必修三Unit语法宾语从句与表语从句学习教案

会计学1必修必修(bxi)三三Unit语法宾语从句与表语从句语法宾语从句与表语从句第一页，共60页。Related Conception (相关相关(xinggun)概念概念)1.名词名词(mng c):表示人或事物的名称表示人或事物的名称(mngchng)的的词叫名词。词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和主语、表语、宾语和同位语同位语。1.Henry is a businessman.主语主语表语表语2. Henry, a businessman , received a million pound bank note.主语主语同位语同位语宾语宾语第1页/共60页第二页，共60页。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 主语主语(zhy)从句从句表语从句表语从句什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)第2页/共60页第三页，共60页。 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 宾语宾语(bny)从从句句同位语从句同位语从句(cn j)第3页/共60页第四页，共60页。在英语的句子结构中，本来该由在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_充当充当的主语、宾语的主语、宾语(bny)、表语和同位语，现在由、表语和同位语，现在由_来充当来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从这个句子就叫名词性从句。句。名词名词(mng c)性从句性从句主语主语(zhy)从句从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)一个句子名词第4页/共60页第五页，共60页。第5页/共60页第六页，共60页。一、宾语从句共性(gngxng)问题 1，2They know that the habit will kill them.He asked how much I paid for the violin.Ill tell you why I asked you to come.It all depends on whether they will support us.I dont care who marries him.观察： 1. 宾语(bny)从句可充当谁的宾语(bny)？ 2. 连接词的分类和作用？第6页/共60页第七页，共60页。宾语宾语(bny)陈述陈述动词介词第7页/共60页第八页，共60页。连接词连接词第8页/共60页第九页，共60页。1.归纳总结：that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分(chng fn)，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。第9页/共60页第十页，共60页。主语主语(zhy)定语定语(dngy)宾语宾语第10页/共60页第十一页，共60页。状语状语(zhungy) 归纳总结： 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句(cn j)相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句(cn j)中充当一定的成分。第11页/共60页第十二页，共60页。 当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. e.g.: I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句(cn j)不能用if. e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. e.g.: I havent decided whether to go there.whether和和if都可以引导都可以引导(yndo)宾语从句宾语从句,但但是以下情况不用是以下情况不用if。宾语(bny)从句(whether & if)意为意为“是否是否”第12页/共60页第十三页，共60页。特殊特殊(tsh)：The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished.老师老师(losh)已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。的人都要被惩罚。 find / feel/ consider/ make/think + it +adj. +that宾从宾从(bn cn)形式宾语形式宾语宾补宾补真正宾语真正宾语第13页/共60页第十四页，共60页。时态时态(sh ti)第14页/共60页第十五页，共60页。a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ .b.请告诉请告诉(o s)我你昨天这个时候在干什么。我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _.his dream will come true some day1. 如果(rgu)主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。what you were doing at this time yesterday一、宾语从句(cn j)(时态)第15页/共60页第十六页，共60页。他告诉我他正在为考试他告诉我他正在为考试(kosh)(kosh)做准备。做准备。He told me He told me _._.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us The teacher told us _._.he was preparing for the examinationlight travels in a straight line2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词(dngc)一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。第16页/共60页第十七页，共60页。宾语(bny)从句的语序第17页/共60页第十八页，共60页。宾语从句的语序(yx)是陈述语序(yx)，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。 Do exercises .I didnt know .你们当时在聊什么？你们当时在聊什么？这本书是谁的？这本书是谁的？她明天是否她明天是否(sh fu)要来？要来？她住哪里？她住哪里？第18页/共60页第十九页，共60页。I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Exploration但是从句(cn j)为Whats the matter？ Whats wrong？Whats happening？who,what作主语时，从句(cn j)是感叹句，从句(cn j)的语序不变.第19页/共60页第二十页，共60页。1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京(bi jn)2011)A. what B. how C. that D. whyWhat +n.+ 主主+谓谓 n. a / an + adj.+n adj.+ U adj.+ pl.（复数（复数(fsh)）第20页/共60页第二十一页，共60页。第21页/共60页第二十二页，共60页。I dont suppose he cares, ?He doesnt think we will come, ? does he does he此时，否定只看主句(zh j)，与从句无关 第22页/共60页第二十三页，共60页。She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.I suggested that he (should) study harder. The teacher requests that .we (should) get along well with each other.第23页/共60页第二十四页，共60页。3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持(jinch)、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持(jinch)：insist2.命令：order, command3.建议：suggest, propose, advise4.要求：desire, demand, require, request老师要求老师要求(yoqi)所有作业要在放学前交上去。所有作业要在放学前交上去。The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.第24页/共60页第二十五页，共60页。1.She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?whatwherewhetherhow牛刀小试牛刀小试(ni do xio sh)：第25页/共60页第二十六页，共60页。2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国(qun u)卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东(shn dn)2010)A. why B. what C. how D. which第26页/共60页第二十七页，共60页。4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why第27页/共60页第二十八页，共60页。5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010)A. what B. who C. how D. why第28页/共60页第二十九页，共60页。表语表语(bioy)从从句句第29页/共60页第三十页，共60页。思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？基本上与宾语(bny)从句的引导词相同。连系动词seem, look之后还可用1)The question is whether we can rely on him. 2)Thats because we were in need of money at that time.3)He looked as if he was going to cry.4)Thats why I was late.4) The trouble is that I lost his address. 二、表语(bioy)从句as though (as if ) 。第30页/共60页第三十一页，共60页。when / where / why / how / because that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语(bioy)从句)who / whom / whose / which / what第31页/共60页第三十二页，共60页。由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词 when, where, how, why 除在句子(j zi)起 作用外，在从句中还充当 ， ， 或 状语，本身具有词义。连接(linji)时间(shjin)地点方式原因例如：Go and get your coat. Its you left it. where去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。第32页/共60页第三十三页，共60页。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣(yy)，这是我们淋湿的原因。 第33页/共60页第三十四页，共60页。-You see, Im poor in maths, you are not good at English, and -Thats we should help each other.A. when B. where C. how D. what第34页/共60页第三十五页，共60页。表语从句(cn j)注意点 1). 表语表语(bioy)从句一律用陈述句的语序从句一律用陈述句的语序.语序语序:Thats why I was late. 2). 引导词引导词that无实际意义无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.e.g.: The trouble is that I have lost her address. 3).表语表语(bioy)从句只能用从句只能用whether,而不能而不能用用if 引导引导.e.g.: The question is whether we can rely on him. 第35页/共60页第三十六页，共60页。表语(bioy)从句注意点 4). 当主语是当主语是reason时时,表语从句用表语从句用that, 不不用用(byng)because. 要用要用The reason is thatThe reason for sth is thatThe reason (why + 句子句子)is that 或或 This / it /that/ is because等句型等句型.e.g. The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 第36页/共60页第三十七页，共60页。例如: 今天早上(zo shang)他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1)The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.2)The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.3)He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.第37页/共60页第三十八页，共60页。虚拟语气在：在宾语虚拟语气在：在宾语(bny)从句中从句中 谓语谓语建议：suggest, advice, propose, 要求：demand, request, require, ask 命令(mng lng)：order, command坚持：insist e.g.: I suggest that you (should) be there on time. 第38页/共60页第三十九页，共60页。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句在表语从句(cn j)中中主语主语 建议：suggestion / advice 要求(yoqi)：requirement / demand 命令：order, commande.g.: Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.第39页/共60页第四十页，共60页。试区分试区分(qfn)以下句子以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?( (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从定从) )第40页/共60页第四十一页，共60页。回顾回顾(hug)与与练习练习第41页/共60页第四十二页，共60页。b. 表语从句表语从句d. 介词介词(jic)后的宾语从句后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语做动词宾语f. 与与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时宾语与表语从句中不能使用(shyng)if 的情况:第42页/共60页第四十三页，共60页。1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ or not he is well.4. The question is _ he should do it.5. I havent decided _ to go there.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether第43页/共60页第四十四页，共60页。1. He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.isthatwhetherthatwhicheverExercises 改错改错(i cu)第44页/共60页第四十五页，共60页。1. 老师说月亮绕着地球转。 The teacher said (that) the moon goes around the earth.2. 他们都在担心是否(sh fu)能按时到达那里。 They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.第45页/共60页第四十六页，共60页。3. 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务(rn wu)是很重要的。 I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4. 问题是这本书是否有读的价值。 The question is whether the book is worth reading.第46页/共60页第四十七页，共60页。5. 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。 I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning.6. 我的意见(y jin)是你不应单独前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 第47页/共60页第四十八页，共60页。7. 那是因为他没有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me.= The reason is that he did not understand me. 8. 我的建议是我们(w men)明天一早就出发。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow morning. 第48页/共60页第四十九页，共60页。1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语(bioy)从句意思完整。that / 不填if / whetherwhom / who第49页/共60页第五十页，共60页。4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.when whichhowthat第50页/共60页第五十一页，共60页。8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.thatwhywhere / howthat第51页/共60页第五十二页，共60页。12. It looked _ he had understood this question.13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understand me.14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. thatas ifthatwhether第52页/共60页第五十三页，共60页。The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04)whywhat关联词的选择关联词的选择(xunz) 第53页/共60页第五十四页，共60页。that4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04)5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. (05)6. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _Im talking to. (04)whatwhoever第54页/共60页第五十五页，共60页。7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. (04)8. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (00)9. I read about it in some book or other, does is matter _ it was? (01)howwhateverwhich第55页/共60页第五十六页，共60页。10. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04)11. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.12. The way he did it was different from _ we were used to. (05)whatthatwhat第56页/共60页第五十七页，共60页。13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. (05)14. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05)15. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. (05)whywhateverwhether第57页/共60页第五十八页，共60页。(cn j)n考点主要有：引导词，时态，语序第58页/共60页第五十九页，共60页。第59页/共60页第六十页，共60页。