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Unit 4 Global warming话题诵读 日积月累导语你知道全球变暖会给人类的生活和环境带来哪些变化吗？Short and Long Term Effects of Global WarmingClimate changeGlobal warming is causing the temperature of the earth to rise slowly，causing massive global changes to our natural environment.Rising sea levelGlobal warming is rapidly melting glaciers around the globe，causing a rising sea level and possibly coastal flooding and other weather problems in the future.Ecosystem changesGlobal warming is changing certain ecosystems throughout due to temperature fluctuations.Animals and plants are being forced to adapt to this，and，as a result，are dying off.Breakdown of the ozone layerGlobal warming is creating holes in the ozone layer，primarily from human use of products that emit poisonous chemicals.The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation from the sun.The holes are causing amounts of poisonous chemicals present in our breathing air to increase at a rapid rate.词海拾贝1glacier n冰川2ecosystem n生态系统3fluctuation n波动4ozone n臭氧5emit vt.发出，放射问题思考1What effects is global warming causing?_2Is it serious to have holes in the ozone layer?_答案：1.Climate change，rising sea level，ecosystem changes and breakdown of the ozone layer.2Yes，it is.自主预习 步步提高词汇识记.将单词与其正确释义连线1consumeA图表；曲线图2graph B现象3phenomenon C燃料4fuel D平均的5trend E趋势；倾向6mild F温和的；温柔的7consequence G环境；情况8circumstance H贡献9average I消费；消耗10contribution J结果答案：1I2A3B4C5E6F7J8G9D10H.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n洪水；水灾2_ vt.反对；反抗3_ adj.平稳的；持续的4_ adj.分布广的；普遍的5_ vt.拥护；提倡，主张6_ n污染；弄脏答案：1.flood2.oppose3.steady4.widespread5.advocate6.pollution.根据英语释义写出单词1_：a quick look2_：an amount or a number of sth3_：to pay money regularly to support a charity4_：to express something in speech or writing， especially in a definite or formal way5_：happening or chosen without any definite plan，aim or pattern6_：to take a particular direction7_：a sudden event resulting in great loss and misfortune8_：the limits between which sth varies；a set of products of a particular type答案：1.glance2.quantity3.subscribe4.state5.random6.tend7.catastrophe8.range.选用短语的适当形式完成句子keep on；be opposed to；come about；result in；subscribe to；go up；quantities of；even if1There are large _ rain in this area.2Do you know how global warming _?3I have never _ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.4If you want to make the kite _， pull the string hard，and then release it slowly.5His careless speech _ much argument.6We _ the practice of power politics between nations.答案：1.quantities ofes about3.subscribed to4go up5.resulted in6.are opposed to.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1That probably does not seem much to you or me，but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to other natural changes._2There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1)and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon._3Without the “greenhouse effect”，the earth would_be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is._答案：1.这个数值对你我来说可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。2毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表一)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。3如果没有“温室效应”，地球温度将比现在低大约33摄氏度。语篇理解课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1The temperature in the last century did not seem to increase much.()2Everyone believes that global warming is caused by the activity of humans.()3Janice Foster believes that she can measure the future global rise in temperature.()4The rise in carbon dioxide is causing a steady increase in global warming.()5George Hambley believes that global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth. ()6It is clear what the effects of global warming will be.()答案：1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.F.读课文回答问题1What do they think about global warming？Do they agree with one another?_2What are the two graphs about in the text?_3What is the main topic of the article?_答案：1.There are some very different attitudes among scientists towards this issue.Some think the effects will be terrible, while some others believe that we should not worry about it.2The first graph shows the temperature increase of one degree Fahrenheit between 1860 to 2000.The second graph shows the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.3Global warming/The warming of the earth.表格填空The burning of 1._ like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about 2._ degree Fahrenheit.The levels of carbon dioxide have 3._ greatly over the last 100 to 150 years.Charles Keeling found that the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 4._ parts to around 370 parts per million between 1957 and 1997.Dr Janice Foster says that the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius，but it could be as high as 5 degrees over the next 5._ years.The climate could be very seriousA rise of several metres in the 6._Severe storms, floods，7._，famines.The spread of diseases.The disappearance of8._We should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.It will make plants grow 9._；crops will produce 10._；it will encourage a greater range of animals.答案：1.fossil fuels2.one3.increased4.3155.1006.sea level7.droughts8.species9.quicker10.more课文深层理解.读课文匹配段落大意1Para.1AThe cause of the earths becoming warmer2Para.2 BThe consequence of burning fossil fuels3Para.3 CThe increase of carbon dioxide4Para.4 DGlobal warming will go on5Para.5 EPuzzles about global warming6Para.6 FDifferent attitudes to global warming7Para.7 GAn introduction to the passage答案：1.G2.A3.B4.C5.D6.F7.E.阅读P26P27文，选择最佳答案1Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1977?ADr Janice Foster.BCharles Keeling.CGeorge Hambley. DSophie Armstrong.2The author probably agrees that_Aactually global warming is good for manBwe should do nothing about the global warmingCcatastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warmingDa lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warming3Whats the main idea of the second paragraph?AThe cause of the earths becoming warmer.BThe consequence of burning fossil fuels.CThe increase of carbon dioxide.DGlobal warming will go on.4According to George Hambley，_Aglobal warming is a very serious problemBtheres no need to worry about global warmingCthe levels of CO2 in the air will become lower in the futureDmore animals will make greenhouse gases decrease5We can infer from the text that_Athe debate about the effects of global warming has not been settledBthe greenhouse effect is the result of peoples actionsCall scientists think it is important to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphereDreducing greenhouse gases will immediately decrease the earths temperature答案：1.B2.D3.A4.B5.A知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1. consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完；毁灭(教材原句P25)Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home，school，or any other places you can think of.列举一下在你家里、学校里或者其他任何你能想到的地方的消耗能量的东西。She consumed most of her time in reading.她把大部分时间都花在读书上。The electricity industry consumes large quantities of fossil fuels.电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。 归纳拓展be consumed with.被所折磨consume sth in(doing)sth把用在(做)某事上timeconsuming adj.耗费时间的consumer n消费者consumption n消费量 即学即练单句语法填空。Her old car _ (consumer) much fuel.单句改错。He was consumed of guilt after the accident._完成句子。The kids soon _ on the table.孩子们一会儿工夫就把桌子上的食品全部吃光了。She didnt pass the exam，because she _ TV.她考试不及格，因为她把大部分时间都花在看电视上了。答案：consumedofwithconsumed all the foodconsumed most of her time in (watching)2when引导的省略句(教材原句P26)That probably does not seem much to you or me，but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.这对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比而言，这却是一种快速的增长。句式分析when compared to.是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when it is compared to.英语中有时为了避免重复，在不损害句子结构或不引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或单词。在以when，while等连词引导的时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，而保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等。When compared to our small flat，Bills house seemed like palace.和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。 归纳拓展状语从句中的省略用法：If(I am)given another chance，I will do it much better.要是再得到一次机会，我会把它做得更好。Even if (I were) invited to the party，I wouldnt go.即使受邀参加聚会，我也不会去。 即学即练单句语法填空。When _ trouble，she always goes to her teacher for help.I wont go to the party even though _ (invite)完成句子。_, he is sure to get well.如果再给他同样的治疗，他肯定会痊愈的。_，you should remain silent at the conference.除非被邀请讲话，否则你应该在会上保持沉默。答案：ininvitedIf given the same treatment againUnless invited to speak3come about发生；造成(教材原句P26)So how has this come about and does it matter?那么，它是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？He told me how the accident came about.他告诉我那事故是怎样发生的。The car accident was horrible，but nobody knows how it came about.那次车祸真可怕，但是没有人知道它是怎么造成的。提示come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，常指情况不受人控制的突然发生。有时用it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语。常用句型：How did it come about that.？某事是怎么发生的？It came about that“发生了”。 归纳拓展come 短语荟萃come across偶然发现；遇见come along出现；进展come back回来；在记忆中重现come in进入；到达come out显露；出版come to总共；恢复知觉come through安然度过(危险、困难等)come up上来；上升；被提出；出现The moon came out from behind the clouds.月亮从云后露出脸来。Ill let him know if anything comes up.如有什么事，我会告诉他的。 易混辨析come about/happen/take place/break out/occur词语辨析come about强调“偶然发生”，也指差别、争论的产生。常用于疑问句和否定句happen是普通用语，指“偶然发生”。常用于sth happen(to sb)结构；也有“碰巧是，恰好是”的意思，用于it happens that.或sb/sth happen(s) to be/do sth结构中take place指“按计划、安排做”；可引申为“进行，举行”break out指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发”occur可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；occur还表示“突然想到”，常用于it occurs to sb that.结构 即学即练选用以上短语的正确形式填空。Ill never understand how it _ that you were late three times a week.我不明白你怎么会一星期迟到三次。The question is bound to _ at the meeting.会上一定会提出这个问题。I _ him on my way home.我碰巧在回家的路上看见了他。Great changes _ in our hometown during the last ten years.在过去的十年里我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。A fire _ in the hospital at night. 医院晚上发生了火灾。_ she didnt know I had moved into the new house.我突然想起她不知道我已经搬进了新家。答案：came aboutcome uphappened to seehave taken placebroke outIt suddenly occurred to me that4quantities of/a quantity of大量的(教材原句P26)The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。Quantities of food were on the table.桌上摆了大量食物。The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products.这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。 归纳拓展a large/small quantity oflarge/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词a quantity of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式quantities of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式in quantity在数量上；大量地in large quantities大量地Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大批量购货较便宜。The police found large quantities of drugs at his home.警察在他家发现了大量毒品。 即学即练单句语法填空。Its cheaper to make productions _ quantity.The Emperor gave a large quantity _ money to the cheaters in advance.完成句子。花园里剩下大量的花。(quantities of)_他总是大批量地买东西。(in quantity)_单句改错。Large quantities of rain is needed in this area._A large amount of rice were sent to the front._答案：inofThere are quantities of flowers left in the garden.He always buys things in quantity/in large quantities.isarewerewas5result in导致(lead to)(教材原句P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们也同意，正是由于燃烧的化石燃料越来越多而导致了二氧化碳的增加。The accident resulted in three people being killed.这一事故导致三人死亡。 归纳拓展result from由产生as a result因此；结果as a result of作为的结果；由于without result无效地；毫无结果地His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。He was late as a result of the snow.由于下雪他迟到了。 易混辨析result in/result from词语辨析result in引起，导致，产生。侧重于结果，即主语是原因，in后面接导致的结果。result from起因于，由产生。侧重于起因，即主语是结果，from后面接事情的起因。争吵导致了混乱。注意：result inlead to(导致)；result fromlie in(在于)Global warming results from the burning of fossil fuels，such as petroleum products，resulting in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.全球变暖是燃烧石油等矿物燃料引起的，从而导致了温室气体被排放到大气中。 即学即练单句语法填空。Acting before thinking always results _ failure.His sickness resulted _ eating too much.单句改错。As the result，he had to leave his homeland._完成句子。She was late _ snow.她由于下雪而来迟了。There is no doubt that your success has _ your hard work.毫无疑问，你的成功是你辛勤劳动的结果。These measures _ a great victory.由于采取了这些措施，结果打了一场大胜仗。答案：infromtheaas a result ofresulted fromresulted in6be opposed to反对(to为介词)(教材原句P27)On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，还有一些像乔治汉布利这样的科学家，他们反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必为空气中的二氧化碳含量高而担心。I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反对与其他人一起外出购物。 归纳拓展oppose vt.反对；反抗oppose doing sthobject to doing sth反对做opposed adj.反对的；对立的be opposed to doing sthbe against sth反对be opposed to sb doing sth反对某人做 即学即练完成句子。The mother opposed her daughters _这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿。His employees _ as a result of the salaries.因为工资问题，他的员工反抗他。My father was violently _ my _ abroad.我父亲极力反对我出国。Most of the students oppose _ on Sunday.大部分学生反对星期天上课。答案：going there aloneopposed himopposed to，goinghaving classes7. consequence n结果；后果；影响(教材原句P27)They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太大。Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of over population.许多人认为贫困是人口过多造成的后果。Our findings have farreaching consequences for researchers.我们的发现对研究人员具有深远的影响。 归纳拓展in consequence/as a consequenceas a result因此；结果in consequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of由于原因take/suffer/face the consequence of承担/承受后果of little/no consequence不重要的；无足轻重的consequent adj.随之发生的；由引起的consequently adv.所以；因而 即学即练单句语法填空。The city was in ruins _ consequence of/_ a consequence of a severe earthquake.I overslept，and _ a consequence I was late for work.用consequence的适当形式填空。If you stick to that，you shall take the _The bank refused to give the company more time._， it went bankrupt.完成句子。It rained yesterday，and _ the match was cancelled.昨天下雨，结果比赛被取消了。_ a big fire，the house was completely destroyed.由于一场大火，房屋被摧毁了。答案：inasasconsequencesConsequentlyin consequence/as a consequenceAs a consequence of/In consequence of8state vt.陈述；说明 n状态；状况range n种类；范围 v排列；变化(教材原句P27)In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.It will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce more；it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better.”事实上，汉布利这样说：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进很多动物的生长所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”(1)state vt.陈述；说明 n状态；状况He has already stated his intention to run for election.他已声明打算参加竞选。She was in a terrible state when we arrived.我们抵达时，她情绪很不好。 归纳拓展in a(n).state/in a state of处于的状态state that陈述It is stated that.据说statement n陈述；声明make a statement声明issue a statement发表声明 即学即练单句语法填空。It _ (state) that more than thirty people were killed in the accident.Soon afterwards he made his first public _ (state) about the affair.完成句子。She is _，which worried her parents much.她健康状况不佳，这使得她父母很担心。_ the service in that hotel is better than before.据称那家旅馆的服务水平比以前好多了。答案：is statedstatementin a state of poor healthIt is stated that(2)range n种类；范围 v排列；变化The price of the house is well beyond our range.这所房子的价格远远超出了我们所能承受的范围。The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade.温度在摄氏30度到40度之间。助记：熟词arrange排列生词range根义排列射程；距离根义排列系列；山脉(变动)范围；幅度论及；涉及(在某范围内)变动；变化) 归纳拓展range from.to.在到范围内变化range between.and.在和之间beyond/out of.range超出的范围in the range(of)在范围内 即学即练单句语法填空。He shouted angrily at anyone _ range.The boys ages range from 15 _ 18.The temperature ranges _ 0 and 30 .用range的相关词语完成下面小片段。The supermarket keeps _ goods.Their prices _ just only a few yuan _ several hundred yuan.According to their varieties，the shop assistants _ them neatly on the shelves.这家超市有种类繁多的商品。它们的价格从几元到几百元不等。根据它们的种类，售货员们把它们整齐地排列在不同的货架上。答案：withintobetweena wide range ofrange fromtorange9even if即使 keep on继续(教材原句P27)Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内气候还会持续变暖。(1)even if即使Well go even if it rains.即使下雨我们也要去。I wouldnt tell you even if I knew.即使我知道我也不会告诉你。 归纳拓展even if相当于even though，为从属连词，引导让步状语从句。若从句所假设的事情难以实现，则从句的谓语要用虚拟语气。 即学即练完成句子。_ she gets her A levels，she is going to have problems finding a job.即便她通过了高级水平考试，她以后找工作也成问题。_，they decided to part.他们虽然相爱，但还是决定分手。单句改错。As if the advertiser said over and over again his drugs could cure my knee ache，I still thought he was lying._As though it will take me six weeks，I am determined to finish the job._答案：Even ifEven though they loved each otherAsEvenAsEven(2)keep on继续The climbers kept on in the hope of reaching the top with the last effort.登山队员们继续前进，希望最后一鼓作气地到达峰顶。They kept on working although they were tired.他们虽然很疲劳，但还是继续工作。 归纳拓展keep away from避开；不接近keep off(使)让开；(使)不接近keep out挡住；使不进去keep to遵守；坚持keep up维持；保持keep up with(sb)跟上(某人) 即学即练单句语法填空。We sang songs to keep _ our spirits when we were marching.We must keep up _ the rapidly developing situation.完成句子。When the teacher came in，_.当老师进来的时候，他们仍在继续讲话。_
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