高中英语选修 unit语法 动词不定式

会计学1高中英语选修高中英语选修 unit语法语法 动词不定式动词不定式1 Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you. NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoying第1页/共75页NounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragement第2页/共75页2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. lapannoyed第3页/共75页a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictationentrymicroscope第4页/共75页 student to others? outgoingfellowconduct第5页/共75页3 Complete this passage using the words below. There was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _. They used to _ in their own homes after being educated in special in many wayssit aroundadapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many waysmake fun of all in all第6页/共75页schools. Other people sometimes _ them. But now things are changing. There are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities, which have proved very beneficial. Students like Xie Li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. But it is a challenge. She has to _ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun of第7页/共75页“Xie Lis confidence has grown,” said her father. “She looks much better and is not so often _ after her training. _ her mother and I are very happy with her progress.” So, instead of _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. _ they can lead a more fulfilling life. out of breathAll in all cutting out第8页/共75页Revise the InfinitiveRevise the Infinitive Unit 1 Grammar第9页/共75页Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想第10页/共75页(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)第11页/共75页(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)第12页/共75页第13页/共75页1 不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不不定式后置。定式后置。第14页/共75页 My job to protect the world. My ambition is to _.is2 不定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative)第15页/共75页 Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。等后作表语。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。第16页/共75页 3 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 第17页/共75页常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。第18页/共75页 你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。 Ill ask him how to operate the machine.1) 不定式有时和连接代词不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。副词构成宾语。第19页/共75页2) 有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语， 补语是形容词补语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词)，常用，常用it作形作形 式宾语，把不定式后移。式宾语，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to work with him.第20页/共75页4 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.第21页/共75页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth第22页/共75页 listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听一感觉一感觉: feel+ sb do sth（不带不带to）第23页/共75页1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原：2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.第24页/共75页3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep.第25页/共75页5 不定式作定语不定式作定语 (attribute)1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.第26页/共75页1. 不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：有三种关系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。(1) 动宾关系动宾关系(2)主谓关系主谓关系(3)同位关系同位关系第27页/共75页2. 当名词被当名词被the first ,the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。第28页/共75页注意比较：注意比较：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）第29页/共75页5. 如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需则后面需 适当的介词。适当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write _. on4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.第30页/共75页in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too . tocatch the train 6 不定式作状语不定式作状语 (adverbial) 在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现第31页/共75页eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to so/ such as to do不定式作状语不定式作状语第32页/共75页2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.第33页/共75页so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.3. 结果状语结果状语: :常与常与only , enough 或或too连用连用He studied hard only to fail the exam.第34页/共75页to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 第35页/共75页8. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式不定式”构成，构成， 否定副词否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误。她检查名字为了不犯错误。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.第36页/共75页动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式 主主 动动 被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone第37页/共75页(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发发生在它之后。生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行。正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。继续。)第38页/共75页第39页/共75页第40页/共75页第41页/共75页He would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后边表示后边表示未能实现的愿望。未能实现的愿望。 第42页/共75页第43页/共75页省略省略to与省略与省略do第44页/共75页固定词组和句型固定词组和句型第45页/共75页 The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式第46页/共75页The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主语主语+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主语主语+be +too +adj. +to do第47页/共75页1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made课堂练兵课堂练兵第48页/共75页2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing第49页/共75页4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept第50页/共75页6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing第51页/共75页8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating第52页/共75页第53页/共75页2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷重庆卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought第54页/共75页3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed第55页/共75页4. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding第56页/共75页5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported第57页/共75页6. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重庆卷重庆卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing第58页/共75页7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷全国卷I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at第59页/共75页8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全国全国I卷卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought第60页/共75页9. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西卷江西卷) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered第61页/共75页10. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁卷辽宁卷) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found第62页/共75页11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷山东卷) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed第63页/共75页12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with第64页/共75页1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子。翻译下面的句子。to have arrived safely第65页/共75页4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediately第66页/共75页Make up a short passage using Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.passage is given below.第67页/共75页第68页/共75页第69页/共75页Marty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.1. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.第70页/共75页4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty says第71页/共75页Marty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.第72页/共75页不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式第73页/共75页第74页/共75页