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中考英语复习讲义 第2章 冠词冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a,an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。内容导视知识点1 冠词的分类知识点2冠词的用法知识点3不用冠词的情况知识点4冠词的位置知识详单知识点1冠词的分类分类说明例词不定冠词a用于以辅音音索开头的单词前a gift一份礼物,a plane一架飞机,a useful book一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前an hour一小时,an apple一个苹果,an honest girl一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式,一般用于特指the pen you write with你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie那部中国影片【易错警示】1.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但发音却是非元音,因此其前用a,如:university,European,one-way等。2.有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但发音却是元音,因此其前用an,如:hour,honest,honor等。知识点2冠词的用法1. 不定冠词的用法序号用法例句1表示数量“一”的概念There is a football behind the door. 后有一个足球。2指事物的单位,有“每一”的意思Youd better take this medicine three times a day.你最好每天三次服用这种药。3表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个A bird can fly.鸟会飞。4用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 A Mr. Smith is looking for you有位史密斯先生正在找你。5用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前A heavy rain fell yesterday.昨天下了一场大雨。Listening to music is reallya good pleasure.听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。6表示“同一”的概念,相当于the samethe sameThe two flowers look different,but they are of a kind.这两朵花看上去不同,但是为同一类的。7用于一些固定搭配中in a hurry匆忙地,make a choice做选择,have a good time玩得高兴,a number of许多【知识拓展】【知识拓展】同源宾语前不定冠词的使用:动宾短语中,与动词“同源”的名词前一般要加不定冠诃,如:sleep a sound sleep睡得很香;fight a hard fight进行艰苦的斗争;dream a sweet dream做一个甜美的梦; live ahappy life过若幸福的生活;smile an attractive smile笑得迷人2. 定冠词的用法序号用法例句1特指某(些)人或某(些)物The cellphone is on the table.手机在桌子上。2用于再次提到的人或事物的名词前I bought an iPhone 5S in the store. The iPhone 5S cost,4.000Yuan.我在商店买了一部iPhone 5S手机。这个手机花了我4000元。3用于谈话双方都知道的名词前Would you mind my opening the window?你介意我开窗户吗?4用于表示西洋乐器的名词前I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。5与单数可数名词连用,表示一类人或事物;与复数名词连用,表示整个群体The panda is a cute animal.熊猫是可爱的动物。They are the doctors of this hospital.他们是这个医院的全体医生。6用在序数词和形容词最高级之前This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。7用在表示姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇二人The Blacks are going to Kaifeng next week.布莱克一家下周准备去开封。8和某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物The rich are not always happier than the poor.富人也不总是比穷人开心。9用于世界上独一无二的东西The sun is much bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大得多。10用于江河湖海山脉岛屿等名词前The Nile is the longest river in the world.尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。11用于某些特指的抽象名词、物资名词前,尤其是其后有限制性定语修饰时The young generation is the hope of the world.年青一代是世界的希望。The three children are the joy of my life.这三个孩子是我生命中的快乐。12用于逢十的数词前,表示世纪的某个年代。The war broke out in the sixties.战争爆发于60年代。13用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中,常见的此类动词有take ,catch,hold,seize,hit,cut,strikeLead,pat等The policeman seized the thief by the arm and struck him on the back.警察抓住小偷的胳膊,打了他的背。14用在固定搭配中at the age of在岁时,on the other hand另一方面,on the whole大体上【易错警示】有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别1.go to school去上学,go to the school到学校去;2.be in charge of负责, be in the charge of 由负责;3.take place 发生, take the place of代替;4.in prison坐牢,in the prison在监狱里;5.in front of . 在(外部的)前面,in the front of 在 .(内部的)前面;5.be in hospital因病住院,be in the hospital在医院里;6.by sea乘船,by the sea在大海旁;7.in class上课,in the class在班级里;8. In office执政,in the office 在办公室;9.in place of代替,in the place of 在地方;10.sit at table吃饭,sit at the table坐在桌旁;11.by day在白天,by the day按日计算;12.in future今后,in the future将来;13.out of question不成问题,out of the question不可能;14.out of office离岗,out of the office离开办公室。知识点3不用冠词的用法序号情况例句1物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前Electricity is a form of energy.电是一种能量形式。(物质名词)Music can bring people pleasure.音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词)Van is a beautiful city.西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词)2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前Winter is my favourite season because I can make snowmen.冬天是我最喜爱的季节,因为我可以堆雪人。June 1 is Childrens Day.六月一日是儿童节。3表示泛指的复数名词前Books are our friends.书是我们的朋友。4一日三餐的名词前I go to school without breakfast一我没有吃早餐就去上学5球类、棋类运动的名词前My father often plays chess with me when he is free我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。6表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前He was elected the chairman of the mittee.他破选举为委员会主席。7表示学科、科学的名词前I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school.当我上初中时,我物理学的不好。8有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前Miss Zhang is our English teacher.张老师是我们的英语老师。Some kids entered the park through that door. -些孩子从那扇门进人了公园。9表示交通方式的或通讯方式的名词前Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去美国的。Did you send the file by email?你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗?10某些固定搭配中不用冠词all night在晚上,at first起初,on time按时,in fact ,事实上,at home在家里,go to bed 上床睡觉,after school放学后,by hand手工【知识拓展】冠词的省略主要指可用可不用冠词的情况。有以下几种:文章标题、书名、广告语中等,在不引起歧义的情况下,冠词可以省略,从而使行文更加简明。例如:(A) Fully furnished flat to let全新装修公寓出租(广告)两个并列名词前面都有相同冠词时,第二个名词前的冠词常被省略。例如:Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?知识点4冠词的位置情况位置例句一般情况冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。固定结构as/so. as结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought.爱丽丝不像我想像中的那么机灵。so. that结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it.这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。such. that结构中,a/an一般应位于。such之后,形容词之前He is such a good boy that we all like him.他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。too. . . to结构中,a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home.琳达太小了,不能把她单独留在家里。名词前有形容词rather, quite或very时,不定冠同通常置于rather, quite之后,very之前It is quite a good job. You should take it.那真是一份好工作,你应该做。Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 哈利珀特是非常有趣的书。名词前有all,both, double, twice等修饰时,冠词应位于其后、名词之前Both the parents are very strict with their kids.这对父毋都对他们的孩子很严格。感叹句中what引导的感叹句中,a/an置于what后What a heavy rain it is!多么大的雨啊!What an exciting news he brings us!他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊!how引导的感叹句中,a/an置于how修饰的形容词后How timely a rain weve got in such a dry season!在这样干燥的季节里,这真是一场及时雨啊!【助学记忆】1.名词前用不用冠词,用哪一个冠词,一般取决于三个基本因素:是可数名词,还是不可数名词;是单数名词,还是复数名词;是特指,还是泛指。2.单数可数名词前除非有其他限定词(如指示代词、物主代词等)修饰,否则必须要加冠词。考点突破考点1考查不定冠词的用法1.(哈尔滨中考)Hello, boys and girls! Believe in yourself. If you do something with a light heart, youll get_ excellent result! A. a B. an C./【解析】选B result是可数名词,此处表示泛指,其前要用不定冠词修饰,且excellent是以元音音素开头的 单词,故用an,2.(重庆中考)John is_ famous singer. She has a lot of fans.A. a B.an C. the D./【解析】选A。此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且famous是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用a考点2考查定冠词的用法3.(十堰中考)-Can you play_ guitar? -Sure. Its a piece of cake for me. A. a B. an C. the 解析I选C。表示西洋乐器的名词前用定冠词the.4.(湖州中考) Who is_ young lady with curly blonde hair? A. a B. an C. the D./ 【解析】选C。由空格后的with curly blonde hair可知,此处表示特指,故用定冠词。5.(佛山中考)Thank you for_ invitation. I am looking forward to that party.A. a B. an C. the【解析】选C。此处表示双方都知进的邀请”,故名词前用定冠词the.D./6.(淮安中考)Beijing is one of _ biggest cities in China.A. a B .an C. the D./【解析】选C。形容词最高级前需加定冠词tile.7.(遵义中考)We should offer seats to _old on the bus.A. an B./ C. the【解析】选C old 为形容词,the+形容词”表示一类人。考点3考查零冠词的用法8.(邵阳中考)The young man in a blue coat is my PE teacher. He often plays basketball. A. the B. a C./ 【解析】选C 球类名词前不加冠词。考点4考查各类冠词的综合用法9.(赤峰中考)-Tom, Ill invite you to have _ lunch after playing _ violin. -Thank you. A. a; the B. the; the C./;/D./;the 【解析】选D。三餐名词前不加冠词;西洋乐器的名词前用定冠词the,10.(龙东中考)-Will you get there by_ bike? -No, I will take_bus. A. the; a B. a; the C./;a【解析】选C。第一空by后直接接交通工具的名词,不用冠词;第二空表示泛指,take a bus为固定搭配。11(矜南中考)-We have_ 8-day holiday.-Why not go to_ West Lake?A. an; the B. a; a C. a; the D. an; a【解析】选A。第一空表示“一个”,8的英文是eight, eight是以元音音素开头的单词,故其前用an;第二空the West Lake为专有名词。12.(天津中考)-Mary, whos_ woman over there?-Shes my aunt,_ English teacher.A. the; the B. a; the C. the;an D. a;an【解析】选C。第一空指双方都知道的人,故用定冠词the;第二空表示泛指,且English是以元音音素开头的单词,故其前用不定冠词an
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