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八下中考Unit 1-6 知识梳理Unit 1 Whats the matter?语法同义句 问：Whats the matter / trouble/ problem (with sb)? =Whats your trouble/ matter/ problem? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?（某人）出什么事了？ =Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？ =Are you OK?你没事吧？ =Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？辨析trouble麻烦：make trouble; matter事情; problem难度大：solve problem; question难度小：ask/ answer question答： 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。 某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。语法should + 动原四个句型重点词汇掌握 1. 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself.2. (1)few +可名复，有否定意义。(2)a few +可名复，“几个，数个”，有肯定意义。(3)little+不可数，有否定意义，“很少，几乎无”(4)a little+不可数，“一些”，有肯定意。He has _ friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has _ friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have _ time. 我们还有点时间。 There is _ time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。3. much too +adj./ adv.“太. ”，too much+U名 ; too many + C名，很多，大量There are _ _noise in the classroom. There are _ _ old books in the library4. Also, too与either 三者都表示“也”。但是用法有区别。 (1)too用于肯定句，句末，有逗号隔开；句中，前后都加逗号。(2)also句中，be等助动词后，实义动词前。(3)either用于否定句，句末，并用逗号隔开 (4)neither 作代词“两者都不”He is not there, _. 他也不在那儿。She _learns English.她也学英语。He likes English,_. 她也喜欢英语。You may use _book.两本书你可以随便用一本。_answer is wrong.两个答案都不对。I dont like him. _ do I.我不喜欢他。我也是。5. Be used to do sth. 被用来. Be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于. Used to do sth.过去常常做.I used to _(sleep) late, but now I used to _(sleep) early. The pen is used to _(write)6. Give up going sth.放弃做某事名matter, fever, cough, passenger, risk, kilo, rock, knife, spirit动躺lie, lying, lay; hit; hurt; break; mean;dieUnit 2 Ill help to clean the city parts.语法一般将来时复习：will do, be going to do (标志词：will; “ -ll ” ; wont; tomorrow;next 动词不定式：help to do; need to do; decide to do; want to do; used to do见附表DD重点词汇掌握 1. Alone（一个人的事实live alone）, lonely（感觉孤独寂寞lonely man） The man live _ in the country, but he never feel _.2. Raise（筹集，raise money, 外力升）, rise（自己升The sun rises up every day.）3. 短语：Cheer up 使变得高兴，振奋起来Give away赠送，分发Come true 实现Come up with= think of想出，提出Put off 推迟Call up 打给某人Care for 照顾，Make a difference影响，有作用Run out of 用尽，耗尽Give out 分发，散发4. Sound(所有声音)/noise(噪音)/voice(人声音)5.care for 照看；照顾；照料=take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看6. such/ so词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数such +除much/little之外的形容词+ 不可数名词so程度副词修饰形容词或副词so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数so+ many/few +可数名词复数so+ much/little+不可数名词词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“人”come true否主语一般是“梦想；理想”7. Help sb with sth = help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事8. 1). stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话2).stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话-Can we stop _(have) a rest? -Oh, stop _(talk) about this. Youve rest three times.9. Take after, be like, look like, look after区别Take after,人品，品德，性格都像 be like人品性格, look like外表, look after照顾10. for example 常接句子, 用逗号隔开。such as 常接词或短语，可和and so on 连用。名volunteer, sign, notice, joy, owner, letter, deaf, door, train, interest, 动volunteer,cheer, notice, feel, raise, repair, fix,miss, open, carry, understand, changeUnit 3 Could you please clean your room？语法Could 引导的句子四项复习情态动词：can, could(能，可以); must , have to(必须); should, ought to(应该); need(需要，必要); may(可能); maybe(名，副词：也许，或许); may be (情态动词：也许可能); had better do(最好做); 重点词汇掌握 1. 短语：Do chores 做家务Do the dishes洗餐具in a mess; Take out 拿走;all the time= always总是;as soon as; in order to为了; depend on依靠; take care of= look after=care for照顾; As a result结果Make the bed 整理床铺Hang out 闲逛，常去At least至少A waste of time浪费时间2. Borrow(借来，进)和lend(借给，出)3. fair n. fairness 公平；公正 unfair不公平4. in front of 指在物体外部的前面in hospital住院和in the hospital在医院in the front of 指在物体部的前面 注意有the 和没the 的区别 5. 了解get, turn, become, go, grow1). become好、坏两方面的变化He becomes a teacher. (现在已经是一位老师)2). get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调 “渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。 Its getting darker outside. 3). turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。Leaves turned brown . 4). 表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go（通常不用get）。 vegetables go bad菜变质 5). grow表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。常指生长性的变化。 My younger brother is growing tall我的弟弟渐渐长高了。名rubbish, floor, shirt, finger, neighbor, ill,动fold；sweep; throw；pass；borrow；lend；hate；waste；provide；depend；develop,dropUnit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?语法提建议的句子：(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.? .怎么样？(2) Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.= Why do/ does sb. do.? 为什么不呢？(3) Lets do sth. 让我们一起做.。 (4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做好吗？(5) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做.(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去.？(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做.？回答(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：（不包括mind ）Good idea. / Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please. / Id love to. 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you. 我同意你的看法No problem. Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以(2).表示委婉绝时，一般用：I dont think so. 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant. Id love to, but我愿意，但恐怕 Im afraid 恐怕语法状语从句分类：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。1. until引导的时间状语从句until“直到；在.之前”。和not.until“直到.才”We wont start until Bob come Dont get off until the bus stops.2. so that引导的目的状语从句so that是连词，“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.3. although引导的状语从句 Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. 尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。重点词汇掌握 短语Too many太多Be good at 擅长Talk about 谈论On the phone在中Look through 快速查看，浏览.Give back归还Big deal重要的事Thanks for因.而感Work out成功地发展，解决.Get on with和睦相处，Communicate with sb.与.交谈Next time下次Make friends交朋友Be worried about 担心.Be afraid of 害怕Cut out 删除，删去All kinds of 各种各样的In ones opinion依.看instead of而不是，代替Want to do sth, 想要做某事 .Find sb. doing sth. Tell sb. to do sth. Refuse to do sth. Let sb. do sth. Offer to do sth. Not.until. Want sb. to do sth. Its time for sth. Its + adj. + to do sth. Keep on doing1. allow sb to do sth 允许My parents dont allow me _( stay)up late. 我父母不允许我熬夜。 2. angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地1). be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气with后接人2).be angry at/about sth.对某事感到生气 at后接事 3.get on with1)（事情）进展2)与友好相处get on with sb. =get along with sb.= be good with 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏pete v竞争；对抗 competition n 竞争1）. compete against/ with 与竞争Wecantcompetewiththemonprice. 2）. compete for 为参加比赛 Thirtypeoplehadtocompeteforonlytenopenings. 3）. compete in,参加竞争，在上竞争、比赛Fivechildrencompetedintherace.三 opinion 5.1)parewith把与.做比较And they are always comparing them with other children. 2). compareto 把.比做People often compare the life to a stage. 6.perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe辨析1).perhaps意为“也许，可能”，一般指比较小的可能性。2).probably“很可能，大概”，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。3).possibly意为“可能，或许，也许”，可能性较大。4). Maybe副词“或许，大概”，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps轻。5). may be情态动词+ be结构，“也许”Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。7. argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue about sth. 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对 argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论名wrong, relation, cloud, pressure, opinion, skill,development, cause动Allow; guess; deal; communication; argue; communicate; explain; copy; return; complete; continue; compare; push形elder, nervous, typical, crazy, clear, usual, quick, secondUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?语法过去进行时was/ were doing sth.标志词；四项句式重点词汇掌握短语：Go off离开pick up捡起fall asleep睡着in silence沉默take down记下at first首先be in control of掌管掌控Wait for等候Look for寻找Make sure确保Have fun (in) doing sth玩的开心die down逐渐变弱，逐渐消失Take photos照相Turn on / down调大、小Right away立刻，马上Because of因为Make ones way to费力前往Tell the truth说实话Point out指出Three times a week一周三次Be busy doing sth.忙于做某事See sb. doing sth.看某人做某事Try to do sth.努力做某事Have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 1. Begin to do 和begin doing 的区别 1). 主语是物不是人： It begin to rain; The ice begins to melt 2). 本身为ing形式： He is beginning to realize the importance of learning English. 3). 其后动词与想法、感情有关： They began to understand each other. 4). to do表示一次性的动作；而doing表示习惯性、长期性的动作。2. (1) also也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。(2) too也，用于肯定句句末，需要加一个逗号。(3) either也，通常放于否定句末(4) as well也，通常也放在句末，可以和too互换。3. against倚；碰；撞,反对反义词follow4. (1) at first = at the beginning最初，开始(强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初)(2) first of all首先，第一(说明述事情的重要性)Ben could not sleepat first.5.die down和die out的区别。 die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程；die out则指熄灭这一事实，不与die down普遍。指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。含义用法位置例句everywhere处处；到处；各个地方可用于任何句式We have many friends everywhere in the worldsomewhere某个地方多用于肯定句中You can go somewhere you like to.anywhere任何地方否定句疑问句You cant go anywhereCan I go anywhere I choose6. . 复习词义辨析： 1）join /join in/ take part in 2）get/ reach/ arrive(1)We want to _ the running, do you want to _us? (2)Do you want to_the school sport meeting?(3)I _ in China at 8:00, then I found a car to _ to a bus station, so I could take No.5 bus. I finally _ there at 12:00.7. remember to do sth与remember doing sth复习：forget to do没做/ forget doing做过remember to do sth记得要去做某事（此事还未做）remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）Jim, remember _(lock) the door before you leave for home. I remember _(lock) the door before I go home. 8. wood1)不可数，“木头，木材”apiece of wood一块木头2)可数名词，意为“树林”，常用复数She is afraid of walk through the woods at night.9.fall asleep意为“进入梦乡，睡着” 反义词：wake up意为“醒来，把。弄醒”10. the rest of “剩余的。”Tom is from England and the rest of us are from China.11. silence不可数名词，意为“沉默，缄默，无声”，常用短语：insilence沉默，无声 silent形容词“寂静的，无声的”She is eating dinner in silence.12.have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难或麻烦”have fun = have a good time= enjoy oneself玩的开心，作乐Have fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣13. close 1)形容词，意为“亲密的，亲近的，近的”Jenny is one of my close friends.2)动词，意为“关闭”Close the door, please.14. over介词，意为“多于；超过（某数量，时间，价钱等）”=more than。Over“完毕” Class is over.15. mean (meant, meant)与物动词，意为“意思是”What does this word mean?Meaning名词，意为“意思，含义”（既可数也不可数） What is the meaning of this word?16.passage n. 章，节，段落名alarm, storm, light, report, area, wood, window, match, kid, passage, pupil, date, tower, truth动alarm, begin, match, report, beat, rise, raise, realize, fall,Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.1. speak, tell, talk、say辨析(1) speak指说话的能力或说某种语言，强调说的动作，不是所说的容speak English(2) tell告诉；讲述，强调讲给别人听。单方讲 tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事；tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事；tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事(3) talk指连续不断地讲话，交谈，侧重两者之间相互说话。talk with /to sb.；talk about(4) Say 用作与物动词，强调说话的容say it in English. 用英语说记1(1) 说某种语言用speak speak English 说英语(2) 与某人交谈用talk talk with sb.= talk to sb. 与某人交谈(3) 强调说话容用say say it in English 用英语说(4) 告诉某人用tell tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人做某事2. silly，foolish, stupid, (1) foolish无头脑的、缺乏常识的、缺乏判断能力的。(2) Stupid指“智力差的”、“反应迟钝的”。(3) Silly指“头脑简单、不懂事的”、“傻头傻脑的”。Dont be _!别傻！He is _ to throw away such a chance.Mary made a _ mistake.玛丽犯了一个笨拙的错误。3. other其他的，后跟名词，没有数量限制(泛指).the other 另一个，两者中的另一个Others一些 （人） some others 一些 一些the others 其余的，指在一个围的其他全部 another 另一个；另外的只能修饰可数名词的单数.表示三者以上的不确数中的另一个. (1) I have two pens, one is a red, _ is a black.(2) Lisa is taller than the _ in our class.(3) They are very different from one _. 他们互相之间差别很大。(4) Some students like English and _ students dont like English.4. neither of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式Neither. nor.既不也不连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则either. or .“或者.或者.”both.and .“既.又.”(1) _ John _ Ann have got a pen friend.(2) I _ smoke _drink.(3) Neither I nor she _(know) the matter. Neither of them _ teacher.(4) When the girls is happy, she _ sings _ dances.5. some time一段时间It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间sometime 在某个时候I hope to visit the USA sometime in the futuresome times名词词组，“几次，几倍”Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.sometimes有时 （一般现在时的标志词）口诀：分开是一段，合起是某时；分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1) Ill stay here for _(2) Kate will be back _ in February(2) Our school is _ larger than theirs (3) Joan goes to school on foot,but_ by bike(5) l will go to beijing _ next mouth(6) l have been here for _ (7) l _ gets up at seven6. be made of “ 被用制成” (看得出原材料)The table is made of wood be made from “ 被用制成” (看不出原材料)The bread is made from wheat.be made into + 成品“ 被制成”be made in + 地点 “在哪里制造” made in china7. wear/ put on/dress/ in辨析： wear接服饰强调穿的状态wear+衣服 =be in +衣服 dress + 反身代词dress oneselfput on接衣服强调穿的动作put on+ 衣 in +颜色“穿.颜色的衣服”- 6 - / 6
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