”是不及物动词)他是容易相处的人这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别一般地说，do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。如：1 . They found a way to do with the elephant . 他们找到对付那头大象的办法了2 . We cant do with such carelessness . 我们不能容忍这种粗枝大叶的作风3 . We are difficult to do with the new comer . 我们很难与新来的那个人相处4 . I have nothing to do with him . 我跟他无任何关系。【典型例题】I didnt know _to deal with problems when I worked in the office on the first day.A. what B. how C. where D. when【答案】B 考查疑问词的辨析。【点拨】deal with中的deal为不及物动词，不能接宾语，故应用疑问副词，而where，when不符合题意考点十八：at hand【基础过关】at hand意义如下：1)在手边；在跟前When he writes he always keeps a dictionary at hand.2)就要到来，不远了=on the way / around the corner (同just连用) 即将来临，在拐角处The examinations are at hand/ on the way/ upon us.Christmas is at hand./ upon us/ on the wayBut changes were just around the corner.【拓展延伸】 by hand手工（做的）；送来的（不是寄来的）My shoes were made by hand.from hand to hand 从一个人传到另一个人 give (lend) sb. a hand 帮一下忙Could you lend me a hand with the parcel?hand in hand 携手共进 hands up 举手 hands off不要碰；不要干预 on hand 手边（有。）；手头（有事做）I have no cash on hand to pay for the gas。on the one handon the other一方面。另一方面On the one hand I admired his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgment. on the other hand (可是)另一方面
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